中考英语语法汇总动词同步练习.doc

中考英语语法汇总：动词同步练习（三）经典例题解析1. Teresa saw me and stopped _ a word with me.A. having B. to have C. being had D. to have had2. Peter was seen _ this time yesterday.A .to write B. writes C. writing D. wrote3. The doctor told the-overweight girl _ less unhealthy food, if she wanted _ healthy.A. to eat. keeping B. to have.to keep C. eating. keeping D. having.to keep4. My ambition is _ a CEO in the future.A. / B. to be C. being to become D. will be5. We can see steam _ from the wet clothes if they _ near a fire.A. raising. are hung B. rising. are hungC. to raiseare hanged D. to riseare hanged6. Everyone _ the Spring Festival especially the kids, because they can get money in red packets.A. enjoy B. enjoys C. is enjoying D. are enjoying7. If Jerry _ tomorrow, he _ his job.A. doesnt go to work.will lose B. goes to work.will loseC. wont go to work.loses D. will go to work.loses8. People _ to talk loudly in the library.A. are allowed B. are not allowed C. allowed D. dont allow9. Look, Mike _ a heron on the blackboard. He_ it just now.A. is drawing.drew B. drew.was drawingC. has drawn. drew D. had drawn.was drawing10. It was generous _ him _ $1,000,000 to the Red Cross for the victims of the Tsunami.A. for.to donate B. of.to donateC. for.donating D. of.donating1. 【解析】答案是B。stop to do sth.和stop doing sth.意思不同。前者为停下去做另一件事，后者为停止正在做的事。而整个句子的意思为：特丽莎看见了我以后停下来聊了一会儿。所以答案B是正确的。2. 【解析】答案是C。在主动语态中，我们常用see sb. do/doing sth.的形式。被动语态时就应该为：sb. be seen to do/doing sth.。由于此句中有时间状语this time yesterday所限制，所以答案只能是C。3.【解析】答案是B。动词tell的用法为：tell sb. to do/not to do sth.。而动词want的用法为want to do sth.。能同时满足这两个条件的只有B。所以答案B是唯一正确的。4.【解析】答案是B。动名词和不定式可以用作表语。四个被选项中，只有B是不定式的形式。所以答案B是正确的。5.【解析】答案是B。这句中首先要区分rise（不及物动词）和raise（及物动词）。及物动词一定要跟宾语。其次动词hang的过去式和过去分词有两种不同的形式。hang/hanged/hanged意思为“上吊”；而hang/hung/hung意思为“悬挂”。所以答案B是正确的。6.【解析】答案是B。everyone意思为每个人；人人，所有的人。所跟的动词要用单数的形式。而用代词或反身代词时看作名词的复数形式，如例句中用了they。所以答案B是正确的。7.【解析】答案是A。从结构来看，这是一句真实的条件状语从句。我们常在if引导条件句中用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，主句用一般将来时。所以答案A是正确的。8.【解析】 答案是B。allow这类动词的用法为allow sb. to do sth.为主动语态。根据句意应用被动语态，即sb. be allowed to do sth.的结构。所以答案B是正确的。9.【解析】 答案是C。此句中有两个提示语。他们分别是look和just now。一般情况下，提示语look出现时大都用现在进行时；just now出现时大都用一般过去时。但是根据上下文的意思，此句的意思为：麦克已经在黑板上画了一只鹭，是刚才画的。所以答案C是正确的。10.【解析】 答案是B。形容词generous的意思为大方的、慷慨的。它可以用来表示主语的特征，用于It+ be+形容词+of+名词或代词+不定式的结构中。而在It+ be+形容词+ for+名词或代词+不定式的结构中，for+名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语，表示不定式所表示动作的特征。所以四个被选项中只有答案B是正确的。中考英语语法汇总：动词语法讲解（一）动词概述动词是表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。分析95年至今的中考不难发现，动词部分主要考查学生对主动结构中各个时态的运用。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时出现的概率较高。而被动语态主要是考一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态。（二）基础知识梳理1动词的种类根据其词义和其在谓语中的作用可分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。根据其在句子中的功用可分为及物动词和不及物动词，连系动词界于两者之间。1）实义动词：意义完全，能独立用作谓语。如：enable，watch，run，open等。2）连系动词：是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须在后面接表语（通常为名词或形容词）。如：seem，look，smell，taste，sound，get，become，turn，be等。3）助动词：本身没有词汇意义。不能单独用作谓语。在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。如：do，does，did等。4）情态动词：词义不完全。在句中不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起构成谓语。如：can，may，must，need，ought to等。2动词的时态：时态常用的提示语一般现在时always，usually，sometimes，often，every，once a week，in the morning，in December，in spring，on Mondays等。一般过去时ago，just now，before 2005，yesterday，last Friday，once，the other day，those days，once upon a time，long before等。一般将来时tomorrow，the coming. ，in the future，next Tuesday，in two hours，some day，soon，before long，this evening等。现在进行时now，at the moment，look，listen，be quite，these days，still等。过去进行时this time yesterday，at that time，from 9 to 11 last Friday，when，while等。现在完成时since，for，already，yet，just，in the past few years/ months，in the last few weeks/months/days等。过去完成时by the end of last term/month/year，by yesterday，by 2004，by last Monday等。过去将来时大都出现在主句动词为一般过去时的宾语从句中。有些动词所表示的动作即便在说话时正在进行，也不能用进行时。这些动词通常表示情感、想法、感觉或所属。表示情感的动词：like，dislike，love，hate.表示想法的动词：believe，know，want，mean，understand，remember.表示感觉的动词：feel，see，hear，taste，smell.表示所属的动词：belong，own，have.有些动词常用进行时表示将来，如：come，go，leave，arrive。3动词的被动语态英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在助动词be上。以动词sing为例。时态语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时Jay sings many songs every year.Many songs are sung by Jay every year.一般过去时Jay sang many songs last year.Many songs were sung by Jay last year.