王可全高考常考词汇分类记忆.doc

高考常考词汇分类记忆英语课题东平高级中学王可全一、名词分类（NMET 1995年）He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.1. 多作不可数名词，如：advice（忠告），art（艺术），beauty(美)；company（陪伴），damage（损坏），unemployment（失业），homework；housework，health（健康），harm（损害/伤害），equipment（设备），enthusiasm（热情），evidence(证据)；eyesight（视力），furniture（家具），fun (快乐)，global warming （全球变暖），progress（进步），scenery（风景），nature（自然），literature（文学），life（生活），luggage/baggage（行李），enthusiasm（热情），violence（暴力，暴行），welfare（福利），work（工作），unrest（动乱），thunder（雷），toast（吐司），treatment（治疗，处理），tourism（旅游业），transport（交通运输），terror（恐惧），staff（全体职工），luck，music，weather， soup，pressure（压力），insurance（保险），garbage（垃圾），laughter，traffic（交通），trade（贸易）；stress（压力），management（管理）；tension（矛盾；对立），thinking（思维），training（训练，培训），wildlife（野生动植物），wisdom（智慧）。2. 复数形式出现的名词:如：arms（武器）；airs(架子) ；belongings（财产）；congratulations，cheers；means（手段），news，goods，greens，irons（手铐）；manners，lines（台词）；ashes，glasses，greetings，jeans，properties(财产；性质；特性)，rags（破衣）；riches(财富) ；series（系列），scissors（剪刀），things(情况；形势)；trousers，affairs（事务），vegetables（蔬菜）；beddings（寝具）。3. 可与不定冠词连用的名词,如：a（an）pleasure/ fortune/honor/help/shock/shame（耻辱；可惜）/surprise/comfort(令人感到安慰的人和物）（2012,29）inspiration/danger/horror/reality/tendency/trend/invitation/introduction/satisfaction/success/failure/experience/beauty/cloth/service/glory/pity/pr-ivilege(特殊待遇；荣幸)/advantage/loan（贷款）/fund/pension（养老金）/increase/decrease/memory（记忆力）/rise/drop/fall/relief/interest/ coincidence（巧合）/reputation（名声）/favorite/bargain/deal（成交）/ hit（轰动一时的人或物）/concern(担忧)/fashion(时尚)。4. 常与定冠词连用的名词或短语（06山东）21. For him the stage is just a means of making a living.再如：the media（媒体）/Internet(08鲁)，the weather，the atmosphere，the universe，the sun/moon，the press（新闻界），the church(教会)；the public， the army，the navy，the country（side），the bush，the air，in the morning，in the daytime，in the end，（not）in the least，in/by the way，on the whole，at the same time，at the（very）moment，go to the cinema/theatre，the other day，the old，on/to the contrary，on the point of，on the edge of；the masses（群众）；for the most part(大多情况下)；make the most/best use of; in/at the front（10鲁）/back of-。5. 前与不定冠词后与of连用的名词 waste(09鲁)、area，audience，atmosphere，average，boycott（抵制），collection，command，knowledge(96/02沪)，history，altitude（海拔），height/depth/width/length/distance，time，period，training，loss，vocabulary，mixture，salary，income，fine（罚款），scholarship（奖学金），（mis）understanding，score，range，series，means（06鲁），allowance（津贴），variety，sense，native，loan，fund（资金）；change，return，combination，taste（品味），matter，mixture，population（人口）。比如：a keen sense of tradition（强烈的传统意识）6. 含有不定冠词的常用词组：have a break/rest/look/walk/swim/quarrel/cold/chat/good time，once in a while（09），at a loss，for a while/time/moment，once upon a time，keep a diary（写日记），all of a sudden，tell a lie，do sb a favor，give/lend sb a hand，at a mouthful，at a distance，at a discount （打折）/as a matter of fact，give sb a lift（搭便车）；drop sb a line（写短信），in a mess/trap；in a dilemma（进退维谷）；in a word，takeas an example（拿-作为例子）。7. 介词短语中的名词（1）to ones knowledge/surprise/joy/satisfaction/disappointment /horror/regret/some degree/extent（程度）/to the full（尽量地），to ones taste（口味），to the best of ones ability/knowledge（2）on purpose/time/schedule，on a regular basis （定期地）/on（the）average，on this occasion，on ones arrival/ on a large scale（大规模）/return/departure，on the other hand，on the spot/contrary/whole，on behalf of，on the committee/staff/，radio/phone/Internet/screen；on loan（贷款）/display/show/sale/duty/strike/fire/business/vacation/course（航线）。