女性主义feminismppt课件

Feminism,Contents,Definition of feminism and feminist Feminism theory The Feminist Movement Types of Feminism,What is Feminism?,Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. In addition, feminism seeks to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.,Feminists,Feminists are persons of either sex, or females only (in which case males may be pro-feminists), who believe in feminism. A feminist is “an advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of women“.,History,The terms “feminism“ or “feminist“ first appeared in France and The Netherlands in 1872 (as les fministes), Great Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910. The Oxford English Dictionary lists 1894 for the first appearance of “feminist“ and 1895 for “feminism“.The UK Daily News first introduced “feminist“ to the English language, importing it from France and branding it as dangerous. “What our Paris Correspondent describes as a Feminist group. in the French Chamber of Deputies“.Prior to that time, “Womans Rights“ was probably the term used most commonly, hence Queen Victorias description of this “mad, wicked folly of Womans Rights“.,The First Wave Feminism,The first wave refers to the movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries (1900s1920s), which dealt mainly with suffrage（投票权选举权）,working conditions and educational rights for women and girls. Leader ： Elizabeth Cady Stanton（伊丽莎白凯迪斯坦顿 ） Purpose ： equal political, intellectual and economic rights to women Achievement：International Womens Day has been observed (创始于1910年）,The second Wave Feminism (also called Modern Feminism),The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws as well as cultural inequalities. The key event that marked the reemergence（再度出现 ）of this movement in the postwar战后的 era was the surprise popularity of Betty Friedans 1963 book The Feminine Mystique,The key event:The Feminine Mystique,Women should speak out her feelings: In addition to her husband, children and families, I would like to get more. “女性应该大胆地说出自己的心声:除了丈夫、孩子和家庭，我还想得到更多。”,Social Impact,“It ignited（点燃） the contemporary（同时代的 ）womens movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric组织 of the United States and countries around the world.” - New York Times,The influences of the second womens movement,The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized, and reflective of a sexist 性别歧视者structure of power. If first-wavers focused on absolute rights such as suffrage, second-wavers were largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as the end to discrimination.,The influences of the second womens movement,Religion Education Language Social changes For example:Feminists are often proponents支持者 of using non-sexist language, using “Ms.” to refer to both Married and unmarried women.,The Third Wave Feminism (Post Modern Feminism),The third wave of feminism(late 1980s-early 2000s), is seen as both a continuation 继续and a response to the perceived 感知的failures of the second wave. Nowadays：Some now believe as of 2010, we are in a fourth wave of feminism.,The influences of Third wave of Feminism,The movement arose as a response to the perceived failures of and backlash against initiatives and movements created by Second-wave feminism during the 1960s to 1980s, and the realization that women are of “many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultural backgrounds“.The third wave embraces信奉 diversity and change.In this wave, as in previous ones, there is no all-encompassing single feminist idea.,Liberal feminism自由女性主义,Radical feminism激进女性主义,Diversity feminism多样性女性主义,Types of Feminism,1,2,3,Liberal Feminist Views,Liberal Feminist Views,Shared with liberalism these ideas: Human equality Human rationality(合理性） Importance of individual rights,Radical feminisms,Multiple多样的 types of radical feminisms, but they all share a common critique评论 of liberal feminism for accepting the status in the economic and social structures. The status operates with the male model as the norm 基准(e.g., seeing the world as competitive and aggressive).,Types of Radical Feminisms,Socialist feminists argue that patriarchy父权制 both exploitive剥削的. Lesbian feminists criticize societys definition of heterosexuality异性恋 as normal, & all other sexualities as deviant不正常者. Anti-pornography feminists argue that pornography 色情文学fosters促进 violence against women.,Diversity Feminism,The needs and perspectives of non-Anglo, non-Western, and non-affluent不富裕 women must be considered. Liberal feminism ignores different perspectives. Womens issu