人教版高一下英语情态动词强化.doc

高一必修英语下册情态动词强化过关高考考查知识点：Modal Verbs 1 had better should ought tohad better: had better 固定词组，意为“最好”，常用一般式。E.g 1.Youd better get some rest. 2. Wed better stop now. 3. You better say yes if they ask you this question.(有时可以省略had)should : should 表义务，意为“应该”、“应当”。 E.g、You should do what your parents tell you. 、He should look for a job, but he doesnt want to. 、How should I know? 、I suggest that you should stay here till your teacher comes.should （考点1） should 用于完成时中的肯定句(should +have+ done )，表本该做而未做的动作。E.g 1. He looks so ill. He should have stayed at home. should 用于完成时中的否定句（shouldnt +have +done），表本不应该做而做了的动作。E.g1. They shouldnt have left the classroom. EX. With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. ( )A. mustnt go B shouldnt go C.could have gone D.shouldnt have goneshould （考点2） should 表推测时，暗含可能性很大。The film should be very good because it has first-class actors. should 可用在某些从句中，表虚拟语气。（本期将会深入介绍）1、I suggest that you (should) obey the rules in your new company. 2、I advise that you finish your homework without any help from your classmates.ought to： ought to 用于表想必会、“应该”(语气比should 强，但较must 弱)：1. They ought to be there by now.他们想必已到那儿了。2.He ought to stop smoking.他最好不要抽烟了。 多数情况下，ought to可与should互换使用。 ought to的反意疑问句用shouldnt替代。 EX. You ought to have helped him with his English, _ you ?A. wont you B. ought not you C. shouldnt you D. wouldnt you比较had better, should & ought to 三者均表建议，意为“应该”，“应当”或“最好做”. 三者的语气程度为渐强。 had better指一般性建议，最弱。 should&ought to含义相近，常可互换。区别在于，ought to常指特殊情况下的“应当”。should则指一般情况。Eg:1、You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.(语气强，有命令意味。)2、 You should have a rest after finishing your sports.（一般性建议）3、 You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house. 4、 He should take care of the babies tonight.Modal Verbs 2 must can/could may/mightmust: must 1. 表义务，意为“必须”。（主观意志）Eg:1. We must do everything step by step.2. Being a student, you must try your best to pass the exams.3. You are an adult, you must take the responsibilities to your behaviors. 4. I must go now as my boyfriend is waiting for me outside.must （考点1）Must we hand in our homework now? -No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to. 对must的问句，肯定回答用must或have to, 而否定回答一般不用mustnt，因为mustnt表示禁止，用neednt或dont have to，意思是“不必”。 1. In the classroom, you must not smoke. 2. -Must I leave now? -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must （考点2） 2. must 表推断或揣测。意为“想必，一定，准是。” 且只用于肯定句。Eg: 1. He must be ill, because he looks so pale.2. You must be tired after your long walking.3. Look! He is driving such a good car, he must have earned a large amount of money abroad. 4. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.have to: have to 表客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”eg: 1. I have to get the station early to catch the first train.2. We missed the bus so we had to walk home.3. We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.have to （考点） have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时: We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 一般现在时: I have to take more money with me because I have so many gifts to buy. 一般过去时:Eg: Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.比较must & have to must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。 must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。 I told her that she must give up smoking. She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.”情态动词must,can/could,may/might 表推测 1 肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），could/might（也许，或许） 语气程度依次减弱，即，must为十分肯定，may把握不大，might/could可能性很小: must may might/could might/could并非过去时态，只是语气较委婉，或因说话者认为可能性小而不敢肯定的一种手法。情态动词表推测（考点1） 肯定句中对当前行为、状态的推测句型。must/may/could+do/beeg: He must come from Africa. 肯定句中对此时此刻正在进行动作的推测。must/may/could+be doingeg: The student may be still waiting for his teacher in the office. 肯定句中对过去发生的事情的推测。must/may/could+have doneEg: 1. They may have finished the work yesterday, because I saw them shopping in the supermarket.情态动词表推测（考点2） 在否定句中can not/ could not 或may not/might not表推测: Eg: 1. Its snowing outside. He cant be on the playground.2. The classroom cant have been cleaned by Tom, because I saw him playing football at that time yesterday. 情态动词表推测（考点3） 在疑问句中，常用can表示“可能”。1. Who can it be?2. How can he solve such a hard work?3. I lost touch with him for many years, where can you find his address? 情态动词表推测（考点4）1. He must be reading, isnt he?2. You must do it yourself, dont you?3. He may have gone over the article, hasnt he?4. It may have rained last night, didnt it ?Modal Verbs 3 can be able tocan & be able to 同与异:二者表示能力，泛指能力(具有知识、技巧、本领而能读书、游泳、说英语，踢足球等) Eg: I could / was able to swim well when I was only ten. 如果指过去具体某时或某个场合能(设法)做到某事: succeeded in doing sth./managed to do sth.),在否定句中两者都可用, Eg: We had a holiday yesterday, but couldnt / werent able to go to the seaside. 