高一英语知识点总结及难点解析Unit3—4.doc

高一英语知识点总结Unit3-4重点句型1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, . you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法2. Say Hi / Hello / Thanks to sb. (for me) 问候的句型3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)5. You should not go rafting unless you know. unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if. not6. By staying at., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句7. She was so surprised that she couldnt move. 结果状语从句8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didnt take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法重点词汇1. means n. 方法；途径2. experience n. 经验3. equipment n. 设备4. successful adj. 成功的5. protect v. 保护6. handle v. 处理7. consider v. 考虑8. benefit n. 利益9. particular adj. 特别的10. effect n. 效果11. combine v. 合并12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的13. advance v. 前进14. seize v. 抓住15. struggle v. 奋斗16. fear v. & n. 害怕17. strike v. 敲打18. destroy v. 毁掉19. publish v. 出版20. naughty adj. 调皮的重点短语1. get away from 逃离2. watch / look out 注意，当心3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游4. as with 正如一样5. see off 为某人送行6. on the other hand 在另一方面7. take care of 照顾8. get close / near to 接近，凑近9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树10. as wall as 也，和一样(好)11. protectfrom 保护不受的伤害12. be surprised at 因而吃惊13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被困住14. take place 发生15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)16. be upon 临近，逼近17. hold on to 紧紧抓住18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)19. look into 注视的内部；检查，调查20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l. get _ from 逃离 away2. watch _ 注意，当心 out3. protect sb / sth _ 保护保卫某人(某事物) from4. see sb _ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off5. on the other _ 另一方面 hand6. as _ as也，还，而且 well7. _ place发生，产生 take8. _ fire失火 on9. pull sb _ 把往上拽 up10. get _ ones feet站立起来；站起身来 on11. go _ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through12. _ holiday在度假 on13. travel _ 旅行社代理人 agent14. be _ 逼近，临近 upon15. _ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take16. _ Hi to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say17. come _ with提出 up18. go _ a hike 去远足 for19. be caught _ 受困于，陷于 in20. _ a second 马上，一会儿 in21. look _ 往里面看，调查 into22. refer _ 提到涉及；参考 to23. hold _ 抓住，握住 onto24. sweep _ 冲走，刮走 away25. sweep _ 冲倒，吹倒 down交际用语1. Where would you prefer going.?2. How would you like to go to.?3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !4. Well, I must be off.5. Its all right6. Im afraid.7. Come on !8. It scares me.9. Dont worry.10. First., next., then., finally.单词聚焦1. advance的用法构词：advanced adj. 高等的先进的，高深的搭配： in advance 在前头，预先，事先 in advance of 在前面；比进步；超过 on the advance (物价)在上涨【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the _ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased考查目标 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。答案与解析C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3. chance的用法搭配： by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 by chance 偶然，意外地 take a / ones chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the _are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services考查目标 chance的词义。答案与解析 C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consideras表认为外，还有regardas ，look onas，takeas，think ofas5. cost的用法 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 搭配： cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)牺牲 at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何 at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 at the cost of 以为代价，用换来的；丧失；牺牲【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would _ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste考查目标 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。答案与解析 C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的名词而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。6. effect n. 效果；作用have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行 比较 affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7. experience的用法构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的搭配: by experience 凭经验；从经验中 from experience 凭经验；从经验中 gain experience in 获得经验 be experienced in 某方面有经验友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。【考例】 (2005山西模拟) _teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents考查目标 experience的意思。答案与解析 C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑；担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕；担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧；害怕，接to do Dont fear to tell the truth. 恐怕；担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room.构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的搭配： be in fear (of) (为而)提心吊胆 for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是 for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) have a fear that-clause 担心怕(发生某事) with fear 吓得，怕得 fear (vi.) for. 担心忧虑【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, _ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search考查目标 fear构成的短语的用法和意思。答案与解析C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是。担心”。9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开的玩笑；取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. 比较 (1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑 Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑10. means n. 手段；办法 (1) by means of 用；依靠 The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by _ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means Dhelps考查目标 by means of 短语的意思。答案与解析 C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的；有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息 (2) common普通的；常见的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的 have a common interest 有着共同爱好 (3) usual 惯常的；惯例的 Its usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress12. once的用法 搭配： all at once 突然；同时 at once 立刻，马上；同时 (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回 more than once 不止一次，多次 not once 一次也不 once again / more再一次once and again一再，再三 once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 once too often又(多了)一次? once upon a time从前【考例】(2004上海) _ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless考查目标 连词once的用法和词义。答案与解析 B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.14. protect的用法 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止遭受；使免于，保护使不受【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful _. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service考查目标 protect及其派生词的词义。答案与解析B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。