2012届高三英语单项选择考点精讲精练-情态动词.doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用2012届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第5讲 单项选择情态动词情态动词的词义辨析 情态动词在情景交际中的用法情态动词+have+过去分词结构 情态动词的一些习惯用法含有情态动词的反意疑问句(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度l(延边F)情态动词的词义辨新1. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选)If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn t B. shouldn t C. can t D. might not (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查情态动词的基本意义和用法。 couldnt是callt的过去式，有“不能，不可能或不可以”之意；shouldnt不应该；might not不可能。句中if引导的是虚拟语气，故A不对。 (延边F) 对症下药 C2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) Some aspeets of a pilot s job be boring, and prilots often work at inconvenient hours o A. can ; have to B. may ; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题的解题思路要从情态动词的基本意义和用法开始。按照情景，“飞行员的工作的某些方面可能是令人厌烦的，而且他们经常不得不在很不方便的情况下工作。” (延边F) 对症下药A3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) The World Wide Wed is some times jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can (延边F) 考场错解 C (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查can在肯定句中的用法_can常用于否定句、疑问句中表推测，但也可用于肯定句中表“一时的可能性”。 (延边F) 对症下药 D4. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall (延边F) 考场错解B或C (延边F) 专家把脉 句意为“法官宣布：按照双方协议，利息被分作五个部分。法官宣布的决定有法律效力，不得违背，而且表示说话人(及其所代表的一方)的决心、意志、允诺等，shall用于第二、三人称时，有此用法。must可译作“必须”，但只是一种主观要求，不具备shall的毋庸置疑的决定口气。 (延边F) 对症下药 D5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 A项意思是：干嘛，偏要，硬要(指做令人不快的事)；B项：能，可能；c项：可以；D项：有必要。根据题干“看看时间吧，你干嘛要这么晚弹钢琴?” (延边F) 对症下药A(延边F)专家会诊情态动词的基本用法：I. can(could) 1(延边F)表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够”时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to在表示能力时与can同义，但可用于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。如: No one can ( is able to ) finish such a difficult thing. He can speak English. I can go there now. With the help of the firemen, the trapped peopie was able to leave the burning building.(不能用could) 2(延边F)表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示“请求，许可”，否定句中表示“不许”，此时可与may通用，有时cannot可以表示“禁止”，相当于“mustnt”，如： May ( Can ) I help you？ That sort of thing can t go on ! You can t ( mustn t, are not allowed to ) play computer games again. 3(延边F)表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”， Call多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。如：There comes a man. Who can it be? No, it can t be him. He has gone to Ameri- ca ！ He can t have gone there alone. 4(延边F)could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为 earl的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。如：Could I borrow your English dictiy?-Of course you Call. Go ahead. If. may,might(might 为 may 的过去式) 1(延边F)表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问一件事可不可以做，有时可以与can互换。其否定式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not=mustnt代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。如： Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight? Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt / you d better not. ) 比较Yes, please / please dont,2(延边F)表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述句中。如：Her parents may come to see her tomorrow,3(延边F)may句式用来表示祝愿。如：May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed： May you be happy, healthy and wealthy! 4(延边F)might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中。如： Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy. I wonder if I might buy some sugar now. m. must 和 have to 1(延边F)表示必须要做的事，意为“必须“，否定式 mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustnIt，而用 neednt或dont have too如：Must I hand in the paper now?Yes, you must.No, you needn t. / you don t have to. 2(延边F)must在表示“必须”时与haveto相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外must不像haveto那样能有更多的时态。如： Tom，you must stay 8thome(命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby, (客观需要) 3(延边F)表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”，只用于“肯定句”中。如： I think there must be a mistake， 4(延边F)偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Heyboys！ Must you shout so loudly? slmll的用法要点 1(延边F)用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。