英语中考语法总复习十一、动词不定式.doc

动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。（但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。第一节 知识点概述一、动词不定式的特征及用法1.动词不定式的构成及特征动词不定式是一种非限定动词to “to +动词原形”构成动词不定式也是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1. 作主语例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用forIt is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.2. 作表语My wish is to become a teacher.3. 作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4. 作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5. 作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6. 作状语He stopped to have a look.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形构成例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. （不定式作宾语） (2) How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语） (3) The question is when to go there. （不定式作表语）二、动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，有不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式to do例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing例如：He seems to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被动式to be done例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成的被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.第二节 实战演练一、例题选讲例1_ is one thing, _ is quite another.ATo say, to doBSay, doCSaid, didDTo say, do答案：A提示：用动词不定式作主语。例2Ill try _ the same mistakes again.Ato not makeBnot makeCnot to makeDnot making答案：C提示：动词不定式的否定形式为not to + 动词原形 “try not to do sth.”意思为“尽力不做某事”。 try to do 努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事,试试看能不能成功try not doing sth - 尝试不做某事dont try doing sth- 不要尝试做某事例3Its too hard _ it by himself.Anot to doBto doCthat I doDdoing答案：B提示：“too to”是太 而不能的意思。例4I have nothing _ (send) you.答案：to send提示：不定式短语to send you在这里做定语修饰nothing例5They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.答案：to work提示：在主动语态中make要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中make后的不定式须带to例6No one knows what _ (do) next.答案：to do提示：动词不定式和疑问词连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作宾语。二、复习时需要注意的要点1动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。例如： saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生） I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）2不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在位于动词之前发生。例如：Im sorry to have broken your glasses.3不定式进行式表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.4不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.The cinema is said to have been built last year.不定式省to有四种情况： 使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走! would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。 Why. / why not.后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢? 感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟！ 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night. 不定式的特殊用法： It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。 如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。 如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。 还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I dont know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?too.to.和enou