学生英语代词及其用法.doc

1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们) 二、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，往往用在动词或介词后面。 例：1.Listen to me,Dad. 2.Peter is sitting behind me. 3.Let me got here now. 4.Give me an orange,please. 三、you既是你或你们的主格，又是它们的宾格；her既是她的所有格，又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。 四、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思，但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语，也可以是人称代词的宾格，而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。 如：You and I are going to school. You are going to school with me. 五、人称代词的主格和宾格 单数形式：I-me,you-you,he-him,she-her,it-it(共5对) 复数形式：we-us,you-you,they-them(共3对) 六、人称代词在句中的作用 1)主格作主语。如： I am Chinese.我是中国人。 2)宾格作宾语，放在及物动词或介词之后，有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如： I dont know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语) Whats wrong with it?它怎么了？(介词宾语) -Open the door,please. Its me.请开门，是我。(表语) 七、人称代词并列用法的排列顺序 1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称-第三人称-第一人称 即：you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I 2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称-第二人称-第三人称 即：we and you;you and they;we，you and they 为帮助同学们理解和掌握英语人称代词，请记住下面的口诀： 人称代词分主/宾，只有八对要区分。 你(们)、它主/宾同一形，其余主/宾须分清。 谓语之前主格填，动/介之后宾格跟， 口语运用最灵活，表语也可用宾格。 人称代词并列现，注意顺序礼貌见， 二一、三一、二三一，第一人称最谦虚， 若把错误责任担，第一人称须当先。 3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)1）. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能用作定语,后面必须跟名词。例如： Is that your bike? 那是你的自行车吗? 2）. 如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词，就不能再用冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等修饰词了。例如： 这是他的书桌。 误：This is his a desk. 正：This is his desk. 3）. 与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如：his English books他的英语书，their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友。 4）. 汉语中经常会出现我妈妈，你们老师等这样的语言现象，虽然代词用的是我、你们，但实际意义仍是我的、你们的，所以在英译时，注意要用形容词性物主代词my,your。例如： 你妈妈在家吗? 误：Is you mother at home? 正：Is your mother at home? 5）. its与its读音相同，hes与his读音相似，但使用时需注意它们的区别(its和hes分别是it is和he is的缩略形式，但its 和his 却是形容词性物主代词) 。例如： Its a bird. Its name is Polly. 它是一只鸟。它的名字叫波利。 Hes a student. His mother is a teacher. 他是一名学生。他妈妈是一位教师。 6）、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小4.名词所有格的构成 1）. A 表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。例如：mens room 男厕所 / Chairman Maos works 毛主席著作 / a miles distance 一英里的距离 / a stones throw 一步之遥 / the moons light 月光 B但如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾，则只在该名词后加 来构成所有格。例如：3 hours walk 三小时的路程 / five minutes walk 五分钟路程 / two miles distance 两英里的距离 C 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个s，则表示“共有”。例 Johns and Marys room(两间)John and Marys room(一间) D作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s。例 an hour and a halfs walk （步行一个半小时的路程）E. 不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。例 somebody elses bag2）. 用名词所有格表示处所 肉铺叫a butchers shop ，但通常略写为a butchers 。类似情况下的shop, house, office都可以省略：a tailors裁缝铺 / a barbers理发店 / a doctors诊所 / my sisters我姐姐的家 / stationers文具店 / Chaplins卓别林的家使用名词所有格须注意: 凡不能加“s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系。例 the title of the song 歌的名字一般地说， s 所有格多用于有生命的东西，of 所有格多用于无生命的东西例如 the bottom of the sea5、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)Practice一 完成下列表格：Iyoutheymehimherusmyitsmineyoursitstheirs二 根据提示填空：1 _(我) am a teacher.2 _(他) often plays basketball after school.3 This is _(我的) book. That is_. (他的)4 Please pass_(我们) the ball.5 This is not my shirt. Its _. (她的)6 My ruler is long. _ (你的) is short.7 _(我们) buy a pair of shoes for _(她).8 _(他们的) teacher is good. _(你们的)is good too.9 Our chair is better than _ ( they).10 I will give the presents to_(they).11 These books are_(I), and those are_(you).12 _ like _ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。13 Who is there? Its _. 是谁啊？是我。14 _ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。15 I want to buy some balloons for _. 我想买些气球送给他。 三 单选1 He is cleverer than _. He can do it better than _ do.A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine2 Look, the chair has lost one of _ legs.A. his B. her C. its D. its3 Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _.A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, she4. I want to finish it _ .I wont ask for help.A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves 5 Jims watch is much newer than _.A. hers B. she C. her D. herself 6 Who taught you English last year?Nobody taught me . I taught _.A. you B. myself C. her D. me7. She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ .A. I B. me C. my D. mine9. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ .A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself10 We bought _ a present, but _ didnt like it. A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they人称代词，物主代词练习题一、用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isintheeastofAsia. ( its )3.Whatdayis_today?_isThursday. (its)5.Iownabluebike.Theredoneisnt_. ( I )6.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.(them )7.Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didnt_? ( them )8.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimaryschool._brother liveswith_andhelps_with_ lessons. ( she )9.Mikeismyclassmate._isgoodatEngliush. ( his )10.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_? ( she )11.Whatstheweatherliketoday?_iscloudy. ( its )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.Iateall_sandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof_? ( you )2.Georgehaslost_ ( his )pen.AskMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim_. ( she )3.JackhasadogandsohaveI._(he)dogand_( I )hadafight (打架).4.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof_( he )5.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof_arecomingtoseeus. ( they )6.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof_. (we )7.Thisisnt_knife._isgreen. ( she )8.Theseareyourbooks Kate.Put_inthedesk，please.(they )9._mustlookafter_things. ( you )10.WeiFang，isthat_ruler?Yes，its.( you )11.Theywantafootball.Give_thegreenone，please. ( they)12.ItsLinTaosbag.Giveitto_. ( he )13.Isthispencil-boxLiLeis?No，_isverynew. ( he )14.Thisboxistooheavy.Icantcarry_.( it )Dontworry，Let_( I )help_. ( you)15._isaboy_nameisMike.Mikesfriendslike_verymuch. ( he )16.Mysisterisin_room._isateacher. ( she )17.Janeisalittlegirl._motherisanurse. ( she )18.Wearein_classroom._classroomisbig. ( we)19.Myfatherandmotherareteachers._arebusy ( them)20.Youareapupil.Is_brotherapupil,too? ( you )三.从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_(they，them，their，theirs)away.2.(We，Us，Our，Ours)_EnglishteacherisMrs.Green.Wealllike_(she，her，hers).3.(I，Me，My，Mine)_cantgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_(I，me，my，mine)?4.Tomcantgetdownfromthetree.Canyouhelp_(he，him，his)?5.Wecantfindourbikes.Canyouhelp_(we，us，our，ours)?6.Theseare_(he，him，his)planes.Thewhiteonesare_(I，me，mine).四、用括号中的适当形式填空1 Arethese_（you）pencils?Yes,theyare_（our）.2 Whoseisthispencil? Its_（I）.3 Ilove_（they）verymuch.4 Sheis_（I）classmate.5 MissLioftenlooksafter_（she）brother.6 Arethese_（they）bags？No,theyarent_（their）.Theyare_（we）.五、选择填空.1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _. A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she3. Jims watch is much newer than _. A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4. Would you like _for super? A: something Chinese B：Chinese something C: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything5. _ piano is too old ,but she still liked pl