（3）in need/vain（徒劳）/deed/general/uniform/rags/turn（06）/tears/sight/person（亲自）；in the meantime/meanwhile；in a hurry/mess/panic，in detail/short/particular/brief/conclusion/cash/bed/English；in the air/sky；in other words /reality/public/secret/disgust/in ones view/opinion/eyes，in terms of，in case（of）；in search/memory/place/honor of，in the 21st century；in the1980s(在二十世纪八十年代)； in May/spring，in peace/harmony/ common/ line/love with；in response to，in return for；in the event of（万一；倘若）；in order to/of，in any way（无论如何，在任何情况下），in no way（决不）。4)byhand/air/plane/bus/email/Internet/accident/coincidence/chance/design/mistake/air/plane/bus/email/Internet/accident/coincidence/chance/design/mistake；by night/day/far；by the dozen/ day/meter；shake sb by the hand/hit sb in the face/pat sbon the back/shoulder/by birth/profession（5）from across/behind；from dawn until/till dark；from/now/then on，fromto，from side/time/generation to （6） at will（随意，任意），at sight（一见），at any cost（不惜一切代价），at sea（不知所措），at a distance（隔一段距离），at present/random（随意）/first/last/length/night/midnight/dawn/dusk/noon/daybreak/sunrise/sunset/Easter/Christmas/lunch/home/most/least，at a meeting/conference/concert/2 oclock；at stake/war/peace/ones best/worst，at one/a time/times/the same time/all times（near/close）at hand/at all；at sbs expense（自费），at the age/bottom/beginning/end/mercy/edge/top/risk，at a profit（赢利）；（7）against the sky；against time/the clock；against the current；against ones will/the law/the wind, within ones reach(09)。（8）其他above all；after all；apart from；beyond ones power/expectations；within ones reach，out of sight；for the benefit/ good/sake/purpose of；for the most part，for the time being（暂时），for example，to the point（切题），to ones mind(在某人看来)；as usual，as a rule(作为惯例)； like mad/crazy，in exchange for （交换）（07），at home（08），as a result/consequence。off course（航线）/duty（值班）/the point（跑题）7. 不定冠词+名词+介词（1）a visit（or）/change/adjustment/monument/key/answer/reply/note/access/ attitude/trend/tendency/trip/witness/comfort/solution/approach（手段；途径）/alternative/path/road etc+ to（2）demand/need/desire/ticket/love/talent/gift/eye/ear/appetite（胃口）/change（转变）/liking/reputation/enthusiasm（热情）/responsibility/sympathy，respect/thirst etc+ for动词短语：1）answer for(对-负责)；allow for(考虑到); run for（竞选），put in for(申请)/charge some money for（收费，要价），be good for（有利于），reach for（伸手去拿）;pay some money for（花钱买）,account/ask/ care/change/call(07)/fight/send/leave/start/look/make/stand/go/make/head/apply +for2）arrive/come/call/fire/shoot/laugh/smile/knock/go+ at 3)agree/appeal/attach/adapt/adjust/drink/contribute/keep/object/respond/reply/react/relate/join/link/stick/subscribe(同意；订阅)/apply/apologize/give in/give way+ to（屈服；被取代）动词+名词+介词+（其他）：（1）make a study/summary/analysis/an outline of；make use of，make the most/best of；take advantage/notice/possession/charge/care/the place of。（2）take part/pride/delight/sides in，bury oneself in（专心致志于），spendin/on；engage（sb）in；involve（sb）in（加入；参与）（3）pay attention to；pay a visit to；devote ones energies/time to；set a fire to，limit sth to；sentence sb to; attach importance/significance/value/weight to(doing) sth。（4）fix/focus ones eyes/attention/thought/energy on/upon， busy oneself with；concern oneself with/about（对感兴趣），announce/explain sth to sb；charge sb with；accuse sb of；rob/inform/warn/remind sb of；compareto/with，put sth into practice/force/effect，put sth to（good）use(好好利用)，find fault with（挑毛病），set light to（点燃），pick holes in（挑毛病），give birth to（生育）,declare war on/against(向-宣战) compare notes with sb。