Therebe与it句型.doc

There be是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,它是表示存在 的一种基本方式,其句型结构通常为:There be + sb./sth. + somewhere/doing sth. There be还有更多较为特殊的用法。我们都知道 There be 后面可跟一个名词或动名词,请看下面例句: 1. There is a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits. 在拐角处有家商店,你可以在那里买水果。 2. There is no knowing what may happen tomorrow. 谁也不知道明天将发生什么。 同时,我们也可以根据表达的需要,在There与 be之间用上恰当的情态动词can,may,must,should,will等,构成:There will /may/must/can,etc. be. 请看: 1. There will be another bridge across the Yellow River with the quick development of the economy of China. 随着中国经济的飞速发展,黄河上将有另一座桥。 2. There must be some rules for the changes. 这些变化中一定有规律。 3. There may be some errors, but the composition, as a whole, is beyond praise. 这篇作文可能有些小错误,但总的来说是非常好的。 4. There should be some steps to prevent such accidents. 要防止这样的事故,应该采取一些措施。 除此之外,如果您是一位注重课外阅读者,相信也经常可以见到 There to be 和 There being结构。 例如: 1. It was unusual for there to be so few flowers in the park. 公园里只有这么一点花是不同寻常的。 2. There being no bus, we had to take a taxi. 因为没有公共汽车,我们只好乘出租车。 接下来,我们一起探讨 There to be和There being的用法及意义: I. There to be的用法及意义: A. There to be 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没存在。例如: 1. Would you like there to be a hospital near your home 你想在你家附近有家医院吗 (事实上,目前还没有医院。划线部分作动词like的宾语) 2. We teachers dont want there to be any students staying in the classroom after school. 我们老师不希望有任何学生放学后留在教室里。 (实际上所有的学生放学后都离校) 3. She doesnt hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望) B. There to be也可以用在句型 It be + adj. for.中。例如: 1. It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能再有机会。 2. It was too late for there to be any open shops. 时间太晚了,不会有营业的商店了。 3. It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。 II. There being的用法及意义: A. There being可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 There to be不同的是:There to be往往表示目前没有存在的事物;而There being则通常表示已经存在的事情。请看: 1. The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。 2. No one told him about there being a meeting that afternoon. 没人告诉他那天下午有个会。 3. You were wrong about there being some misunderstandings between us. 认为我们之间有误解,那你就错了。 B. There being还可以用作副词,在语法上叫独立结构。如: 1. There being nothing to do, we went home separately. 由于没有什么事要做, 我们就各自回家了。 2. There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。 总之,掌握There be的用法及意义对我们教师来说极为重要,同时,我们也要关注 There to be 和 There being。知己知彼,由此及彼,才能使自身的英语炉火纯青!There be 句型难点解析及练习一、 There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。例如： 1. There is someone at the door to see you. 门口有人找你。2. There will be a meeting this evening. 今晚有个约会。3. -Have there been any letters from Jack lately? 近日有杰克的来信吗？-No, there hasnt. 不，没有。4. There had been many such accidents before you came. 你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。二、 There be 句型中be 前面可用一些半助动词，如：be about to (就要), be certain to (一定会), be going to (将要),be likely to (可能), be to (要), had better (最好), have to (必须), used to (过去常), appear/seem/happen to (似乎/恰好)等。例如：1. There used to be a grocery store on the corner. 以前在这个街口有家杂货店。2. There is certain to be something wrong with the engine. = It appears / is certain that there is something wrong with the engine. 发动机一定是出了毛病。3. There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎有一起严重的事故。三、 There be 句型中的替换词有：come (来), develop (产生), exist (存在), fall (落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如：1. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。2. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。3. Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。4. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the Peoples Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。四、 There be 句型中，谓语动词和合后面的主语在数方面保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。例如：There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room. 房子里有一张桌子，四把椅子和一张小床。五、 There be 句型有不定式、现在分词和动名词形式，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。例如：1. There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage. 公共汽车站离家这么近是一个很有利的条件。（There being a bus 用作主语）2. I dont want there to be any misunderstanding. 我不想引起任何误解。（There to be 作宾语）3. No one would have dreamt of there being such a fine place. 谁也没想到会有这样的一个好地方。（There being 在句子中作介词of的宾语。需注意的是，结构若出现在介词for的后面则要用动词不定式；若出现在其他介词后面则要用动名词）4. There being no bus, we had to walk home. 因为没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。 （“There being + 名词”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语）六、 “There be no doing” 表示“不可能做”。例如：1. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。2. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. 他接下去要做什么，很难断言。3. There is no bearing such rude remarks. 如此粗话，叫人根本无法忍受。专项练习：1. In the eastern part of New Jersey _, a major shipping and manufacturing center.A. lies the city of Elizabeth B. the city of ElizabethC. around the city of ElizabethD. there lie the city of Elizabeth2. It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.A. would beB. beingC. wasD. to be3. