宾语从句直间接引语(讲解及练习).doc

Chengdu Knice English The Objective Clause 1.句型：主句+连词+宾语从句2.宾语从句在句子中充当主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that （可省），whether/if (是否), what, which, who, when, where, how, whyeg. He knew (that) he should study hard. Can you tell me whether you like your new flat or not? They wonder=want to know if/whether a lot of visitors will rush to this city. Can you tell me which class you are in? He asks me where I went last week. .= He asks me where to go last week. My daughter asked me what she could do with the naughty cat. = My daughter asked me what_ _to_ _do with the naughty cat.3.注意事项：宾语从句的考查主要考语序和时态两个考点。（1）从句语序：陈述语气 （2）时态原则上应与主句一致：（主为现，从不变；主为过，从须换。）主句是现在或将来时，从句时态可任何时态主句是一般过去时，从句应用与之相应的过去有关时态（特殊情况除外）。 Direct speech and Indirect speechDirect speech: He says, “I am an honest man.”Indirect speech: He says (that) he is an honest man. 直接引语变间接引语需注意的问题：1. 人称需一致：一主二宾三不变。 The teacher says , “ My child is in hospital. The teacher says (that) his child is in hospital.2. 连词的运用引语里的句子是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连词that(可省)；如果是Y/N question或者Tag question 应使用连词if/ whether, double question一般只用whether作引导词；如果是特殊疑问句（W-/H-开头问句），就用原来的w-/h-疑问词作转述引导词。eg. We ask our teacher, “Do you love us?” We ask our teacher _ _ loves _. The boss says, “I work for pleasure.” The boss says (_) _ works for pleasure.3. 语序引语里的句子是陈述句（含以who或者有些what开头作主语的问句），变为间接引语语序不变；但如果是疑问句时，语序要变为陈述句语序, 换句话说，在间接引语中，句子语序始终是陈述句语序。eg. He asks Tom, “Do you study hard?” He asks Tom_ _ _ hard. My friend asks me, “Where do you usually spend your holiday?” My friend asks me_ _ usually spend _holiday.4. 时态的一致间接引语中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时及一般将来时)，改为间接引语时，时态不作改变。-主为现，从不变。间接引语中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过时，过去进行时、过去完成时），变为间接引语时，引语的时态应改为相应的过去时态，几种特殊形式除外。-主为过，从须换。 do/does -did am/is/are doing -was/were doingam/is/are going to do- was/were going to do will/shall do -would dohave/has done - had done did- had doneeg. 1). He asks me, “ Who lives here?” He asks me _ _ _. 2). He asked me, “Who lives here?” He asked me _ _ there. 3). Tim told his wife, “ I will fly to New York with my secretary.” Tim told his wife (_) _ _ _ to New York with _ secretary.4). He asked us, “ Did you travel anywhere?” He asked us _ _ _ _anywhere .5). Mum asked me, “What are you doing now ?” Mum asked me _ _ _ _ then. 注：如果直接引语中的内容是客观真理，时态就不改变；直引中和转述词为当天转述，时态就不改变；直引中有具体的过去时间年月日等，时态就不改变； 直引中含when, since, why等表示过去时间的句子，时态就不改变；直引中表示明确经常性、习惯性动作，时态就不改变；如果直引中和转述是在当地转述，直引中here, bring, come不需要转述为there, take, go. Our teacher told us, “The earth runs around the sun.”Our teacher told us (that) the earth _ around the sun.5 时间的一致直接引语改为间接引语时，如果主句是现在时， 时间不作改变，如果主句是过去时，引语里出现的时间应作相应的改变:now- then just now - just thentoday- that day tonight -that night this morning/ week /year - that morning/ week /yearnext week/ month/ year - the next week/month/yeartomorrow - the next day the day after tomorrow - two days later/in two days (two days time) yesterday- the day before the day before yesterday- two days before last week/ month/ year- the week/ month/ year before3 days/ months/years ago - 3days/ months/ years before 6. 还有些其它词也需作变动：指代：this -that these - those 方位：here-there 情态动词：can-could must-had to/must will-would shall-should may-might动词：come- gobring-take 转述词： said to sb. told sb. (陈述句、祈使句) /said to sb. asked sb. (疑问句、祈使句)7. 主句动词的改变如果主句用的say to, 引语为陈述句时，应将之改为tell , 引语为疑问句时，应将say/say to 改为askeg: The policeman said to the driver, “You drive too fast.” The policeman _ the driver (_) _ _ too fast. The man said to his son, “When are you going to work hard?” The man _ his son _ _ _ going to work hard. 8， 引语是祈使句时 当引语是祈使句时， 应将整个句子变为： tell/ask/ order （后两个引语语气强烈时用) (not )to do The teacher said to his students, “Bring these books to school tomorrow please.” The teacher _ his students _ _ _ books to school _ _ _. The headmaster said to all the teachers, “Dont smoke in this classroom.” The headmaster _ all the teachers _ _ _ in _ classroom.Put the following into reported speech1. “Shall I be in time for the train if I start at 8? “ She asked me _.2. “Why is your mother driving so fast?” He asked me _.3. “Can I make you a cup of coffee?” He asked her_.4. “Leave the room quietly.” He told me _.5. “You neednt come in tomorrow.” Said my employer.6. “I will go abroad tomorrow.” Said he.7. “I have been here twice.” Tom told us.8. “ I will help you go there next week,” He promised.9. “She is drawing a picture when I see her.” He told me.10. The teacher told us: “The earth moves around the sun.”11. “Have you crossed the desert?” the boy asked him.12. “Sandys spent all his pocket-money.” Sue told mother.13. “I will go for a trip with my parents this week.” The child said.14. “Please come to my birthday party tomorrow.” He invited me.15. Father told mother, “I rode a horse last week.”16. The teacher told the boy to take th