（5）comment/agree/go/keep/insist/decide/settle（选定）hit/call/determine /hit+on（6）come/arise（产生）/benefit/evolve（进化）/escape/free/die/keep/learn/hear/date/suffer/recover/graduate; discourage/prevent/prohibit/stopfrom，。3. 动词+介词+名/代词+介词+其他turn/apply to sb/sth for sth；apologize to sb for；debate/argue/negotiate/quarrel with sb about/over sth，agree/compromise（妥协）with sb on sth。4. 动词+介词（副词）approve of（赞成），add up/to；add up to；act/work/serve as；answer for；allow for（考虑到），break in/out/up/down/off；burst into/out；begin/start/（up）with；believe in；call in/at/on（upon）/for；catch on，cheat sb（out）of sth，consist in/of；clear up；do up/about/with；deal with；depend/rely/count on；die of/from/for/out/away；draw up/near；drink to；drop in on/at；fall behind；get away with/from；get in/up/down/on/off；give off/up；give out（05）go in for；go for适用，go against（违背），go with/over/about；hold up/on（to）/out；keep up/off；lead to，lie in，look for/up/after into；look down on；look up to（尊敬）；look back（on）；look forward to；make up/for，make sense（of）；put/set aside（忽视；积蓄）；留拨（08）；put away/back/out/up/in/off/on/up with；take after/apart/away/ back/down/in/ off/on/over/to（开始喜欢；养成习惯）；take up（06），happen to，become of（发生），keep to，fit in（适合）（09）。be+形容词/过去分词/介词1. be bored/content/honest/generous/concerned/lined/filled/mixed/friendly/covered/loaded/occupied/patient/satisfied/popular/familiar +with2. be independent/free/accused/proud/full/fond/forgetful（健忘的）/afraid/aware（意识），ashamed（耻辱）/hopeful/terrified/true(真实的)+of3. be sensitive/accustomed/used（习惯的）/addicted/married/engaged/exposedopposed/equal/parallel/relevant/harmful/similar/familiar/senior/junior/superior/inferior/opposite/kind/rude/good/friendly/polite/loyal/thankful/grateful/allergic（过敏；变应）/convenient（方便）（08）+to4. be curious/enthusiastic/mad/crazy/particular/mistaken/modest（谦虚的）/cautious（谨慎的）/honest/hopeful/ignorant +about5. be bad/good/famous/fit/suitable/thankful/grateful/appropriate +for6. be based on；be freed of/from; be located in/at/on; be dressed in; be absorbed in零冠词常用短语：day and night，husband and wife，father and son，pen and ink，master and servant；life and death; at first sight ;face to face；shoulder to shoulder；side by side，step by step，little by little(渐渐地)；from top to bottom；from beginning to end; at noon/midnight/dawn/dusk; in/to/at/from work; out of mind; catch sight of ;come to light，give rise to，give birth to，watch TV; in case of fire; come to power；leave/take office（就任；执政），in office（任职），hold office（担任职务）；head office（总部），run for office/give and take（奉献与索取），bring sb back to life，supply and demand（供求），cause and effect（因果）；from bad to worse，back and forth（来回），heart and soul，safe and sound，day after/by day，hour and hour，here and there，now and then（again），little by little，step by step；by and by（不久；很快）动词+名/代词+介词+名/代词present sb with sth；present sth to sb；provide sb with sth；provide sth for sb；supply sb with sth；supply sth to /for sb；inspire sb with sth；inspire sth in sb后跟不定式作宾语的动词advise/agree/afford，arrange，attempt，beg/bother，claim，choose; decide/demand/determine/encourage/fail/forbid/force/refuse/happen/hesitate/instruct/intendinvite/consent/decide/determine/ demand/learn/ long/manage/ offer，plan/prepare/pretend/promise，guarantee，undertake，tend，trouble，seek/manage(2010)，volunteer to do sth。