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exam.A. beB. beingC. have beenD. to be4. There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortableplace in which to live.A. beB. wasC. wereD. being5. If ever again _ happens an accident like this, we will have only ourselves to blame.A. itB. soC. thereD. that6. He said it was impossible for _ a mistake in a computers calculation, so you can rly on that.A. there beingB. there would beC. there to beD. there was7. Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chanceB. there to be a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chance8. Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, _.A. there is no stopping of himB. he is not to stopC. there is no stopping himD. it is no stopping him9. The chairman insisted that there be a meeting _ within the shortest possible time.A. to holdB. to be heldC. to have been heldD. to be holding10. Where _ dirt, there are flies.A. there hasB. isC. there isD. has there11. Around the world _ may be as many as a million earthquakes in a single year.A. yetB. theyC. thereD. has there12. _ no air, there would be no life on the earth.A. There wasB. There wereC. Was thereD. Were there13. _, she went back to her room.A. There was no cause for alarmB. Without having cause for alarmC. Being no cause for alarmD. There being no cause for alarm14. _ to the railway station, we missed the train.A. There is no busB. No bus goesC. There not being any busD. Not any bus15. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”A. It is There isB. There is It isC. It is It isD. There is There is16. There has been a great increase in retail sales, _?A. does thereB. isnt thereC. hasnt thereD. isnt it17. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having18. There is no point _ with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argueB. to argueC. in arguingD. of arguing19. There was a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been20. The house improvements have taken _ little there is of my spare time.A. howB. whatC. that D. some1-5 A D D D C610 C A C B C11-15 C D D C A16-20 C B C B Bit的用法和there be句型的用法 重、难点：（一）It的用法小结1. It作主语的句子（1）It指前面已经提到过的人或事物（有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物）时，It是真正的主语。如：Whats this ? Its a horse . 这是什么？这是一匹马。Who is it ? Its me . 谁？是我。Its the wind shaking the window . 是风刮得窗户响。（2）It指时间、季节如：What time is it ? Its nine . 几点了？九点了。Its time for the meeting . Lets go . 开会的时间到了，我们走吧！What day is today ? Its Saturday . 今天星期几？今天星期六。What is the date today ? Its Oct.（the）1st . 今天是几号？今天是十月一号。What season is it ? It is summer . 现在是什么季节？是夏季。（3）It指气候。Is it cold in this room ? No , it isnt . 屋里冷吗？不冷。Whats the weather like today ? Its fine . 今天天气怎么样？是晴天。It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city .这个城市夏天经常下雨，冬天经常下雪。（4）It指距离、情况等。如：It is five kilometres from my home to the school .从我家到学校有 5公里。It is very near from this factory to that one .从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。It is a long way to the sea .（这）离海很远。Is it well with you ? 你身体好吗？2. It作形式主语动词不定式、动名词短语或从句在句中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。（1）It +谓语+动词不定式。It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。如：It is difficult to climb a mountain . 爬山是很艰难的。It is a good habit to do morning exercises . 做早操是个好习惯。It is important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language .在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。It is right to do so . 这样做是对的。（2）It+谓语+动名词短语。It作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。如：It is no use learning without thinking . 学而不思则罔。Its useless arguing with a silly boy . 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。（3）It+谓语+名词性从句。It作形式主语，以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。如：It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film .你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。It is certain that we shall succeed . 我们一定会成功。It is strange that nobody knows where he lives .真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning .据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。综合练习（一）1. Look ! There some apples in that tree . A. is B. was C. are D. were2. Whats on the plate ? There some bread on it . A. is B. are C. has D. have3. Lucy and Lily going to the Great Wall tomorrow . A. are B. is C. am D. be4. Three fourths of the homework today . A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished5. A large number of the students in our class girls . A. are B. was C. is D. be6. The number of in our class fifty . A. student , is B. the students , are C. the students , is D. students , are7. Either of the two books for you . You can choose one . A. are B. were C. is D. was8. The population of our country by 50 percent over the last twenty years . A. has increased B. were risen C. have been increased D. have rose9. Maths my favourite subject . A. be B. is C. am D. are10. Here a new pair of shoes for you . A. is B. are C. have D. has11. The Chengs here for years . A. is living B. have lived C. has lived D. lives12. Not only my brother buy also I good at painting . Both of us good painters . A. are , are B. am , are C. is , is D. are , is13. Two months quite a long time . Yes , Im afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons . A. is B. are C. was D. were14. Every man , woman and