英译汉教学课件 主语的选择 身体部位短语.ppt

skills for translation,instructor: niu chunling course description: e-c translation,class outline,lead-in example (excerpt from bill clintons address at peking university) translation of the subject english: abstract nouns / lifeless beings chinese: concrete nouns / living beings lead-in activity (name a few specific chinese idioms) translation of the idioms concerning human body parts homework,一、主语的选择,in the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. everything i know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the chinese people and everything i have heard these last few days in my discussions with president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed. -by bill clinton,一、主语的选择,面对这些挑战，（我们）必须制定出培训和社会保障的新体系，推出保护环境的新政策和新技术，以便在促进经济增长的同时改进环境。我对中国人民智慧、独创性和开发精神的所见所闻，过去几天我和江主席和朱总理及其他人会谈中的所见所闻，给了我信心，相信你们定能成功。,一、主语的选择,英语和汉语在句子构成方面的一个重要差别，就是英语句子常用事物或抽象名词作主语，这种句式往往带有拟人化色彩，结构严谨，言简意赅；而汉语句子一般都用有生命的物体或具体名词作主语。两种语言对译时，常常要转换主语，因为原语主谓部分的搭配搬到译语中可能会显得诘屈聱牙，十分不自然。 the may fourth movement of 1919 saw the beginnings of the “new redology”, represented, by scholars such as hu shi and yu ping-bo. 1919年“五四”运动以后，开始了“新红学”时代，代表人物有胡适、余平伯这样一些学者。,一、主语的选择,the news that greeted us in guangzhou and our visit later to various places turned anxiety into joy. 通过在广州的见闻以及随后在各地的访问，我们的忧虑已化为喜悦。 3. the little chaps good-natured honest face won his way for him. 这小伙子长相老实，看上去脾气又好，（因此）到处有人缘。 4. his addition completed the list. 把他添上，名单就齐全了。 5. something inside me seemed to stop momentarily. 我顿时呆住了。 6. informed guesswork suggests that it could rise to over one hundred million tons next year. 熟悉情况的人猜测说，产量在下一年可能超过一亿吨。,一、主语的选择,his weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，他于是决心一碰到舒适的阴凉之处就坐下来休息。 8. its gleaming sands and backdrop of pine woods and distant hills give it a pleasant and restful atmosphere. 这儿沙滩闪烁，松林掩映，远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。 9. dawn met him well along the way. it was a pleasant uneventful ride. 在东方欲晓的时候，他早已走了一大段路了，这次骑马旅行是很愉快的，没有碰到意外事件。 eight hours sleep must be guaranteed. （人）必须保持八小时睡眠。 if things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost. （我们）弄得不好，会前功尽弃。 hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper and lead. 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜和铅。,一、主语的选择,age has weakened him, but his mind remained strong. 他虽然年迈体衰，但脑力依然健旺。 their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. 他们几乎爱讲什么讲什么，不顾及谨慎不谨慎。 business took me to town. 我因事进城去了。 there has been a meeting of minds. 大家取得了一致的看法。 foresight now tells us that travel to mars is not impossible. 如果把眼光放远些，我们可知去火星旅行是可能的。 some say fear and caution are now a part of their daily routine. 有人说他们现在总是提心吊胆地过日子。 such subtle flattery got him almost everything. 他溜须拍马的手段如此娴熟，使他得到几乎所有的东西。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,discuss with your partner for 3 minutes, and see if you can work on your memory and name as many chinese idioms concerning some human body parts. eg:额手称庆; 劈头盖脸 ；三头六臂 擦拳磨掌 抵掌而谈 扼腕抵掌 抚掌大笑 抚掌击节 孤掌难鸣 高掌远跖 股掌之上 烂若披掌 了如指掌 难鸣孤掌 如运诸掌 一个巴掌拍不响 易如反掌 鱼与熊掌 运之掌上 掌上观纹 掌上明珠 指掌可取,二、身体部位词语的翻译,狗嘴里吐不出象牙 虎口拔牙 含牙带角 金口玉牙 诘曲聱牙 锯牙钩爪 强嘴硬牙 磕牙料嘴 俐齿伶牙 磨牙吮血 雀角鼠牙 青面獠牙 犬牙交错 犬牙盘石 犬牙相错 犬牙鹰爪 鼠雀之牙 拾人牙慧 讪牙闲嗑 铁面枪牙 挑牙料唇 铁嘴钢牙 舞爪张牙 象牙之塔 牙白口清 咬定牙根 咬定牙关 牙签锦轴 咬牙恨齿 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 咬牙切齿 牙牙学语 泽吻磨牙 龇牙裂嘴 张牙舞爪,二、身体部位词语的翻译,我们平时说话或写文章，常常用一些比喻，以加强效果，在这些比喻用法中，有一些和我们日常生活甚至人体自身有关的习惯用语，更易为人们理解和掌握。这些习语言简意赅，使人产生一种形象的联想，达到鲜明生动的表达效果。 “hand”一词的翻译 手是hand，这个我们都知道。但在美国的口语中，这个单词还可以组成词组，从而产生新的意思。