澳大利亚的风土人情.doc

澳大利亚的风土人情 澳大利亚位于南太平洋和印度洋之间，由澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛等岛屿和海外领土组成。它东濒太平洋的珊瑚海和塔斯曼海，西、北、南三面临印度洋及其边缘海，海岸线长约万公里。面积万平方公里，占大洋洲的绝大部分，虽四面环水，沙漠和半沙漠却占全国面积的。全国分为东部山地、中部平原和西部高原个地区。全国最高峰科修斯科山海拨米，最长河流墨尔本河长里。中部的埃尔湖是澳大利亚的最低点，湖面低于海平面米。在东部沿海有全世界最大的珊瑚礁大堡礁。北部属热带，大部分属温带。年平均气温北部，南部，内陆地区干旱少雨，年降水量不足毫米，东部山区毫米。Australia is located in the south Pacific and Indian Ocean, between the Australian mainland and Tasmania island and the overseas territories.It faces the Pacific on the east of the coral sea and the tasman sea, west, north, three facing south and its marginal sea in the Indian Ocean, about 36700 km long coastline. An area of 7692 square kilometers, accounting for most of Oceania, is surrounded by water, desert and semidesert accounted for 35% of the national area. The country is divided into the eastern mountain, the central plains and western plateau three areas. The kosciusko either altitude of 2230 meters, the highest peak is the longest river in Melbourne river 3490 miles long. El lake is in the middle of the bottom of Australia, the lake 12 metres below sea level. In the eastern coastal has the worlds largest coral reef the Great Barrier Reef. Tropical north, most belong to the temperate zone. Annual average temperature of 27 , the north south 14 , inland dry little rain, less than 200 mm annual precipitation, the eastern mountain area during 500-500 mm.-塔斯马尼亚风情 塔斯马尼亚岛位于澳大利亚的南面，那里是世界的尽头，大自然主宰着一切。它是澳大利亚最小的州，是唯一一个人们可以用几天就可转一圈的州 像所有澳大利亚人一样，外国游客会感到非常陌生，主要景色是大山，更像新西兰。塔斯马尼亚岛连绵的丘陵，山谷，高原，火山和陡峭的海岸，让人联想到从前的英格兰阿根廷的帕姆帕草原和南非草原。South of Tasmania, Australia, there is the end of the world, nature dominates all. It is the smallest state in Australia, is the only one people can can turn a circle with a few days.Like all australians, foreign tourists will feel very strange, is the main scenery dashan, more like New Zealand. Tasmania rolling hills, valleys, plateau, volcanoes and steep shore, reminiscent of the former England the PAM of Argentina and South Africa grasslands. 冰川期造就了塔斯马尼亚岛的大山和中央高原上的深湖。一部分湖已造坝修成水电站。塔斯马尼亚的西部的大部分地方都是无法进入的森林。这里大山的部分地区都覆盖的云雾，部分地区的河流还是原始没有开发过的河流和潮湿阴冷的峡谷。然而，在这里远足可以看到岛上最原始的地区。塔斯马尼亚有人口450000人自认为与其他澳大利亚人不一样，他们叫大陆为另一个岛。近来很少有移民到塔斯马尼亚岛落户。大部分居民都是英国人，有时比英国人还英国人。ERROL FLYNN和全部危险的年代的作家CHRISTOPHER KOCK是出自这座岛上最有名的人物。Ice made the island of Tasmania mountains and deep lake in the central plateau. Part of the lake has built dam into hydropower station. Tasmania forests in the west most of areas are inaccessible. Parts of the mountains here are covered cloud, some parts of the river or the original did not develop river canyon and damp cold. However, hiking here can see the most primitive areas on the island. Tasmania has a population of 450000 people thought is different from other australians, they call the mainland to another island. Recently, there are few immigrants to settle in Tasmania. Most of the residents are from England, sometimes more than the British English. Dangerous s all ERROL FLYNN and writer CHRISTOPHER KOCK is said by the islands most famous character.斯马尼亚气候温和，但受南极的强冷风的影响有些冷。7-8月份的冬季1000米以上的山峰都覆盖着大雪。夏天白天很长一直到9点半太阳都不会落山。塔斯马尼亚离南极洲只有2500公里。2月份最热，平均温度到达21。