在肯定陈述句和疑问句中,只能用be able to: Eg: 1. He didnt agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.2. How many children was he able to save from the flood?Modal Verbs 4 shall need dare will/would/used to shall 考点: 1）用于第一人称表将来。Eg: I shall go to work after I have finished school.2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。Shall he come in? Come in, please.3）用于二、三人称肯定句，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.need 情态动词与实义动词比较:need “必需” “需要” ; - Must I be here before 9 oclock ? - No, you neednt. (不能说: No, you mustnt.) - Need I be here before 9 oclock? - Yes, you must. (不能说: Yes, you need.) 注意: 1) need作情态动词, 不能用于肯定陈述句, 在陈述句中, 应该用need的实义动词表达.Eg: 1. You need to be here before 9 oclock.( 陈述句)(不能说: You need be here before 9 oclock.)2) 回答Must/Need开头的问句, 不能说:Yes, you need./No, you mustnt.dare (过去式 dared) “敢于”eg: 1. He dare not go into the building even in the daytime.2. How dare you ask me such a question?3. If you dare say that again, you shall be punished.注意: dare作情态动词时,不能用于肯定陈述句中(if条件句除外). 在肯定陈述句中, 要用dare的实义动词来表达 “敢于”.在实义动词dare的否定句中,可以省去后面的to.dare (过去式 dared) “敢于”不能说: He dare go into the building in the dark night.正确： He dares to go into the building in the dark night.正确： He doesnt dare (to ) tell us the truth.表示习惯性动作或状态 will 指现在 “往往” 、“总是” 、“就会”Fish will die out of water.Hell talk for hours if you give the chance. would 指过去 “常常” “总是” (表动作的重复) 比较: used to 指过去 “常常” “总是” (表动作的变化：暗示现在不再如此)Eg: 1. She would / used to stand and talk with her neighbors in front of the house as she had breakfast. 2. His father used to smoke ago, but he doesnt now. will (过去式would)用于各种人称,表示意愿 , 意志: eg: 1 . I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it.2. I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen. 情态动词 + 完成式动词 (指过去的动作或情况): 1may / might have done sth. 可能做过(了)某事 /过去本可以做某事2cant / couldnt have done sth. 不可能做了某事/过去本不能做某事3must have done sth. 过去一定/准是做了某事4neednt have done sth. 过去本不必做某事(实际上已做)5could have done sth. 过去本可以/能做某事 (实际上没做)/过去可能做了某事6should have done sth. 过去本应做某事 (实际上没做)7ought to have done sth. 过去本应做某事 (实际上没做)8shouldnt have done sth.本不应做某事 (实际上已做)9oughtnt to have done sth. 本不应做某事 (实际上已做) 1、了解情态动词的完成式用法：（一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94)A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out例2：I was really anxious about you , you_home without a word. (NMET2001) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave （二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做cant have done不可能做例1：-Where is my pen? - I _it.(NMET88)A. might lose B. wouldnt have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost例2：The light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed.A. mustnt have goneB. must have goneC. shouldnt have gone D. cant have gone析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填cant have gone 。(三）could have done：指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩 Eg: You could at least have sent five cards.2、熟悉情态动词委婉用法： could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you_.A. mightB. will(高考重点) C. canD. should析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.例2：_you mind my smoking here?A. ShouldB Could C. MightD. Would析：选D。征求对方意见：我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式：would you mind？来征求对方意见。3、弄清情态动词的异化现象：有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。 例1：-Must I start at once? No, you_.A. needntB. mustntC. cantD. wont析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。例2：-Need I hand in my exercise book at once? Yes, you_.A. must B. need C. canD. will析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式neednt。例1：-_I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. I have told him already.(NMET94)A. ShallB. WillC. CanD. May析：选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。例2：_you please help me with my English? A. WouldB. DoC. ShallD. Can析：A。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意 ”之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用would。5、注意下列细节：1、情态动词可表示某一特定的语气或态度： can表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句）How can you be so careless? may可以表示祈使句，表示祝愿。May we never forget each other. /May you success. Why/How should结构表示说话人对某事不理解、感到意外、等意思，常译为“竞会”。How should I know?2、shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、许诺或威胁。 You shall have the book when I finish it. 3.cannot/cannevertoo/enou- gh表示“无论如何、也不过分” “越、越好”: You cannot be too careful. 4、cannot but+do sth.表示“不得不，只好”： I could not but choose to go. 5、may well/may as well. 前者为“完全能、很可能”=to be likely to He may well be proud of his son.后者为“最好，满可以”=had better You may as well stay here over the night. 