child in this club to realize the danger of smoking . A. come B. comes C. have begun D. must15. Everyone except David and Sam there when the meeting began . A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Are the twins on the football team ? No , neither of them on the team . A. is B. are C. were D. be17. I have no letters from Peter . Oh , well , no news good news now . A. is B. are C. was D. were18. One and a half apples on the table . A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left19. When and where to build the new factory yet .A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided20. Doing eye exercises good for your health .A. are B. is C. have D. has21. There an apple and ten bananas in the basket . You can take any of them . A. are B. is C. has D. have22. Each of the boys an apple . A. have B. has C. to have D. to has23. Are there any fish in the lake now ? No . any water in it in winter . A. There isnt B. There arent C. It isnt D. They arent24. Joan with her uncle going to visit the Summer Palace next month .A. are B. is C. was D. were综合练习（二）1. The story is interesting . That means it is interesting story . A. an , the B. the , an C. / an D. / , a2. I found the cat was in room . A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys3. of the teachers in the school is 300 , of them are women teachers .A. The number , first fourth B. The number , one fourthC. A number , one second D. A number , three quarters4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic . So it will take us time to go to Pudong International Airport . A. a few B. fewer C. a little D. less5. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city . A. so a beautiful B. very a beautiful C. such beautiful a D. quite a beautiful6. Its a nice car . have you been in it ? Just to Shanghai . A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far7. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ? A. through B. across C. on D. in8. Im going to the supermarket . Will you get me some chocolates you are there , mum ? A. since B. because C. if D. while9. Must I leave right now ? No , you . A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt10. There is a ticket on the floor , is it yours ? Oh , yes , its mine . Let me for you . A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up11. The teacher told the boys in the street . A. not play B. not to play C. dont play D. dont to play12. I have finished this book . You can take it away . A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads13. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day . A. is B. was C. has been D. will be14. I have to go now . Please remember to the lights when you leave . A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on15. Dont ask me such a strange question , ? A. shall we B. will not you C. will you D. dont you16. Are the twins on the football team ? No , neither of them on the team . A. is B. are C. were D. be17. Mr. King didnt know yesterday evening .A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come home D. when his son came home18. I didnt know they could pass the exam or not . A. that B. what C. which D. whether19. Who has a dictionary , children ? I have . A. it B. this C. one D. so20. He returned to the small town he grew up as a child .A. which B. where C. that D. when21. In China , when the traffic lights are green , the traffic go and people on foot cross the street . A. can , cant B. cant , can C. cant , must D. neednt , must22. What are you going to do next Sunday ? . A. Im sorry B. Here you are C. Ive no idea D. Thats right23. I cant find the right size . The shoes in the shop are too big too small . A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and D. not , or24. The colour of his socks is different from of mine .A. one B. that C. it D. this综合练习（三）1. It was spring . American girl went to London . A. a , The , a B. / , The , / C. / , An , / D. / , A , /2. Its a long to Paris . Its two thousand kilometers . A. street B. road C. way D. walk3. Where are the students ? Are they in ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room4. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai . A. this B. it C. that D. one5. In our English study reading is more important than speaking , I think . I dont agree . Speaking is reading .A. as important as B. so important asC. the most important D. the same as6. Can you understand me ? Sorry , I can understand you . A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever7. Youd better not go out now . Its raining . It doesnt matter . My new coat can keep rain . A. in B. of C. with D. off8. How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus ? A. when B. if C. once D. that9. You go and ask Meimei . She know the answer . A. must , can B. must , may C. need , can D. can , may10. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now . Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework . A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped11. My watch doesnt work . I must have it . A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing12