动词第一讲情态动词.doc

苏菲国际英语工作室 Sophie International English Studio 十年英语沉淀 六载教学累积动 词 第 一 讲 情态动词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词分类：动词有四类。助动词情态动词联系动词行为动词（实义动词） 及物动词不及物动词一 情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。1、can, could（1）表示能力。译成“能，能够”如：Rose can speak English now, but she couldnt a week ago.be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时.be able to 可用于任何时态。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.They will be able to finish the drawing soon. 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互换。如：She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.(2)can (could) 表示请求或征求对方意见，译成“可以”，是一种委婉语气，一般用在疑问句中与第二人称连用时。虽然could是can的过去式，但是could 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别，回答以could开头的疑问句只能用can。如：-Could you lend me your pen?-Yes, I can.（3）表示推测，译成“可能”如：It cant be John. He has gone to UK.2、may/might(1)表示许可,翻译成“可以”might。要特别注意：回答以might,开头的疑问句只能用may, 如：-Might I borrow your book?-Yes, you may（2）表示推测，翻译成“可能，也许”,might比may表达的可能性更小。如：They may have killed the enemies.3、must(1)表示必须、必要，翻译成“必须” must和have to都有“必须” 含义，一般情况下可互换。如：You must / have to finish the work.但他们有如下区别：must 表示说话人的主观看法；have to 表示客观需要。如：I must have a talk with him.He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt） 否定式mustnt 表示禁止，意为“不准，不可以做”；dont have to 意为“不必”。如：You mustnt hit her.You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.（2）表示推测，翻译成“一定”。must 表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.4、shall(1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？(2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5.should(1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。(2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。6.ought to(1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。(2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。7.will(1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。(2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？(3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open. 这门打不开。8.would(1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。(2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。(3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。9. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usednt (=didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。Used you (=Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？10、need双重身份(need与dare的用法相同)need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。need用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 （1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。a).用于疑问句：Need sb do sth ?：eg:Need I .? Yes , you must / No, you neednt . Need we finish the work today ?Yes you _? A.need B.can C. may D.mustb).用于否定句：need + do sth . 变否定句：neednt do sth（2).用作实义动词a).need + to do sth . 变否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt +need to do sth . You dont need to do it yourself.变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ? Yes , do/ does / did No, sb dont / doesnt /didnt .b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .The table needs painting . =The table needs _ _ _ .11. can 和be able to都有“能够”的含义1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。He could across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。情态动词练习1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask2. There _ some flowers in the garden.A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having3. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _.A. Could .couldnt B. Might.might notC. Could.can D. May.cant4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself.A. may B. might C. will D. might have5. You _ those letters. Why didnt you ?A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can8. Need we do this job now?Yes, _.A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can9. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. may B. must C. can D. might11. -Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may12. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. can C. may D. will13. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. needntB. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.A. may B. might C. can D. could15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare sayingC. not dare say D. dared say16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left.A. may B. must C. can D. need17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week.A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C情态动词专项练习题1. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed2. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got3. - There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out5. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost6. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been7. Tom ought not to _ me your secret but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told8. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried9. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give10. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given11. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken12. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented13. If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeed C. should succeed D. would have succeeded14. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not15. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to16. - Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt17. - Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course, you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should18. Children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television. A. used to read ; enjoying B. used to read ; enjoyed C. were used to reading ; enjoy D. were used to read ; enjoying19. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might20. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt21. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say22. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will23. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may24. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can25. Johnny, you _ play with the knife; you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt26. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need27. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might28. I didnt see her in the meeting this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt29. Susan _ written a report like this. A. can have B. mustnt have C. cant have D. ought to not have30. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C