注意区分情态动词否定式表达含义：或许不may not; might not 不可能cant 不能够cant 不许可may not; cant;mustnt 不必neednt 不应该shouldnt; oughtnt to课堂小测高考考题:( )1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must ( )2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost( )3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep.A.must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( )4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been ( )5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. could( )1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A.cant B. couldnt C.may not D. might not( )2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A.had to B. would C.could D. was able to( )3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to( )5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B.will C. can D. should( )6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. can( )7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( )8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A.wont; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt;must D. cant ; shouldnt( )9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C.I neednt D. I wont( )10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _.A. No, you neednt B. Not, please.C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont ( )1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would( )2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, .A. you shouldnt B.you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt( )3. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would not have attended( )4. We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had betterB. would better C. would ratherD. had rather( ) 5. There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom?A. can B. must C. should D. ought to( )6. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may notC. should not D. dont have to( )1.May I sit beside you, sir? - No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt ( )2.- _ I speak to Mary, please? -Sorry, she_ come to the phone because she isnt in.A. Might; wont B. Cant; mustnt C. May; cant D. Couldnt; shouldnt( )1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he_ not. He likes driving his car. (02高考）A. must B. can C. need D. may( )2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考题） A. can B.will C. may D. shall( )3.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (02京高考） -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be( )3. - I want to know if I _ smoke here. - No, you_ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?A. can; neednt B. must; cant C. shall; wont D. may; mustnt( )4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D. has to( )5. - _ you pass me the English magazine, please?- Sure. Here you are. A.Could B. Need C. Must D. Might( )6. -Must I go to work with you? - No, you_. Linda _ go with me.A. mustnt; can B. cant; has to C. darent; should D. neednt; may( )7. - _ I tell Mary the test results? - No, you_. Shes already got the score. A. Will; wont B. Shall; neednt C. May; mustnt D. Can; dont( )8. You _ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights arent working.A. might B. ought to C. could D. may( )9. -Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course you_.A. will B. should C. can D. need( )10. Joan_ come with us this afternoon, but she isnt very sure yet. A. can B. may C. must D. will( )11. I _ ask you the question because I think I _ be wrong.A.darent; must B. mustnt; can C. neednt; may D. cant; should( )12. Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. can( )13. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to( )14.-What do you think of this answer? -I dont think it _ be right.A. should B. might C. must D. can( )15. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _. He likes driving his car.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. mustnt( )16. He doesnt have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, _ you?A. dont B. havent C. havent got D. cant( )17. You_ wake me up when I fall asleep, _ you?A. havent better; have B. would not rather; would C. had better not; should D. had not better; must( )18. -Why! I couldnt get you on the phone this morning. - We _ tennis in the yard when you phone me.A.could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played( )19. - We didnt see him at the lecture. - Neither did anybody else. He _ it.A. may not have attended B. mustnt attend C. cant have attended D. couldnt attend( )20. -I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan. -Really? You _ have come by bus.A. could B. must C. may D. should( )21. - Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall? - I cant remember it well, but _ it have been sometime last May?A. should B. must C. could D. would( )22. -I wonder why Mr Lin didnt come to work. - He_ have been ill.A. neednt B. should C. might D. can( )23. -No one passed the mathematics examination today. -I guess we _ the exercise last night.A.could review B. should review C.might review D.should have reviewed( )24. She_ the hospital so soon, for she hasnt yet recovered.A.wouldnt have left B. shouldnt have left C. neednt leave D. hadnt left( )25. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I _ all the