15. separate的用法 构词：separation n. U分开，分离 搭配： separate A from B 把A和B分开 A is separated from B by A和B为所分开阻隔 separate sth (up) into 把分成(几分)辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed考查目标 动词separate的词义。答案与解析 A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)1. The teacher improved the students English by _ of dictation and recitation. (means)2. All the goods _me almost half a million dollars. (cost)3. We must _ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)4. Every baby should be _ after he is horn. (separated)5. None of them _ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in _. (advance)词语比较1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on (1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today. * wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out. (2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作) Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold. (3) dress vt. 给穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙 dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs. (4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。 At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes. (5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red. (6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.2. strike, hit, beat (1) hit vt. 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head. 使受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard. (2) beat vt. & vi. 连续有节奏地打；敲The rain heat against the window. (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating. (鸟翼) 扑动 The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on. 打败；打赢；取胜 Our champion can beat all runners in the country. (3) strike vt. & vi. 打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中 He struck me with his fist. The house was struck by lightning. 发起进攻；袭击 He moved away as the animal struck. 撞；触(礁) His head struck the table as he fell. 擦(火柴) I struck a match and held it to his cigarette. (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。 A happy thought struck her. 给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态) I was struck by her beauty. 罢工 They are striking for higher pay. (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.3. complete, finishcomplete 可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。(1) complete 作及物动词，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等The railway is not completed yet.(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish ones homework / middle school / writing the book短语归纳1. cut down (1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land. (2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.2.含get的短语 get back 回来，恢复，送回 get off下来，动身，起飞 get up 起床，站起来 get on 上(车) get on / along with 与某人相处某事的进展 get together 聚首，碰头 get away from 逃离 get on ones feet 站起来 get down 下来 get on well with 与相处融洽? get married 结婚 ? get to 到达? get through 通过，接通? get down to 开始着手做某事? get across (使)通过 ? get(a)round 传开，说服? get in 进入。收获 ? get out 出去，逃脱例句How are you getting along with your business? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I cant get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over考查目标 此题主要考查get短语。答案与解析A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through考查目标此题主要考查get短语。答案与解析C get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。3. get away (from) (1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty. (2)走开；离开 She didnt get away until nine last night. (3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. (4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!4. get close to (1) close adj. 靠近；接近 The church is close to the shops. 亲密；密切 Are you a close friend of theirs? (2) close adv. 靠近；接近 He was standing close to the door. (3) close v. 关上；关闭(不开发)；结束 She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上) (4 ) closely adv. 紧密地；仔细地；密切地 He got closely in touch with the magazines of today. The little baby was closely looked after by her.比较 (1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。 (2) 类似的词组有 high (高) - highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) - deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) - widely (广 泛地)，low (低的)- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词)5. hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(hand v.) Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.比较 (1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us. (2) hand onto传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it. (3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson6. instead of 代替 (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead 0f the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 比较 (1) instead adv. 作为替代 (而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，与其宁愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.7. 含take的短语 take a picture 照相，拍照 take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交车等) take away 拿走，夺取，使离去 take care of 小心，照料，保管 take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞 take out 拿出，带出去 take ones place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置 take place 发生，产生 take exercise 做运动 take a seat 坐下? take turns 轮流? take an active part in 积极参加? take a message 捎口信? take on 从事，呈现? take the place of 取代，代替? take apart 拆开? take down 拿下，记下? take.for. 误认为? take in 吸收，接纳? take up 拿起从事占据例句 Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonights party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了队，以便我能够回去弄点儿吃的。8. used to (1) used to do sth. 过去常常(现在已不如此) We used to grow beautiful roses. 注意：否定句和疑问句有两种 You usednt to make that mistake. She didnt use(d) to do it, did she? You used to smoke a pipe, didnt you? / use(d) nt you? (2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 习惯于 I have always been used to hard work. He got used to living in the country. (3) be used to do 被用来做 This knife is used to cut bread. 表示“过去常常”时，used to与would区别： (1) would 只强调“过去常常”，used to 说明现在不是如此。 The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing. (2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.9. watch out 当心；注意 Youll be cheated if you dont watch out. (1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心 You must always watch out for the traffic here! (2) watch over 照看；看守；负责 The mother bird is watching over her young.10. 含“动词 + out”短语 come out 出来，出版，传出 go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴 look out 当心，注意 take out 拿出，取出，带出去 rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产 try out 尝试，试验 watch out 小心 wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨 f