高三语法复习之ONE——冠词.docx

第一节 冠词 一、冠词知识点: 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a pen, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old bike, an hour, an interesting story等。the是定冠词。 元音音素前用an(记住:是元音音素,不是元音字母). 如/ei/是元音音素,a是元音字母. 有时元音字母发的是元音,前面就用an,有时不发元音,就要用a. 如an apple 一个苹果 an orange 一个橘子 an egg 一个鸡蛋 an important news 一条重要的新闻 an ugly girl 一个丑陋的女孩 但: an hour 一小时 因为h不发音,所以该词以/au/元音开头,故用an a university 一所大学 因为u发的音是/ju/,不是元音,故用a（一）、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, mass of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 （二）、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). （三）、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students. I like reading stories. 4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。 Today is New Years Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Womens Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Whats the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor. 6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如： She goes to school after breakfast every morning. We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8、科目前不加。如： We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】： 1、 We cant live without air. Aan B Cthe Dsome 2、Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. Aa; the Bthe; the Cthe; a Da; a 3、Ive been waiting for him for hour and half. A; Bthe; a Ca; the Dan; a 4、What fine weather we have today! Aa B Csome Dan 5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one? Aa tree Bsuch tree Can tree Dtree 6、Children usually go to school at age of six. A; the Ba; an Cthe; Dthe; the 7、 Himalayas is highest mountain in world. A; the; BThe; the; the CA; a; a D; 8、They each have _book. Li Huas is about writer. Wang Lins is on science. Aa; a; Bthe; ; the C; the; Da; the; a 9、 Physics is science of matter and energy. AThe; B; C; the DA; a 10、 sun rises in east and sets in west. AA; an; a BThe; CThe; the; the DA; the; a 11、Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. Aa; Bthe; an Cthe; the D; the a knowledge of sth 是固定用法指对于某事的掌握12、 _Mr. Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad temper. A;a BA; CThe; the DA; a 一个叫琼斯的先生打电话给你了，当时你出去了，他有一个坏脾气，不定冠词放在姓名前表示某一的意思，a Mr. Jones表示有一个叫琼斯先生的人，in a bad temper表示坏脾气的意思13、They were at dinner then. It was delicious one. Aa; the B; C;a Da; a 14、what kind of car do you want to buy? A Bthe Ca Dan 15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music固定短语，听音乐. A; the B; Cthe; Dthe; the 16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. Athe; B; the C; Dthe; the 指得是宇航员所能看到的那些星星（我们知道整个宇宙中有太多的星星），所以应该是限定（或特指）的，要加定冠词the。后一空可以看作是习惯的，也可以看作是一个抽象的太空或空间，不应该加冠词17（09安徽） We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. 2 A. a; a B. a; the 21世纪教育网 C. the; a D. the; the 21世纪教育网 18.（09北京） The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 19.（09江西） Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 21世纪教育网 20.（09海南） Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a 21.（09陕西） What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the 22.（09四川） In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. 21世纪教育网 A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 21世纪教育网 23.（09浙江）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 24.（09重庆） Washing machines made by China have w