2019版高考英语复习Unit11TheMedia课时练北师大版必修4.docx

Unit 11The Media课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2018甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷)In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they havent heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting longlost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions.The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East Chinas Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages havent heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved.Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children.Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCCs National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a childs personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the childs safety.Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11yearold girl and an 18monthold boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents social networks, the competitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”【语篇解读】本文介绍了最近社会上常见的一种现象，有些家长为了给孩子在网上拉票，可谓不择手段，甚至要求不常联系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。这种现象已让越来越多的人感到厌烦和恼怒。文章通过金华晚报对这一现象的调查进行了分析。1What is the best title for the text?AReceiving Messages: An Unhappy ExperienceBTo Say No: An Embarrassing ExperienceCA Dilemma: Vote or NotDChilds Safety and Casting Votes Online解析：C主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，一些专家提到这种现象会对孩子产生消极的影响，但最后一段谈到如果你拒绝朋友的投票要求，会非常尴尬。因此，“投还是不投？”是一个进退两难的困境。2What does the underlined word “disclosure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AExposure.BConcern.CReputation. DCompetition.解析：A词义猜测题。这里表达的意思是：一名政协委员担心公开曝光孩子的个人信息和照片会对孩子的安全造成潜在的风险。根据词根closure(关闭；倒闭；暂时封闭)，再结合前缀dis(表示相反或否定)及语境可猜测出，disclosure意思是“透露的信息；披露”，与exposure“揭露；暴露”意义相近。3What can be inferred from Li Hongyans words?AHer children dont want to join in those online competitions.BShe urges people to vote for the babies of her close friends.CShe agrees to bring the children to their parents social networks.DShe opposes the idea of parents seeking votes for children.解析：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“. never urged others to vote for her children.”和最后一句“However, despite her dislike of the contests.”可知，李红艳反对父母给孩子拉选票这种现象。B(2018广西重点高中二模)People love cellphones, which is why nine in ten Americans own one. But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns. Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain. The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note.Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Still, he calls the new studys findings “significant”. They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says.Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequency or RF radiation is a type known as nonionizing (非电离的). Unlike Xrays, nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as Xrays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.In very large doses (量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage. But its not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use. Five years ago, the World Health Organizations International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)”Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time. But notice that IARC was not certain. It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。4Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？Afigures out Bputs outCrefers to Dadds to解析：D词义猜测题。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。5In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?AIt assists him with his teaching.BIt indicates a new research direction.CIt warns people to mind cellphone safety.DIt makes a breakthrough in cancer research.解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。6What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AHow phone signals are delivered.BHow cellphones produce radiation.CFeatures of radiation from cellphones.DDifferences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation.解析：C考查主旨要义。根据第三段的内容尤其是“nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation.”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。7What might be the theme of NTP scientists further research?AWhy cellphone use causes cancer.BWhether cellphone use really causes cancer.CWhat health effects cellphone use has.DHow much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might possibly cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。C(2018云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试)Spider (蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate (振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturally made silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies (频率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat.Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship (求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male, but theyre the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web. Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.【语篇解读】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。8How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?AThrough its sense of sight.BThrough vibrations of its web.CThrough different frequencies.DThrough a musical pattern.解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。9What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AInsects. BStrings.CSpiders. DVibrations.解析：A考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。10Which of the following statements is TRUE?ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.CHunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.DThe tightness of silk cant be adjusted once its made.解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要。11The text mainly tells readers _.Aguitars and spider webs are similarBspider webs have various functionsCspiders are skillful in hunting insectsDvibrations are vital in a spiders life解析：D主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat”可知，D项正确。D(2018云南高三年级11校跨区调研)If our kids dont fall, they dont learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. Im the oldest of four children, and no doubt shed had a long day with the other kids and itd slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my moms face that shed forgotten me.Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straightA student ready to start college applications, being late wasnt an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom. I told her she was ruining my future and everything Id worked for. But she held_her_ground,_and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.My mom didnt rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. Its how we selfeducate to learn whats right and respectable, and whats not. Its how we become responsible and enthusiastic.Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.【语篇解读】本文作者通过亲身体会告诉我们：失败让我们变得更好，因为我们在失败中学会成长。12Why did the author shout at her mother?ABecause she was tired after walking home.BBecause she missed some important tests.CBecause her mother had ruined her future.DBecause her mother didnt pick her up home.解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段的“After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my moms face that shed forgotten me”可知，作者在学校等了一个小时，后来自己走回了家，因此她对妈妈没有去学校接她非常生气。13How does the author feel about her experience now?ADisappointed. BMerciful.CBeneficial. DEmbarrassed.解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now, as a mom myself, Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves”说明作者现在认为她之前的经历对她是有益的(Beneficial)。14What does the underlined phrase “held her ground” in Paragraph 2 mean?AStuck to her decision. BGave in to me.CSaid yes to me. DStayed in the place.解析：A词义猜测题。根据第二段的“But she held_her_ground,_and that day, I walked to school”中But的转折意味以及后面作者仍然走着去上学可知，妈妈仍坚持她的观点，没有送作者去上学。15What is the best title for the text?AOffer Your Kids Help if NecessaryBStop Rescuing Your Kids from FailureCBe Responsible for Your Kids FailureDTry to Meet Your Kids Demands解析：B标题判断题。根据第三段和第四段的叙述，尤其是第三段的“My mom didnt rescue me from failure”及“I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves”可知，B项最适合做文章标题。.七选五(2018四川成都第二次诊断)Color is in everything we touch，taste，smell and feel.It evokes(唤起)emotion without any thought._1_ We are all familiar with it，but do you know the following facts? Silver will save your life.When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices，you cant think clearly.Your best choice is to go with silver. Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident. _2_ Another reason is the silver colors ability to have a look of cleanliness. _3_ Tough prisoners and crazy patients？It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.So it surely has a useful place and a purpose，other than decorating a dress or Barbies dream house. Yellow makes you hungry.Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens，as they have a positive influence on your appetite._4_ Im not normally one for conspiracy(阴谋)theoriesbut perhaps theres something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellows effects. Color is an imaginary friend.Technically，its all in our heads：color does not exist at all. _5_ So，if you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just colorblind，remember its a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly.Youre both wrong.APink comforts the nerves.BBlue is the most common favorite color. CThey are most noticeable on the road and in low light. DYellowcolored walls seldom leave us wanting more food. EIt can be the focus of our careers，our lifestyle and the fun we have.FThen where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?GColor tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。1解析：E根据上文的“Color is in everything we touch，taste，smell and feel.It evokes (唤起) emotion without any thought”可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩是人们职业、生活方式和娱乐的焦点”与此呼应，所以选E项。2解析：C根据上文的“Your best choice is to go with silver. Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident”及下文的“Another reason is the silver colors ability to have a look of cleanliness”可知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故，所以选C项。3解析：A根据下文的“It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用，所以选A项。4解析：F根据下文的“Im not normally one for conspiracy(阴谋)theoriesbut perhaps theres something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellows effects”可推知应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。5解析：G根据上文的“Color is an imaginary friend. Technically，its all in our heads：color does not exist at all”可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合，所以选G项。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：25分钟).完形填空(2018郑州第二次质量预测)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier (收银员) _1_ her by name and asked her how she was doing. The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my _2_ son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is I dont know how Im going to _3_ the holidays.” Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart _4_. I wanted to help but didnt know how. Should I offer to _5_ her groceries or ask for her husbands situation?_6_ I walked into the parking lot. I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought might help her. It wasnt a handful of cash or an _7_ of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life _8_.My heart beat faster as I _9_ the woman. “Excuse me，” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldnt help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like youre going through a really _10_ time right now. Im so sorry, but Id like to give you something.”I took a small card out of my purse and _11_ it to her.When the woman read the cards only two words, she began to cry. And through her _12_， she said, “You have no idea how much this _13_ to me.”I was a little _14_ by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didnt know what kind of _15_ I might receive. All I could think to respond was, “Oh, my! Would it be OK to give you a _16_？”After we hugged _17_， I walked back to my car and began to cry too.The words on the card? “You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as _18_ for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a _19_ glow (喜悦) spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of “You Matter” cards and started _20_ them.【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我”和一位老妇人之间的故事。“我”送给一位生活不如意的老妇人一张卡片，上面写着“You Matter”，这让她很感动。1A.calledBgreetedCrecognized Dheard解析：B根据该句中的“and asked her how she was doing”可知，收银员问她过得怎么样，据此可以判断，收银员在和她打招呼(greeted)，故B