定语从句的讲解及练习.doc

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.定语从句的讲解及练习定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。（1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who / that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在从句中作宾语）（2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。（3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错。（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对）Ill never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1：Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2：Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1. D；例2. A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。（4）限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。（5）介词+关系词 介词后面的关系词不能省略。 that前不能有介词。 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?（6）as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 的用法例1：the same as；suchas是一种固定结构，和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.例2：as可引导非限制性从句，常译为正如之意。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. as是关系代词。第1句中的as作know的宾语；第2句中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。（7）关系代词that 的用法 不用that的情况a. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b. 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a. 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b. 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c. 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e. 先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。典型例题1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案：C 解析：此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which，it和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it答案：B解析：which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. whichC. as D. it答案：B解析：as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。模拟试题、选择填空1. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 2. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that 3. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from who D. to whom 4. The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. whereC. thatD. when 6. Carol said the work would be done by October. personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. whenD. which 7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose9. _ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. ThatD. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. thatD. same11. On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A. whoseB. of whichC. which D. its12. Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. which C. thatD. when13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower.A. that B. whereC. whichD. there14. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in thatC. in whoseD. whose15. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which16. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella . _ I got wet through .A. Its the reason B. Thats whyC. Theres whyD. Its how17. He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think which is18. He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whomC. whatD. which 、实战练习A）填空：选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。1. This is the comrade _ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2. Whos the student _ the teacher is talking with?3. I like the present _ youve sent to me.4. The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.5. This is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.6. This is the cleverest man _ Ive ever known.7. I bought all _ was necessary.8. The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.9. The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital.10. All _ come are welcome.11. This is the girl _ songs you heard last night.12. She was the brave girl _ name is known to everybody here.13. Thank you for the help _ youve done for me.14. This radio set _ we have had for two years is a good one.15. The next question _ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.B）将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句16. He is the young writer.He wrote the book.17. Do you know the doctor?He comes here once a month and examines the workers.18. The foreign guest is Mr. Green.You saw him at the school gate.19. He is the new head.I was talking about him this morning.20. Ive received the book.Father sent it to me.21. The factory has got one success after another.We visited the factory last week.22. Whats the name of the girl?Her grandpa took part in the Long March.23. The man looks like the actor.Ive heard his songs on TV.24. This letter is from my elder brother.He serves in the army.25. Do you see the bridge?It was built last year.C）单项填空：从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。26. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. whoC. thatD. who learn27. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. that againsts B. that againstC. who is againstD. who are against28. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ in China.A. works B. is workingC. are working D. has been working29. Didnt you see the man _?A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now30. Have you seen the girl _?A. that I told B. I told you ofC. whom I told you D. I told you of him31. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. whoC. from whom D. to whom32. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked with D. you talked about33. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. whatC. whyD. for which34. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. thatC. who D. whom35. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. whoC. whomD. that36. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. thoseC. whichD. what37. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. what allC. that allD. all38. This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our school.A. which B. whatC. where D. /39. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. /C. whichD. it40. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongsC. that belong D. which belongs41. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. that B. whichC. whos D. whose42. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.A. which B. which ofC. its D. whose43. He is the only one of the boys who _ the piano well.A. plays B. playC. playing D. are playing44. He asked me _ I needed.A. that B. whichC. what D. /45. That scientist _ work is successful has been made a model worker.A. which B. whoC. whosD. whose参考答案：、15 DBDBB 610 DBCAB 1115 ABBCA 1618 BAD、A）1. who/that 2. that 3. that/which 4. whom(who)/that5. that 6. that 7. that8. whom(who)/that9. whom 10. that11. whose 12. whose13. which/that 14. which/that 15. thatB）16. He is the young writer who wrote the book.17. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers?18. The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr. Green.19. He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning.20. Ive received the book which father sent to me.21. The factory which we visited last week has got one success after another.22. What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?23. The man looks like the actor