后跟带to的不定式作补语的动词advise/allow/ask/beg/cause/encourage/expect/forbid/force/get/intend/invite/instruct/like/love/order/permit/persuade/prefer/require/teach/tell/urge/want/warn/wish/think/wait for， vote for/call on/appeal to/call for/on/arrange for sb to do后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语admit/allow/avoid/advise/advocate/appreciate/consider/deny/delay/enjoy/escape/fancy/finish/involve/forbid/imagine/keep/mind/miss/pardon/suggest/risk/put off/keep on/cant help/resist，feel like，insist on/get down to/pay attention to/have difficulty/trouble（in）;get/accustomed/used to，set about，devoteto；lead/object/stick to；cant stand （for）；go about（忙于；继续），look forward to。虚拟语气1. 下列单词及其转化词用于名词性从句中（主从，宾从，表从，同位从句）使用动词用（should）+动词原形advise/advocate/suggest；demand/request/require/desire/urge/insist/recommend2. wish/would rather后跟从句用虚拟，动词时态退一级3. It is（high/about）time that sb+ did 从句中用虚拟4. It is important/necessary/natural/strange that S+（should）+动词原形倒装结构1. 副词：here/there/up/down/in/out/away/up/down/now/then/thus（表地点的介词短语提前，全倒装）。2. 否定词（短语）提前使用助动词部分倒装。not，never，seldom，rarely，hardly，scarcely，not until，neithernor，no way，no soonerthan；hardly/scarcelywhen，by no means，on no account；in/under no circumstances（决不）；at no time，on no condition；in no case。与反身代词连用的结构by oneself 独自 ; in oneself 在本质上 ; to oneself 独自享用for oneself 亲自；absent/be（健康的）/behave/come to/busy/boast/ devote/concern/enjoy/dress/find/help/introduce/make/seat/occupy/teach/congratulate/throw/forget/qualify oneself（使自己胜任）/involve oneself（参与）in/accustom oneself to doing sth。如：Im forgetting myself. I havent offered you a drink yet.我有点不成体统。易考it习惯归纳：forget it（没有关系；别提了；休想，闭嘴）;got it（知道/明白）make it（成功；及时赶到）;catch it（受到惩罚）;go for it（努力争取）； like/love/appreciate/prefer/hate/dislike it；that/this is it（这就对了）；depend/rely/count on it that-, see to it that-;take it for granted that-. like/love enjoy/appreciate/prefer /dislike/hate it +从句。被动语态及主动表被动的特例1. 常见被动结构：behurt/getchanged/dressed/ruined/drunk/wounded/lost/caught/stuck/trapped/dressed；sell well；handle well（易操作），cut/dry/open/close/wear easily；be easy to do；sth needs/wants/requires doing sth.3. 系动词feel/look/sound/taste/smell/appear/seem/go/come/wear/prove/turn/stay/become/fall/grow+adj+n；run。4. 介短表被动，如：under control/treatment/repair/discussion/construction；beyond/belief/ones reach/control/hope；for sale/rent；in print/sight/use；on sale/show/display/trial；out of sight/control/ones reach。5. 表被动的形容词，如：be accessible/admirable/attractive/available/chang-eable/enjoyable/familiar（to sb），popular（with sb）/fragile/honorable/outspoken/portable/unbearable/unbelievable/welcome/reliable/dependable/respectable/affordable/countable/dependable/acceptable（07）/adorable6. 表被动的动词短语serve as，run out of；give out；come out（被出版）；come true（被实现）measure/weigh/sell/handle(操作)/write/open/close/wear+状语。7. be to blame 常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for the accident ？8.在It remains to be seen whether -是否-还有待于观察 It remains to be seen whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.9.It is said/hoped/believed/reported that S +v10.S is easy/hard/difficult/important/fit/nice/impossible/pleasant/interesting-to do sth（不定式主动表被动）。 11.Sb/sth is nowhere to be seen/found 引导三大从句的连词分类1. 定语从句关系代词：who，whom，whose(2010)，that，which（09），as；关系副词：when，where，why2. 