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,if you refuse to support the bosss proposal，youll be biting the hand that feeds you. 如果你不支持老板的建议，就等于恩将仇报。bite the hand that feeds one，意为恩将仇报。 2. i didnt want to play my ace of spades so soon，but sam forced my hand 我不想那么早就亮出黑桃a,可是萨姆逼得我非出不可。(在纸牌游戏中，force someones hand是指“迫使对手把他准备在紧要关头使用的牌提前亮出来”。) 3. the police hadnt planned to make any arrests, but the rioters forced their hand. 警察并没打算逮捕什么人但暴徒的行动迫使他们这样做了。force someones hand，意为“迫使某人行动”。 4. this is a serious problem. we must not act out of hand 这是一个严肃的问题，我们不能草率行动。out of hand，意为不假思索。 5. he thought he was an old hand at gaining the upper hand. 他认为自己是老手，能占上风。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,those who rule with an iron hand will surely get out of hand in the end. 那些铁腕统治者必将失去控制力。 we can see someones hand in this matter. obviously someone wants to weaken our hand. 我们发现有人插手此事，显然是想拆我们的台。 you dont know that he has an iron hand in a velvet glove 你不知道他外柔内刚 when the nurse who waits on the disabled hand and foot entered the hall, she get a big hand. 当那位无微不至照顾残疾人的护士进入礼堂时，受到鼓掌欢呼。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,“head”一词的翻译 i am light in the head and wont be in your skin. 我头脑清醒，才不相信你呢。 better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 宁为鸡口，毋为牛后。 it is fine to have made some achievements, but we mustnt let them go to our heads. 取得成绩固然好，但我们不能因此冲昏头脑。（有时也做喝酒上头讲。） she intended to drag the story by the head and ears into the conversation. 她硬把故事扯到谈话里。（也做粗暴地讲） heads i win, tails you lose. 正面我赢，反面你输。（无论怎样都不吃亏）,二、身体部位词语的翻译,when affairs came to a head, they had a head on their shoulders. 当事情到了危机关头，他们有办法。 he was involved in the scandal over head and ears. 他深深地卷入了丑闻中。（完全，全身） i suggest you get the head and front. 我建议你抓主要部分。 “heart” 和“mind”的翻译 从前，由于人们缺乏科学知识，认为“心脏”是灵魂、思维和感情的中枢，因此在很多语言中便出现与“心脏”有关的习语。而且常常与mind混用。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,an idea flashed across his mind. 他脑子里闪现过一个念头。 with the whole situation in mind, he tries to gain the public mind. 胸怀全局，他力求得到公众意见。 he has a sound mind in a sound body. 他身心健康。 he has a heart of gold and (a heart of) oak. 他是一个道德高尚，勇敢果断的人。 the boy lost his heart to a girl in his class but the love went to his heart. 男孩爱上了同班的一个女孩，但这份爱令他伤心。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,to cry ones heart out 伤心欲绝 to eat ones heart out 忧伤过度，因忧伤而消瘦 to pluck up ones heart 鼓起勇气 to take heart 振作精神 to have ones heart in the right place 好心好意,to have ones heart in the wrong place 心怀叵测 to wear ones heart on ones sleeves 开诚布公，过于直率，感情易激动 in ones heart of heart 在内心深处 to ones hearts content 尽情（吃喝、玩乐、歌唱） a mind reader 能猜出别人心思的人,二、身体部位词语的翻译,“face”一词的翻译 1. its no use to pull a long face; no one can help the fact that it is raining 愁眉苦脸是没有用的，天要下雨时任何人也不能叫它不下。 2. we must face up to our responsibilities and not to try to get out of them 我们要敢于承担责任，而不要推诿责任。 3. paul boasted that he was a good skater, but after he fell, he laughed on the other side of his face. 保罗夸口他溜冰很棒，可当他摔倒后，他很难为情。 4. left face! right face! about face! eyes right! eyes left!,二、身体部位词语的翻译,practice he lost his job and had no money. his back is to the wall. 他身处艰难境地。 he is an adult now and doesnt want his parents to worry about his back and belly any more. 他已是成人了，不想让父母再为他的衣食担心。 dont talk through the back of your neck. youd better work in a down-to-earth manner. 别吹牛了，你最好脚踏实地工作。 once the kids are outdoors, theyll kick up their heels. its dangerous in the streets. 孩子们一旦到户外，就会到处乱跑，在街上是很危险的。 i kicked my heels at the station but didnt see him. 我在车站等了很久，可没见到他。,二、身体部位词语的翻译,ann has a big mouth. you cant trust her with any secrets. 安是个大嘴/很多嘴，什么