2012届高三英语单项选择考点精讲精练-非谓语动词1.doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用2012届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第8讲 单项选择非谓语动词非谓语动词的类别和句法功能 非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的固定搭配 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度l(延边F)非渭语动词的类别和句法功能1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I think you 11 grow him when you know him better. A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 动词grow有“达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是“喜欢上他”的动词like而不是“像他”的介词like。 (延边F) 对症下药 C2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having (延边F) 考场错解A或B (延边F) 专家把脉 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表示一般的行为动作，而不定式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。 (延边F) (延边F) 对症下药 D3. (典型例题精选 ) Oil prices have risen by 32 per cent since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching (延边F) 考场错解 C (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。现在分词作结果状语是表示自然而然的现象；不定式作结果状语是表示出乎意料的现象，因油价从年初已开始上升四月份时已达到了记录。因此应用现在分词作状语。 (延边F) 对症下药 B4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 cousin came to see me from the country. me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查现在分词做状语的用法。分词与主动词没有先后之分，为伴随状语。 (延边F) 对症下药 B5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查过去分词短语做定语的用法，过去分词作定语有被动的含义。 (延边F) 对症下药 D6. (延边F) (典型例题精选Five people won the China s Green Figure award, a title to ordinary people their con tributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查过去分词做定语的用法，同时考查了对句子结构的理解。a tifle是the“Chlnas Green Figure”award的同位语，动词give与title是被动关系。因此本题应选C。 (延边F) 对症下药 C7. (延边F) (典型例题精选on t sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 现在分词做伴随状语，表示与动词sit同时发生。 (延边F) 对症下药 C(延边F)专家会诊非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项： 不定式 1(延边F)介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except/but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有： cannot help(choose)but+动词原形：不能不 do nothing but+动词原形：只做 There is nothingto do but+动词原形：只有做 have no choice but to do：只有做 如： The last bus having gone，I coulddonothingbut go home on foot。(省略 to) I cannot choose lint tell him the truth(省略to) She could do nothing but leave(省略抛) I have no choice but to cry(不能省略to) 2(延边F)不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的。介词。但名词way除外。如： He is not a man to tell lies(主谓关系) The boy has a nice pen to write with We found a way to solve this problem(in) 通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，eXCUSe，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read(表将来) She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the 0lvmpic Games(有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape(修饰抽象名词) Do you havethe abilityto read French?(修饰抽象名词) 3(延边F)不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用。如： He sat down to have a rest(表目的) He woke up to find everybody gone(表结果) Im very pleased to hear from him(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) He Was too excited to say a word(表程度) He is old enough to go to school(表程度) 过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别： 这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如： The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero(将要修建的) The bridgebeingbuiltis named Stone in honor of the hero(正在修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero(已经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(在谓语之前) He is a teacher loved and respected by all students(没有时间性) Listen!The song sung is very popular with the young men(表正在)The questiontion to be discussed at the Sunday meet ing is very important(表将来) 在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示“感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。如： interesting令人感兴趣的：interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到激动的；excited感到激动的 shocking令人感到震惊的；shocked感到震惊的 过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别： 1(延边F)感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，obselwe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，lel， make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意：make不能接现在分词作宾补。如： l heard her sing a Chinese song jut now(表示主动，完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night(表示正在进行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times(表示被动) The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shon rest(不能用make) 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成和状态。如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone(表示状态) I Was surprised to find my hometown chanoed a lot(表示完成) 2(延边F)动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。如： lt is wrong for you to leave the machine run- ning(主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被动，完成) My workmate left,leaving me to do all the rest work(主动，将来) My workmate left1eaving all the rest work to be done(被动，将来) 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别： 1(延边F)一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。如： Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown 2(延边F)现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如： Being belped by the teacher，she will leam English well HelPed by the teacher, she has learned English well. 3(延边F)现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。如： Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way, the word shouldn t be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work peffectly. 垂悬分词作状语 垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。如： Searehing along the street， it had taken him a long time to find a clinie(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人) Walking or sleeping，this subjeet is always in my mind(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”) Using the eleetric energy，it is necessary to change its form(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F) When last valuable, those books enjoyed great Success. A. finding B. foundC. being found D. to be found1B解析：相当于when last the books were found valuable。2 (延边F) How pleased the detective was what his customer told him ! A. hearing B. to hearC. heard D. to hearing2B解析：be pleased to do sth3 (延边F) Ill thank you my affairs alone. I will. It is none of my business. A. to have left B. for leavingC. to leave D. for having left3c解析：这里不是thank you for(doing)sth结构，是谢谢的前提。(延边F)命题角度2(延边F)非谓语动词的时态和语态1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Is Bob still performing? I m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left(延边F) 考场错解C或B(延边F) 专家把脉 从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主语是he，不存在被动，故选项 A最佳。 (延边F) 对症下药 A2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost CBeing lost DLosing (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 受到for a week的影响，考生容易误选 A。这里非谓语动词的逻辑主语是the two students，而 lose是及物动词，应当用被动来表示，或是lose oneself结构。选项A如果改成Having been lost也是正确答案。 (延边F) 对症下药 B3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题很容易误选A，把它当作谓语动词。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”，相当于定语从句which will follow it的省略。这里动词follow是指“某事在时间或空间上在其他事物之后”的含义。 (延边F) 对症下药 C4. (延边F) (典型例题精选Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 由since引出的短语可判定用不定式的完成结构，由句意知，“还没有找到那位妇女”，故应用完成进行结构，选A。 (延边F) 对症下药 A5. (延边F) (典型例题精选) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated (延边F) 考场错解A或B (延边F) 专家把脉 从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动作之前，又是被动关系，用现在分词的完成被动式是最合适的. (延边F) 对症下药 C6. (延边F) (典型例题精选 AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查的句型结构中，常用不定式，由句中over the past few years可知，不定式表示的动作先于主句动作，因此选不定式的完成时形式，D项正确。 (延边F) 对症下药 D7. (延边F) (典型例题精选 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 从题意看，the 29th Olymple Games还没举办，又是被动关系，选D。 (延边F) 对症下药 D(延边F)专家会诊1 (延边F)动词不定式的时态和语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hearfrom和his father之间是被动关系) rhe book is said to have been translated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系) 注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况： (1)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，往往用主动形式。如： I havent got a key to unlock the door(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key) (2)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如： I havent got a book to read(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语) (3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for people。如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand. He is hard (for me) to work with. (4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。如： There is a 10t of work to be done(工作被做) There is a 10t ofwork to do(需要人去做) 2，(延边F)动名词的时态和语态 动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。如： We are interested inplayingchess(同时) She is looking forward to hearing from you again(之后) lm sorry for not having kept my promise(之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone(被动) The house showed no sign of having been dam- aged(之前，被动)(延边F)考场思维训练 1 (延边F)There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeingC. to be seen D. seen1c解析：不定式和逻辑主语是被动关系。 2 (延边F) in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised B. Born ; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born ; raising2B解析：没有强调时间的先后。3 (延边F) I regret you John has been fired. I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine work er, A. telling B. having toldC. to tell D. to have told3c解析：在谓语动作之后发生。(延边F)命题角度3(延边F)非谓语动词的固定搭配1. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) What should ! do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就会误选D。根据语境是回答对方的问题“做什么”，回答时，这里用祈使语气。 (延边F) 对症下药 C2. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) When asked by the police, he said that heremember at the party, but not A. to arrive ; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉forget/remember/regret to do忘/L/L住/后悔去做某事；forget/remember/regret doing忘记/记得/后悔已经做过某事。根据语境，动作已发生，应用动名词，同时but后要和前文保持一致。 (延边F) 对症下药 C3. (延边F) (典型例题精选) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn t risk the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查特殊动词后只能跟动名词作宾语的用法。常见的这类动词有，delay，enjoy，escape， finish，imagine，miss，mind，practice，risk等。本题中由于he与lose之间为主谓关系，所以不能用被动语态。 (延边F) 对症下药 B4(延边F) (典型例题精选The parents suggested in thehotel room but there kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 suggest表示建议时后面跟动名词作宾语。 (延边F) 对症下药 C5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 cant stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉cant stand后跟动名词作宾语，refuse后跟不定式作宾语。 (延边F) 对症下药 C(延边F)专家会诊英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。 1(延边F)下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语： admit, allow, appreciate, avoid ， consider ( 考虑 ) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss ( 错过 ) , practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer 等动词 ; be used to ( 习惯于 ) , insist on, can t help ( 情不自禁 ) , can t stand ( 无法忍受 ) , give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to， put off, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy ( in), get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult / trouble(in) , have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) 等动词词组。 2(延边F)下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： forget/remember/regret to do忘记/记住/后悔去做某事 forget/remember/regret doing忘记/记得/后悔已经做过某事 stop to do停下来接着做另一件事；stop doing停止做一件事 mean to do意欲、企图做某事；mean doing意味着做某事 go onto do做完某事接着做另一件事；go on do_ ing继续做同一件事 try to do努力、试图做某事：try doing尝试着做某事 3(延边F)有些短语作状语是固定结构： judging from, generally/frankly/honestly/strict- ly speaking, considering ( that ). ( 考虑到 ) , supposing / providing ( that). ( 假如 ) , seeing( that). ( 既然，由于 ) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with(首先，第一) 。始: Judging from his accent， be must be a southerner. Turning to the left， he saw a bus passing. Considering everything， he did a good job. Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married， I dont see how you can stop her.(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having madeC. making D. to make1D解析：to make maReworse是固定搭配，意为“情况更糟糕的是”。2 (延边F)The result was not made until last Sunday. A. to know B. knowingC. known D. to be known2c解析：改成主动句They didnt make the result known untillast Sunday”即知是分词充当宾补。3 (延边F)When he got off the bus, he found his pocket . A. stolen B. pickedC. gone D. missing3B解析：pick ones pocket意为“扒某人口袋”，这里是have sthdone句型。(延边F)命题角度4(延边F)非谓语动词逻辑主语的表is形式和否定形式1. (延边F) (典型例题精选徽)I really cant understand her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating (延边F) 考场错解A或B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题题干相当于I really cant understand why you treated her like that而understand不能用于under- stand sbto do sth结构中。这里用动名词形式，you是其逻辑主语。 (延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) While watching television, A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rang (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查分词短语的逆向使用。因题干用了watching。由此可知该句主语为人，可排除A、B。又因hear为感官动词，其后用动词原形作宾补，所以本题选C。 (延边F) 对症下药 C3. (延边F) (典型例题精选When different cultures, we of ten pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语与主句主语一致并且同时发生。 (延边F) 对症下药 C4. (延边F) (典型例题精选Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, _ A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉 分词短语做状语，其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。本句意为John面临万元账单，因而找了一份额外工作。 (延边F) 对症下药 A(延边F)专家会诊非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，逻辑主语是of或for的介词宾语，或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。如： It is important for us to work hard. ( to work is important, 只能用 for) It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind, 只能用 of) We want to go with you to have a picnic. Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema. I want the report to be typed as quickly as possi-. ble. The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible. 动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。如： Toms coming surprised all of us. (主语) His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry. ( 主语 ) Would you mind me / my opening the window?(宾语) They all thought Tom s / Tom going there a great mistake. (宾语) Is there any hope of their team winning the game？（无生命 )I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指) 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式：逻辑