状语从句（1）时状as，when， while，before，after，as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately，directly，instantly; till，until，not until，the first/second/last/next time；another/next time； hardly/scarcelywhen，no soonerthen，every/each time；（ever）since（2）地状：where (08/09)（3）原状：as，because，since，now that， when（既然），seeing that（鉴于），in that（因为）given(鉴于) /considering（考虑到）。（4）条状：if (09)，unless（2010），suppose，supposing，provided，providing，as long as，once（一旦）; in case 。（5）让状从: as，although， though， no matter whatwhen（虽然；尽管）wherewhohow，whatwherehow(ever)，even if（though）（6）结果状从：so/suchthat；such that（7）目的状从：so that（09），in case，for fear that（8）方式状从：as ，howas if （thought）; just as -so（正如-一样-也一样）（9）比较状从: than，assoas；the+比较级；the 比较级3. 名词从句3. 连词that，whether （if），连接代词 who（ever）（07/2012），which（ever）（06），what（ever）（05/08/2010），连接副词when，where，how，why4.能接同位语从句的名词：doubt; fact; idea; word(消息)、news;information;order;belief;view;evidence;truth;suggestion;advice;reply;answer;saying;同义词联想分类（动词或短语）cover/include=take in 包含/括acknowledge/admit（承认）employ/take on（雇佣）put/turn out（熄灭）vt/go out viforgive/excuse/pardonexamine/look at（over）maintain/keep upexplain=account forconsume/use up；run out ofassume（承担）/undertake/take onexplode/set off（vt）/go off（vi）agree to/approve of/stand forabandon/desertrealize vt/come true（vi）handle vt./deal with/cope withexhaust/tire（wear）outconsider/think aboutstop（停止）/leave offarrest（吸引）/attract/appeal torefer to/speak of/mention提（说）起gain/put on增加know well/be familiar withomit/leave outreward/pay off回报；有好结果gain/put on增加charge（指控）/accusesucceed/pay off/make itring back/call backviolate/break stress/emphasizedoubt/suspect（相信）classify/sort out（分类）begin with/end withdonate/give away 捐赠accommodate/put up（提供住宿）despise/look down onclarify/make clearraise/put up（forward）提出continue/go on（with）betray/give away暴露（身份）persuade/get round/talkintoruin/destroy/damageapprove/grant 同意/批准turn off（vt）/go out（关熄）depress/cast down（使沮丧）consume/use up vt/give out vi（用完/耗尽）calculate/figure out（计算）produce/turn out（生产）publish vt/bring out vt/come /turn out /release（发布）take/enter/go in for参加（考试）run out of vt/run out（vi）sink/go downarrive/turn up（到达；露面）refuse/turn down/decline happen/come about(发生，产生)prove/turn out（结果是）delay/hold up（耽搁；延迟）disgust/bore/turn off（使厌烦）follow/chase/go afteroppose/be（go）againstturn off/turn out（关掉，熄灭）come across/meet withovercome/get overgetacross/be understoodgo for/at/attack（袭击）undertake/take on（承担）overcome/get overrob/hold up（抢劫）go for/apply to（适用于） ignore/put aside（忽视）come true(vi)/realize(vt)would/used to（过去）常常 matter/count abandon/give upfigure in=include=take in/coverapproach/come up/draw nearlaunch/send up(发射)foresee/predictmention：refer topraise：speak（think） well/highly ofsymbolize：stand fordie/pass awaycover/deal with（涉及）establish/set updeposit/put down/away（放下;储蓄）investigate/look intoget round/persuade(说服)get over/overcome/defeat(克服；战胜)hold up: delay(耽搁)approach/come up（near）award/give away(颁发)overlook/leave out(漏掉)release/dismiss/fire(解雇)attend to/serve(接待；招待)反义词联想分类：turn up/turn downput off/put(bring) forward give up/take upmarry/divorce cry/laughpay off/come to nothing（毫无结果）fall/rise put up/take down（拿下）ignore/pay no attention to/pass overinclude/exclude（排除）put on/take offdemand/supplypraise/scoldrise/set(日落)destroy/buildadmit/reject（拒收）recognize/make outdirty/cleancalculate/figure out（计算）attack/defend appear/disappearmake up/divide intoadopt/desert（抛弃）enlarge/reduceearn/lose decline/go down/reduceexcite/calmbegin/endborrow/lend