新目标英语九年级Unit9.doc

被动语态 被动语态的构成。被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化来表现的。现以实义动词do 为例讲述被动语态在各个时态中的构成。时态构成例句一般现在时态am/is /are doneHe is asked a question by his teacher.一般过去时态was/were done I think the telephone was invented before the car.一般将来时态shall / will be done A new school will be built in my hometown next year.现在进行时态am /is /are being doneA teaching building is being built in our school.情态动词情态动词 be done The flowers should be watered often.要诀：被动语态be 字变，过去分词跟后面。 被动语态的用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：The shop was robbed last night. 昨晚商店被抢劫了。(不知道谁是动作的执行者)The book is written for children. 这本书是为孩子们写的。(没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 强调的是动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，用被动语态。The window wasnt broken. 那窗户没有被打破。(需要强调动作的承受者)顺口溜：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者须强调，被动语态用的到。 主动语态变被动语态的方法： 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)，其中be的时态和主动语态的时态要一致。 把主动语态中的主语变成被动语态的宾语。如：My brother bought me a new dictionary yesterday.A new dictionary was bought by my brother yesterday.Well discuss the problem tomorrow.The problem will be discussed by us tomorrow. 注意：变化时要注意“数”(助动词要与新的主语保持单复数的一致)和“格”(人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格)。如：He has written some English words. Some English words have been written by him. 顺口溜：宾变主，主这宾，by 短语后面跟。谓变be done 时不变，数、格有时要变换。 特殊情况下的被动语态： 主动句中若有两个宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，变为被动语态时，只将其中的一个宾语变为被动句的主语。一般情况下，往往把指人宾语(即间接宾语)变为被动句中的主语，而把直接宾语留作被动句的宾语。如果把主动句的直接宾语变为主语，则间接宾语前常常要有介词，一般是for或to,常用to 的动词有give, tell, send, lend, show, pass, hand等。常用for的动词有：borrow, make, buy 等。如：Tom gave her a present. She was given a present by Tom.(间接宾语作主语)A present was given to her by Tom. (直宾语作主语) 主动句中若有复合宾语(即宾语和宾语补足语)，变为被动语态时，只能将复合宾语中的逻辑主语(即句子的宾语)变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语不能作被动语态的主语。如：They find Chinese very important. Chinese is found very important (by them).The teacher asked us to do our homework in time.We were asked to do our homework in time by the teacher. 在主动语态中, make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel, notice等使役动词或感官动词后接动词不定式作宾语时要省略动词不定式符号to，但在被动语态中需加上to. 如：The boss made the workers work for twelve hours. The workers were made to work for twelve hours.Tom saw a boy enter a shop. A boy was seen to enter a shop. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢去构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。如：look at, listen to, take away, look after, take care of 如： The young should speak to the old politely. The old should be spoken to politely by the young. 主动形式表示被动含义： 有的动词的主动形式