Its mild, but affected by strong winds of the Antarctic cold. 7 - August 1000 meters above the mountain peaks are covered with snow in winter. Summer day long until the sun will not be put at half past nine. Tasmania is only 2500 km from Antarctica. The hottest in February, the average temperature reached 21 .渔业曾一直是塔斯马尼亚的主业。上个世纪的捕鲸船变成专门捕甲壳动物（虾，龙虾和蟹）的渔船，它们营业额占澳大利亚渔业的四分之三。尽管当地政府对企业工业化的努力，塔斯马尼亚岛还是一个农业州。由于气候温暖和潮湿，牛奶工业很发达，塔斯马尼亚岛也叫苹果岛。Fisheries have been is the main occupation of Tasmania. Last century whaling ship into a special capture crustaceans, shrimp, lobster and crab fishing boats, their turnover three-fourths of the fishery in Australia. Despite the local government to enterprise industrialization efforts, Tasmania is an agricultural state. Due to its warm and humid climate, the milk industry is very developed, Tasmania is also called the apple island. 在岛上河流建大坝曾受到生态保护者的强烈抗议。1983年在高尔唐河上建设大坝引起一场政治危机，震撼了整个澳大利亚。 今天塔斯马尼亚最主要的财富是旅游业。当时的英国人非常思念他们的家乡，在这地球的另一面尽量重建了英国老式村庄，那里的小村庄都有老式的农舍组成。即使在今天，一切都非常像英国，山楂树篱笆的矮墙，桉树倒显得不合适了。然而由于经济问题，许多塔斯马尼亚人都移居到大陆的大城市里。River DAMS on the island had a strong protests from conservationists. In 1983 al gore Tang He on construction of the dam caused a political crisis that rocked the whole Australia.Today is the most important wealth Tasmania tourism. The British people very miss their hometown, on the earth the other side of the reconstruction of the UK as far as possible the old village, the small village has an old farmhouse. Even today, everything was as the English, hawthorn hedges ha-ha, eucalyptus was not appropriate. But due to economic problems, and many Tasmania are moved to the mainlands big cities.澳洲特产：澳洲特产如澳宝(澳洲特产宝石)、羊皮、牛皮、绵羊油、澳洲葡萄酒、动物玩具、原住民艺术作品、艺术画作等，还有澳洲海产类产品如鲍鱼、澳洲正宗鲨胶丸。澳大利亚一词源于拉丁语“Terra australis incognita”，意为未知的南方大陆。一般认为，澳大利亚土著的祖先，大约在4万年以前，就居住在澳大利亚，过着狩猎、采集的平静生活。1616年荷兰人才开始真正探索澳大利亚，发现了约1/3的澳大利亚土地。Australian specialty such as opal (gem) native to Australia, goat, cow, sheep oil, Australian wines, toy animals, aboriginal art, art, paintings, etc., and Australian seafood products such as abalone, Australia authentic shark capsule. Australia is a word comes from Latin Terra australis incognita, meaning the unknown southern continent. It is generally believed that the Australian aboriginal ancestors,about 40000 years ago, lived in Australia, lived a quiet life of hunting and gathering. Talent in the Netherlands in 1616 started to really explore Australia, found that about a third of the land in Australia.1770年4月29日英国航海家詹姆斯库克船长率领努力号全体船员正式下锚于澳大利亚东岸的植物湾，接着沿东海岸一路往北上，在约克角的控有岛升起英国国旗，并将整个澳大利亚大陆东部宣布为英王乔治三世所属。1817年澳大利亚这个名字被当时的殖民当局正式使用。1927年首都堪培拉建成启用，“堪培拉”是土著人的语言，意为“开会的地方”。 On April 29, 1770, the British navigator under the crew officially no led by captain James cook to anchor in Australias east coast botany bay, and then along the east coast all the way to the north, on cape york charged with the British flag, island and the mainland Australia declared king George iii belongs in the east. The name in Australia in the year of 1817 is used when the colonial authorities officially. In 1927 to enable the completion of capital, Canberra, Canberra is native language, means meeting place.1931年英议会通过“威斯敏斯特法案”，给予澳大利亚内政和外交自主权，从此澳大利亚成为英联邦的独立国。