状语从句教师版.doc

状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句, 修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等, 可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等. 引导状语从句的连词叫从属连词.状语从句的位置可在句首, 也可在句末. 放在句首时, 从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时, 从句前面往往不用逗号. 考点一时间状语从句1普通类从属连词引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when(当时), while(在期间), as (当, 一边一边), before(在之前), after(在之后), since(从以来), till/until(直到), whenever(无论何时), as soon as (一就)等. When I went into the classroom, he was reading.当我走进教室时, 他正在看书. Once time is gone, you will never get it back.时光一去不复返. 注意】在时间状语从句中, 不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时, 而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替. Ill telephone you as soon as I get there.我一到达那里就给你打电话. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.等车停稳后再下车. 2含time的短语可引导时间状语从句的time短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time等. Every time I listen to music, Ill think of it.每当我听音乐, 我就想起这事. 3表示“一就”除as soon as外, 还有三类: 名词型the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副词型immediately, directly, instantly；句式型no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when. The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.我一看到他, 就知道没有希望了. 【注意】如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首, 句子必须用倒装结构. Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就下雨. 4对before从句的理解before的本意为“在之前”, 根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就, 趁着还没就, 不知不觉就, 才”等. Before I could get in a word, he measured me.我还没来得及插话, 他就给我量好了尺寸. Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it.时间过得飞快, 她不知不觉就度过了三个月. 5对since从句的理解since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词, 表示“从这个动作开始以来”. since 从句的时态若是一般过去时, 主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时. Ive been feeling down since I lost my job.自从失去工作后, 我的情绪一直低落. I have made great progress since I was ill.我自从病愈以来取得了很大进步. 考点二地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在的地方)和wherever(在的任何地方)等. Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多. 考点三原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because (因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于, 鉴于), considering(that)(考虑到), given(that)(考虑到)等. I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢. 考点四目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便, 为了), in order that(为了, 以便), in case(以防, 以免), lest(免得, 以防), for fear that (以免, 惟恐)等. 从句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would等情态动词. I left at 600 so that/in order that I could catch the train.为赶火车, 我六点就出门了. 【注意】当从句主语与主句主语相同时, 可用不定式来表达相同的意思. 译: 为了通过考试, 他学习非常努力. 正: He studies very hard so that (in order that) he can pass the exam.正: He studies very hard so as to (in order to) pass the exam.考点五结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that (以致, 结果), so.that, such.that(如此以至于)等. She is so good a teacher (She is such a good teacher) that all the students like her.她是那么好的老师, 每个学生都喜欢她. 考点六条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless (if.not 如果不, 除非), as/so long as(只要), while (as long as只要), supposing (that) /provided/providing(that) (假如)in case (假使), on condition that(在的条件下)等. You can learn anything so long as you set your mind to learn it.用心学本领, 总能学到手. 注意】条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样, 从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时, 而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来替代. Tell me in case you get into difficulty.有困难请告诉我. 但若从句谓语用了will或would, 那will或would则是表示“愿意”的情态动词. If you will go with me, Ill wait for you.你若愿与我同去, 我就等你. 考点七让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whether.or.(不论/不管还是)以及“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”等. Although/Though they are poor, they are happy.他们虽穷, 但很快乐. Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你信还是不信, 这的确是事实. 【注意】as作“虽然”解, 引导让步状语从句时, 从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首, though引导的让步状语从句, 也可将这些成分置于句首, 但although等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置. Hard as/though they tried (Although/Though they tried hard), they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们做了很大努力, 也没法让她改变主意. 引导让步状语从句时, 若提前的是可数名词单数, 要省略不定冠词. Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是孩子, 但很懂事. 表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用, 但可以与yet或still等词连用. 考点八比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的从属连词为as.as(和一样), not as/so.as(和不一样), than(比), the more.the more(越越). 这类从句常以省略形式出现. The more you study, the more knowledge you can get.你学的越多, 你的知识就越丰富. 考点九方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as(正如), as if或as though(好像)等. Do as I told you.按我说的去做. 【注意】口语中like也可用作连词引导方式状语从句. 考点十状语从句的省略时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句等的主语与主句主语相同时, 有时可用省略形式. He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.他在做功课的时候睡着了. He wont come unless (he is) invited.他不会来, 除非邀请他. If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.如果必要, 可以打电话到我家找我. 考点十一易混从属连词辨析1when, while, as(1)while意为“在期间”, 从句的谓语必须是延续性动词. The plane had left when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时, 飞机已经起飞了. (不能用while)(2)as从句的谓语动词一般都是含有动作或发展意味的动词, 不与那些不用于进行时的动词连用. While/When you are in the post office, can you get me some stamps?你去邮局时, 帮我买几张邮票好吗？(不能用as)(3)表示带有规律性的“每当”, 或者主从句动作有先后时