如：You shall have my answer tomorrow. ( 允诺 ) He shall be sou-y forit oue day, I tell you. (警告) You shaU do a8 l tell you(命令或吩咐) Shall you go with me?(征询意见) 2(延边F)用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。如：Shall we begin our class? When shall my father be able to leave hospital? V. should 和 ought to should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与 ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought协则表示非常可能。should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ought to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。如： We should foughtto)help each otherinwork(ought协的语气要强) They should come here now(按道理应该到了) I am your teacher，lought to hdp with your study(表示有这个责任) win和would will可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称.可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用 willo如：Dont worry. He will do his best. Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)Accident will happen. (难免) Would you please do me a favor?(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)Coffee be drunk while it is hot.A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to1D解析：这里ought to表示“劝告或推荐”。2 (延边F)Tell him that he have the book tomorrow after noon.A. shall B. will C. need D. dare2A解析：从句意判断，表示了“我”的承诺。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、命令、警告”的含义。3 (延边F)I lived with my uncle this summer and I didn t have to pay rent. So I save most of my salary.A. could B. would C. was able to D. should3C解析；Was able to表示“能够做什么而且已经做成”。(延边F)命题角度2(延边F)情态动词在情景交际中的用法1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )Lucy doesn t mind lending you her dic tionary. She . I ve already borrowed one.A. mustn t B. may not C. can t D. needn t (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 前句是说Iaicy不介意把字典借给你用”，后者说“我已经借了一本”，所以是没有必要了，填neednt符合语境。 (延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) There s no light on - they be at home. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. shouldn t (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查情态动词表示推测的用法。根据句意“灯没亮，他们不可能在家。”表示否定推测，只能用 cant。误选D是受了汉语的影响。 (延边F) 对症下药 A3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )What a shame ! You didn t seize such a good chance. I that job when it was offered. A. should take B. would take C. must have taken D. should have taken (延边F) 考场错解A或c (延边F) 专家把脉根据首句“真遗憾，你没抓住这次机会”，可知：下文应是本应做而没做。情态动词应用should加完成结构。 (延边F) 对症下药 D4. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) The work will take me another week. Im really tired. I think you as well consult an experienced worker. A. may B. can C. need D. must (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 may/might as well是固定用法，表示“最好；不妨；无妨”。 (延边F) 对症下药 A5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )How much shall I pay for the phone call? You . This free of charge. A. shouldn t B. can t C. don t have to D. must (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉 根据句意“你没必要付电话费”，r6dont have to=need not (延边F) 对症下药 C(延边F)专家会诊情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别：1would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用would代替。used幻强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often， every clay连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用used too如：They would have a drink in the bar at noon.They used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(现在可能不了)He used to be a very strong man.(不能用would，现在可能不强壮了)China is not what it used to be.(表示对比，不能用would)Every evening, she would sit in front of thedoor to wait for her son.(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用USed to)There used to be a temple on the too of themountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用would)2(延边F)表示“宁愿做某事”时，有下列句式结构：would rather do something would rather do something than do something would do sth. rather than do sth. would rather sb. did sth. prefer to do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.3(延边F)情态动词否定式所表达的含义。may not, might not或许不，可能不cant/cannot( = be not able to不能够can t,can not不可能may not, can t, can not, mustn t ( = be notallowed to) 不许可 neednt ( = dont have to) 不必 shotddn t, oughtn t to ( = be not supposed to) 不应该(延边F)考场思维训练 1(延边F)Can I tell my best friend about it? No, I dont want anyone else to know it. You keep it to yourself.A. can B. need C. must D. may1c解析：后者的意思是不想别人知道，当然是“必须”了。2 (延边F)Would you like to have a taxi? No, I walk there. It s such a lovely day. A. can B. ought toC. had better D. would rather2D解析：从Its such a lovely day来看是“更愿意走到那儿”。3 (延边F)Mum,why are you here? I ve brought your camera. I thought you use it.A. can B. should C. might D. will3C解析：用might表示某种可能性。(延边F)命题角度3(延边F)情态动词+have+过去分词结构1. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) The woman biologist stayed in Mrica stud ying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear ! She a lot of difficulties ！ A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through(延边F) 考场错解C或A (延边F) 专家把脉 按照语境是对过去可能发生事情的一种猜测，而表示现在的事情。选项 C表示“应该做的事情而没有做”的责备。 (延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself. A. needn t do B. needn t have done C. mustn t do D. shouldn t have done (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查情态动词的各种时态的含义。一是要弄明白各情态动词间的区别，二是要弄明白情态动词不同时态表达形式间的区别。neednt do“不必做”：neednt have done“本不必做某事”，实际上已经做了；mustnt do“不准做”，表禁止、命令；shouldnt have done“本不应该做”，实际上已经做了。 (延边F) 对症下药 D3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I stayed at the Futong Hotel while in Shanghai. Oh, did you? You with Baixue. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed (延边F) 考场错解 D (延边F) 专家把脉题干中did you这个信息说明了是一个表示疑问语气的句子，而D项是表示对过去事实的肯定推测，所以是错误的。could have done表示“应该(可以)做的事但是没有做”，符合语境。 (延边F) 对症下药 A4. (延边F) (经典题) Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn t eat B. mustn t have eaten C. shouldn t have eaten D. mustn t eat (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构。所以只能在选项B或C中来确定答案。mustnt have eaten是一个错误选项，因为mustnt+动词表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。全句意为：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 (延边F) 对症下药 C5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Do you know where David is? I couldn t find him anywhere. Well. He have gone far his coat is still here. A. shouldn t B. mustn t C. can t D. wouldn t (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 根据后文“他的外套还在这儿，应该是不会走远。cant have done表示一种肯定语气的推测。 (延边F) 对症下药 C6. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least 150 km an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done (延边F) 考场错解 C (延边F) 专家把脉 本题是对过去发生事情的一种猜测，同时还强调警察追赶他时正在发生的情况，所以选B。 (延边F) 对症下药 B(延边F)专家会诊小结：“情态动词+have+过去分词”用法 1(延边F)must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。如： It must have mined last night, for the ground was quite muddy. The lights were out. They must have been asleep. 2(延边F)may/might have done表示对过去已经发生行为的推测，意思是“也许、或许、已经(没有)”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用lnight则表示语气更加不肯定。如：It s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold. 3(延边F)might have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”的意思，有轻微的责备语气。 如： You should not have swum in that river. You might have been eaten by fish. You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 4(延边F)could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以”。如： You could have done better, but you were too careless. I went to New York last summer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with my brother. I saw his father just now. He couldn t have gone to Shanghai. 5(延边F)should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。如： You should / ought to have come to the meeting earlier. He ought not to have treated his parents like that. 6(延边F)neednt have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt needto表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。如： You needn t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. I didn t need to clean the room. My mother did it. 7(延边F)canhave done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。如： He can not have taken away the magazine Can he have gone home?(延边F)考场思维训练 1 (延边F)I saw Mr. Smith at the West Beijing Station this morning. You He s still on holiday in Hawaii. A. couldn t have B. mustn t haveC. shouldn t D. needn t1A解析：完整结构是You couldnt have seen MrSmith。表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测。2 (延边F)Did you walk all the way home by yourself? Yes, I did. But I guess I A. needn t B. needn t haveC. shouldn t D. may not have2B解析：表示过去做了没有必要做的事。3 (延边F)Lucy have been to Mary s wedding. They are the best friends. But she for some reason, because Mary asked us why Lucy had missed her wedding. A. would; couldn t B. should ; can tC. must ;wasn t able to D. must ; might not3c解析：前者表示对“过去”的肯定推测，后者指“过去”没能去。(延边F)探究开放题解答(延边F)综合问题1(延边F)情态动词的一些习惯用法1. (延边F) We wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry. A. might well B. might as well C. could well D. should as well(延边F) 解答 B(延边F)规律总结may weu和may/IigIlt as well后都接动词原形，是一种常用结构。may well+动词原形相当于 to be likely to，意为“(完全)能，很可能”。may/ might as well+动词原形相当于had better或幻have no strong reason not to，意为“最好，不妨”o例如： You my well be proud of your daughter你大可为女儿骄傲。 You may well not recognize herfor she has changed a lot她变化太大了，你很可能认不出她。 You may as well stay here over the night你最好留在这里过夜。 silice its a fine day,wemight as wellwalk既然是好天气，我们不妨走走。 除此之外，cannottoo/enough表示“无论怎么也不过分”“越越好”；cannot but do sth表示“不得不，只好”的含义。例如： You tmnnot be too careful你怎么小心也不过分(你越小心越好)。 Youoannot rememberenou English words你记的英语单词越多越好。 I could not but admire your bravery我不得不钦佩你的勇气。(延边F)综合问题2(延边F)含有情态动词的反意疑问句1. (延边F) Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ？ A. hadn t B. didn t C. don t D. won t(延边F) 解答 A(延边F)规律总结had better是特殊形式的情态动词，可以缩写成better，其反意疑问句都由had 引导，同时还遵循前肯定后否定的原则。含有情态动词的句子在构成反意疑问句时，通常用相应的情态动词。如： He will come tonight，wont he? 但当谓语部分是ougllt to+动词原形”时，疑问部分用ought，ought not，shouldnt+主语代词。如： He ought to be punished，oughtnt he? 当陈述部分有dare，need时，作实意动词，疑问部分用do的适当形式，作情态动词，疑问部分用情态动词本身。如： They need to do it，dont tlley? You dare not come，dale you? must表示“必须”时，附加疑问句用neednt或 mustnt。表示推测时，疑问部分要根据must后的谓语动词以及相对应的时态来确定。如： You must be Mr. Zhang, aren t you ? You must have finished it, haven t you / didnt you? He must have finished the work last night, didn the?(有时间状语last night，不能用hasn(he)(延边F)考场思维训练 1 (延边F) He must be in the classroom, he? A. mustn t B. can tC. isn t D. can1c解析：表示推测时，must的反意疑问部分根据谓语动词来确定。2 (延边F) There used to be a high tower here, ？ A. was there B. wasn t thereC. used there D. usedn t there2D解析：见used to的用法。3 (延边F)Look! Bob is carefully examine the electric lines. A. He should be too careful B. He must be too careful C. He cannot be too carefulD. He can be too careful3C解析：意为：他再怎么小心也不过分。(延边F)考点高分解题综合训练I(延边F)单项选择 1 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A. wouldn t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not1B解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。由题干设置的语境可知该句为含有主语的祈使句，全文使用了命令的口吻，故须用mustnt表示“一定不要”。2. (延边F) (典型例题精选)I have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn t B. couldn t C. mustn t D. needn t2B 解析：本句意为“当那次事故发生时，我可能还没有6岁。”故只有could才能达意。3 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) He have completed his work ; otherwise, he wouldn t be enjoying himself by the sea side. A. should B. must C. wouldn t D. can t3B 解析：本题考查must对过去推测的用法，应用must have done结构表示过去一定做了某事，而should have done表示过去应该做而没做。4 (延边F) (典型例题精选)Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He have gone far. His coats still here. A. shouldn t B. mustn t C. can t D. wouldn t4C 解析：考查情态动词的否定推测用法，只有Callt表达“不可能”。5 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to5B解析：本题意为“如果我能为我想做的事情做个计划的话，我想去”，被选项中只有could使句意合理。6 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 )Don t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what6B解析：在It is necessary that+从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用should do的形式，should可以省略，由此排除A；send 与him之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以send应用被动语 态的形式，由此排除D；由句意the problem ishe has refused to应是一个表语从句，由此排除c。7 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 )The woman biologist stayed in A frica studying wild animals for 13 years before she re turned. Oh, dear ! She a lot of difficulties ! A. may go through B. might go through