1972年澳大利亚工党政府彻底取消了“白澳政策”，同年，澳大利亚和中国建立外交关系。In 1931 the British parliament passed the Westminster act, give Australias internal affairs and diplomacy autonomy, Australia became the commonwealth of independent states. Australias Labour government in 1972 completely canceled the white Australia policy, in the same year, Australia and China established diplomatic relations.澳大利亚由具有不同文化背景的民族构成。澳大利亚是一个容忍互让、兼容并收的社会，其文化的多样性已成为澳大利亚的民族特色。土著人的文化遗产、英国人的殖民历史、世界各地移民的文化价值观，以及澳大利亚持开放政策，在艺术领域鼓励竞争、提倡百家争鸣的特点融合在一起，使澳大利亚成为一个具有多元文化的社会。Australia by the ethnic groups with different cultural background. Australia is a tolerant of give-and-take, compatible and closed society, its cultural diversity has become Australias national characteristics. Aboriginal cultural heritage, the British colonial history and cultural values of immigrants from all over the world, as well as the Australia open policy, in the field of art to encourage competition, promote the characteristics of the schools of thought contend together, make Australia a has a multicultural society. 建筑经典- 悉尼歌剧院（Sydney Opera House） 基本概况：悉尼歌剧院不仅是澳洲的艺术殿堂，更是悉尼的灵魂，来自世界各地的观光游客，每天络绎不绝地前往参观游览拍照。清晨，黄昏或星空，不论悠闲漫步或出海遨游悉尼歌剧院随时为游客展现不同多样的迷人风采。The Sydney opera house is not only an art gallery in Australia, but also the soul of Sydney, tourists from all over the world, every day streamed to tour. Early morning, evening or the stars, regardless of wandering or sea roam the Sydney opera house at tourists show different variety of attractive. 悉尼歌剧院的外型犹如即将乘风出海的白色风帆，与周围的海洋景色相映成趣。每年在悉尼歌剧院举办的表演大约3000场，约200万观众前往观看，是世界上最大的表演艺术中心之一。歌剧院白色屋顶是由瑞典陶瓦铺成，并经过特殊处理，因此不怕海风的侵袭，屋顶下方就是雪梨歌剧的两大表演场所-音乐厅和歌剧院。The Sydney opera house looks like the wind white sail out to sea, and the surrounding ocean scenery set each other off becomes an interest. Acting in the Sydney opera house about 3000 every year, about 200Thousands of spectators to watch, it is one of the worlds largest center for the performing arts. Opera house white roof is paved by Sweden terracotta, and through special processing, so not afraid of the wind, under the roof is Sydney opera performance of two places - a concert hall and opera house 地理位置：坐落在悉尼市区北部的环形码头, Bennelong Point，Circular Quay，Sydney。Location: located in the northern city of Sydneys circular quay 游览内容：每天上午9点至下午3点半的歌剧院入内参观之旅，由专人带领参观悉尼歌剧院的主要演出大厅，并对歌剧院的历史，背景故事，建筑设计特色作一番详细的解说，时间大约1小时，以英文讲解。也可以参加澳洲新世界公司的中文一日游行程。Every day at half past nine o clock in the morning to three o clock in the afternoon of the opera house in tour, by the main performance hall of guided to visit the Sydney opera house, and the history of opera, the background story, architectural design features for a detailed explanation, for about 1 hour, in English. Can also take the one-day tour of Australias new world company of Chinese travel.世界遗产-大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）基本概况：大堡礁坐落在澳洲东北海岸，昆士兰州以东，南回归线与巴布亚海之间的南太平洋热带海洋区域，南北长2300公里，东西宽从200公里到240公里，总面积479万平方公里，平均水深2400米。大堡礁属于珊瑚礁，是由无数的珊瑚虫经过1万5千年的堆积而形成,目前海域内共有700多大小珊瑚岛，分别由350多种珊瑚构成，堪称世界8大奇观之一。1981年大堡礁被规划为世界遗产而成为澳洲最知名的观光胜地，每年吸引了百万人次的海内外游客来这里观光游览，探索海洋世界的奥妙，领略澳洲奇特的自然风情。Basic situation: the Great Barrier Reef is located in the northeast coast of Australia, the Queensland east, between the tr