一般将来时Jay will sing/ is going to sing many songs this year.Many songs will be sung/are going to be sung by Jay this year.现在进行时Jay is singing an English song.An English song is being sung by Jay.过去进行时Jay was singing a song just now.A song was being sung by Jay just now.现在完成时Jay has sung lots of songs in the pastfew years.Lots of songs have been sung by Jay inthe past few years.过去完成时Jay had sung plenty of songs by last year.Plenty of songs had been sung by Jay by last year.过去将来时Jay said he would sing more songs in the future.Jay said more songs would be sung in the future.情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。4动词的不定式动词不定式是不受主语、人称以及时态、语态影响的形式。其基本形式为：to+动词原形。它在句中可以充当除谓语以外的一切成分。1）不定式作主语不定式可在句中作主语。在绝大部分情况下用it作形式主语，不定式放在后面。It is.to do sth.it takes.sb.+to do sth.it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth，/it is十形容词+ of sb. to do sth.2）不定式作宾语有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。初中阶段常见的有agree，apply，afford，choose，dare，decide，determine，expect，manage，offer，pretend，prepare，refuse，want。如：decide to do，manage to do，pretend to do。有些动词后面要用动词+形式宾语+补足语+不定式。如初中阶段常见的有：feel，find，make，think。如：make it important，find it interesting，feel it easy，think it impossible。有些动词后面要用动词+宾语+不定式。初中阶段常见的有：allow，ask，expect，invite，order，persuade，teach，tell，want,，warn，would like。如：allow sb. to do sth.，ask sb. to do sth.，want sb. to do sth.。3）省略to的不定式在一些表示感官，使役意义的动词后的不定式要省略to。如：see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，let，make，have一些固定短语后面的不定式要省略to。如：had better do. would rather do.4）动词接不定式作宾语与接动名词作宾语的区别在一些表示感官的动词后（see，watch，notice，hear，listen to）用不定式表示完成的动作或经常发生的动作，而用动名词则表示一个正在进行的动作。有些动词后跟不定式作宾语表示动作还没有发生，跟动名词则表示动作已发生。如：remember，forget，stop等。5动名词动名词具有名词的功能，在句子中可充当主语、宾语和表语。1）有些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如：avoid，admit，deny，enjoy，finish，keep，mind，practice，risk2）一些固定短语中。如：be busy，be worth，cant help3）一些以介词结尾的动词短语。如：give up，be afraid of，be used to，pay attention to，look forward to4）在一些固定句型中。如：its a waste of time doing.，its no use doing.八种否定形式一、完全否定英语中的完全否定可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither.nor, nowhere等表示。如：1.Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。2.Mary never has beef. 玛丽从来不吃牛肉。3.Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。二、部分否定英语中表示“全体”意义的代词, 形容词或副词。如：all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等与not搭配时，通常表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每个都是”等。例如：1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fools jokes. 并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. 对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。比较：Nothing makes him happy.(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。Not everything makes him happy.(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。None of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。三、几乎否定(半否定)一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用，他们与谓语肯定式连用，构成几乎否定句。如：hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等词。例如：1.I could hardly hear what he said. 我几乎没听见他说了什么。2.There is little water in the bottle, isnt there? 瓶子里几乎没有水，不是吗?四、双重否定双重否定句由not + 具有否定意义的词构成，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。双重否定可以表示强调，也可以表示委婉的含义。例如：1.Her name cant escape me forever. 我永远忘不了她的名字。2.The songs never fail to make the children smile. 这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。五、转移否定转移否定，即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分，否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身，而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况：1.转移否定多用于表思维活动如：believe(相信), expect(期望), hope(希望), imagine(想象), think(认为)等。例如：I dont think he will pass the exam. 我认为他考试会不及格的。2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词，通常也用于转移否定句这类动词有：seem(好像), feel(感觉), appear(出现), look like(看起来像)等。例如：It doesnt look like its going to rain.=It looks like it isnt going to rain. 好象不会下雨。No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的学习，他似乎永远也考不及格。六、运用某些结构表达否定意义1.too.to 太而不能He is too tired to walk. 他太累了，走不动了。2.more A than B(与其B不如A)或more than +含有can的从句例如：The young man is more brave than wise. 这年轻人有勇无谋。The gratitude for your help is more than I can express. 对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿(喜欢)而不愿，例如：He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them. 他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。七、运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义1.动词短语表否定意义，如：differ from 与不同prefer.to. 喜欢而不喜欢keep/prevent/stop/protect . from 阻止，使