2011高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨.doc

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.破解2011高考英语阅读考题的技巧及实例解析-逻辑阅读 阅读理解，本质是读者获得信息的一种思维活动，对于广大学生来说，培养良好的阅读习惯，能从庞杂的外语资料中迅速、准确地抓住有效信息，非常重要。在阅读过程中，逻辑思维至关重要，是解题的关键。 阅读理解，从另一个角度看是读者解读作者逻辑思路的过程，因此有必要对常见的逻辑思路进行总结。从阅读理解测试类型来看，主要分为两类：篇章理解（reading for the main idea）和细节理解（recognizing important facts or details），后者从历年阅读考题来看占左右。 一、篇章理解的逻辑思路 对于全文的理解，读者主要用总结（sum-up）、概括（outline）、归纳（induce）、推理（deduce）等思路。 在篇章理解部分，考试中常考的问题有这些： 1.The author concludes that. 2.It may be inferred from the passage that. 3.According to the passage, what is. ? 4.What is the authors attitude toward. ? 5.In the authors view, . 6.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 粗略归类一下，有这些类型：中心思想题（）；态度题（，）；结论题（，）和判断题（）。做这类问题时，一般先快速阅读全文，看其逻辑思路是总括主题，分别阐述，还是逐层递进，环环相扣。由于写作思路不一而足，阅读思路也要千变万化，视具体的情况而定。例如： Heroes are catalysts for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill and charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire.Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr.,We might still have segregated（隔离地） buses,restaurants and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities,but the pace of change would be slow,the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless. 看完之后，读者会有如下思路：英雄是变革的催化剂（总括观点）有远见；能鼓动群众；能创造机遇（分述论据）没有他们，步伐会慢，前景不定，会议会没完没了（反面总结，深化观点）。接着看试卷针对本段提出的问题： The author concludes that historical changes would_. A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities B) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices C) take place if there were heroes to lead the people D) produce leaders with attractive personalities 询问作者观点一般是在逻辑思路的最后，显然是在后面的结论句，也就是由but连接的句子中，but后的内容是语义的重心，是作者的观点，这样就排除了干扰项），而选出了正确答案）。 二、细节理解的逻辑思路 细节理解部分主要涉及如下逻辑思维：直接推论、因果、例证、条件、转折、对比以及正误判断等。关于细节理解题，考生经常遇到的问题有这些： 1. By saying., the author means that . 2. . because . . 3. Why.? 4. The example of .shows that. 5. If. 6.Although . 关于这些问题的解答思路可以大体分为这样几类：直接推论题；因果思维题、；例证题；假设题；则是转折思维题。总之，解细节理解题的要求与篇章理解题不同，要求考生逐字逐句地认真读题，用心思考，从逻辑意义中理解作者的出题思路，从而得出正确答案。例如： In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more world-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to“Have a nice day”has caught on. Lets be nicer, says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.” Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful consumer”. When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share,even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half hour. The graceless E1 A1 Airlines, which is already at auction, has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “you can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets. 请看所设计的题目： 1.It may be inferred from the passage that _. A) customer service in Israel is now improving B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel D) Israeli customers prefer foreign produce to domestic ones 这道题要求用推理的思路逐个筛选。根据第二段中“The electric company, whose.survey sheets.”可以判断）是正确答案。 2.In the authors views, higher service standardsare impossible in Israel _. A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers C) if theres no competition among companies D) without strict routine training of employees 解此题先看一下第一段的逻辑思路：随着富裕，Israeli消费者的要求提高了（起因）高水平的服务出现了（观点）表现为三家公司的竞争（例证）没有竞争就没有一切（结论）。因此，通过逆向思维很容易选出）。 3. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _ . A) they can have it fixed in no time B) its no longer necessary to make an appointment C) the appointment takes only half a day to make D) they only have to wait half an hour at most 题目给出了一种假设，要求根据假设选出一种结果。根据第二段中：“The electric company, . Now, appointments are scheduled to the half hour.” D）为正确答案。 4. The example of E1 A1 Airlines shows that _ . A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty C) a good slogan has great potential for improvement service D) staff retraining is essential for better service 这是典型的例证题，看文章第二段的最后两句，我们不难总结出：由于 对其员工进行服务意识的再培训，并提出了相应的口号，在其进行的社会调查中，首次赞扬者多于抱怨者。因此正确答案是）。 5. Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its market share? A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough. B) Because customers were dissatisfied with itspast service. C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better. D) Because it no longer received any support from the government. 这是一道因果关系题。根据第二段中的“its international . years of bad service”很容易找到答案）。 考生只要在平时的阅读训练中，认真练习逻辑思维；在考试中，合理应用逻辑思维，一定会在考试中取得理想的成绩。2011年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨一阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1理解主旨大意； 2寻读具体信息； 3理解细节； 4根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5简单的判断和理解； 6理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7理解作者的意图和态度； 8理解文段的文化信息； 9理解图表信息； 10理解指代关系。从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1What is the purpose of the text? 2What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3What can we infer from the passage? 4What can be inferred from the passage? 5It can be concluded from the text that ? 6What can we learn from the text? 7What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, X X X can be replaced by? 17. The underlined word X /sentence in Paragraph X probably mean. 18. The text is mainly written to explain. 19. Which of the following statements is true? 20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息： 1略读； 2找读； 3预测下文； 4理解大意； 5分清文章中的事实和观点； 6猜测词义 7推理判断； 8，了解重点细节； 9。理解文章结构；10.理解图表信息； 11.理解指代关系； 12.理解逻辑关系； 13.理解作者意图；14.评价阅读内容。要具备上述技能，应该做到： 1.学会使用3500个左右的单词、400-500个合成词与派生词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配； 2.除教材外，课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上，换言之，长度300词左右的文段1000篇；3.能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句(能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象的文段)； 4.能根据阅读目的和文段的不同，调整阅读速度和阅读方法，阅读速度每分钟70-80词。二、文章分类分析 文章一般可分为说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告等。 根据历年考试的情况看，说明文、论说文的文长基本控制在300词左右。因此，文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段，甚至第一段的前几句，最后一段多与第一段呼应；至于中间的部分，多是论据或说明文的展开部。阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现： 1. What is the best title for/of the passage? 2. What can be inferred from the passage? 3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text？ 4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text? 做答这类问题时，将阅读重点放在首尾部分，中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正答率自然也相应提高了。 示例 2004年全国卷，C篇，介绍1971年版大众车。根据内容，是一篇说明小文。 Its not the flashiest car in the worldNot even closeBut in the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars cant：run on solar energy-energy from the suns light and heat! 66. What would be the best title for the text? AThe Making of Helios B1999 American Tour on the Road CSun-powered Cars On the Road DUse of Green Cars in Connection(一)阅读理解之细节题的解题思路 主题思想只是文章的框架，作者在构思过程中，还必须对要表达的观点或信息进行具体的陈述，读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何事、和何时何故，这是十分重要的。因此，读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。对于这类细节性的问题，多数文章都比较明显地提供了事实和细节，其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。读者应该找出文章中为所作的选择提供依据的单词和句子，而不能脱离原文去获取信息，也不能仓促地作出没有原文根据的假设。 细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一，它使读者能够接受信息、记忆信息、分析信息，从而较深入地领会一篇文章。 这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。 1问句式 A其发问形式主要有以下几种： How did something happen? Which of the following people should(not) do it? Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ? Where should somebody do something? B解题技巧 在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也，就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。 把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。如果问题的顺序没有按顺序给出，可以在原文信息下画线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后检查，并节约时间。在原文中找出对发问中心的解答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与每一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那项，即是正确的答案。 Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their. Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen? A. The first stomach compartment. B. The name of the upper jaw. C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place. D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cows stomach. 带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文。当我们读到rumen这个词时，可在它下面画一横线，紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments in their stomachs”，正是解释rumen的，可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。 2不完整的陈述句式 A常见形式有： Something can be best classified as . A certain kind of person is someone who . People are looking for better ways to . According to the author,“it”was caused by . B解题技巧： 这类题的答案与原文在字面上的差异很大，有时还要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键，一定要冷静，仔细分析。在做不完整的陈述式题目时候，仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案。 3排除式 A常见形式有： Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is TRUE? Which of the following is NOT listed in . ? Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? B解题技巧： 做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息，那么该选项即为该题的答案。这类题与前两种题型不同，后者答案应包括在原文内容中，即与所述的事实具有直接或间接的联系，而前者的答案是被排除在原文内容之外的，因此在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三个选项排除，剩下的一个才是答案。 Life on LandLife on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they-the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy. The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years. B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land. C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans. D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land. 这是一道事实询问题。需要把短文第一段首句“Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago”和短文第二段首句“The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae”联系起来考虑，正确答案为A。B、C、D三项与短文内容均不符，应排除。(二)阅读理解之准确找出主题句 阅读理解的技巧中非常重要的一点是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。 段落的构成有其内在的规律，其中心思想往往是通过段落中的主题句来体现的。因此了解并掌握这些规律，迅速找出主题句，从而抓住中心思想对于提高阅读理解能力大有益处。 这些规律主要是通过主题句在段落中所处的不同的位置体现的。因此同学们首先应对以下四种段型有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练掌握它们。 1首句是主题句的规律 给予例证、解释或说明的段落； 下定义的段落； 对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落； 表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落。 主题句是首句的段落总是用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别或特殊的写作程序，即以概述开段，随之辅以细说。这样的段落在文章中出现得最多，据专门研究阅读理论与技巧的专家们统计，概率达到70%。请看下例： People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better, says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale(呼出) CO2 which plants need to survive (continue to live)and grow better. Plants absorb (take in) CO2 through their pores(小孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people to survive. Singing and talking have good effect on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster.本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。 2段落尾句是主题句的规律 (1)阐述一个不常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落。 (2)旨在说服读者相信甚至信服其论点的段落。 尾句是主题句的段落总是用归纳法撰写的，其程序是先表述细节或交代论据，最后作出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。请看下例： If you hadnt known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike. They were both tall an