小学牛津英语5A语法归纳.doc

五年级英语语法总结一1. there be 句型表示“某处有某物”。be动词要根据“物”的单复数变化： 单数is，复数are, 不可数名词用is.例：There is a book on the desk.There are some books on the desk.There is some orange juice in the glass. 2.there be 句型变一般疑问句时, be动词提前, some 变为any。 例：Is there a book on the desk? Yes, there is. Are there any books on the desk? No, there arent. Is there any orange juice in the glass? Yes, there is. 3. 就近原则：be动词根据离它最近名词单复数选择is或 are。 例：There is a swing and two slides in the garden. There are two slides and a swing in the garden. 4.某处没有某物 例：There is no bread on the plate. There isnt any bread on the plate. There arent any pictures on the plate.二 have, has表示“某人有某物”1. have用于I, we, you, they或复数人称：I/We/You/They/Ben and Mike have a table.2. has 用于第三人称单数（ he, she, it，单数人称）He/She/My father has a bike.3. 疑问句：What do you have? I have a doll. What does he have? He has a book.三 how many (多少)后的可数名词要用复数。How many buses are there? There are twenty.四 介词归类in on under behind near 在里面 在上面 在下面 在后面 在旁边 五 疑问词归类what where when which why什么 哪里 什么时间 哪一个 为什么who whos whose how how old谁 是谁 谁的 怎么样 多大how many how much how about what time多少 多少（钱） 怎么样 几点六 星期归类Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday星期天 星期一 星期二 星期三Thursday Friday Saturday星期四 星期五 星期六 在星期几前用介词on I make model planes on Sunday.七like + 名词复数 I like toy horses.like + 动词ing (V-ing) I like cooking.八现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。构成：be动词（am/is/are）+V-ing如变一般疑问句, be动词提前, 见到“我”变成“你”（I变you，we 变you）例： I am standing.Are you standing? Yes, I am. He is sitting.Is he sitting? No, he isnt. We are running.Are you running? Yes, we are.动词V + ing 的构成规则1. 一般情况下加ing: sleeping, playing, doing2. 一个元音+ 一个辅音结尾的词，双写这一辅音字母再加ing: running, sitting, swimming3. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing：havehaving, writewriting, liveliving, likeliking, dancedancing九do, does 都有“做”的意思，用在有动词的句子里，它们的用法区别如下： 1. does 用于第三人称单数（he, she, it, 单数人称） What does he have? He has a pot. Does Mike go to school? Yes, he does. 2. do用于其他人称（I, we, you, they, 复数人称） How many blankets do you have? I have two. Do they like football? No, they dont.十代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称Imemymineweusourours第二人称youyouyouryoursyouyouyouryours第三人称hehimhishissheherherhersitititsitstheythemtheirtheirs1. 动词后用宾格: She can see me. Ms Wu teaches us English.2. 形容词性物主代词+名词: This is my book. Her pen is on the desk.3. 名词性物主代词后什么都不加: This book is mine. The pen on the desk is hers.十一.开音节和闭音节1. 开音节有两种：以元音字母结尾的音节叫开音节。例：we, she, go 以辅音字母+不发音的e结尾（r除外）的音节，也叫开音节。例：name, white, driver, baker等。元音字母在开音节中读该字母的名称音：a/ /, e/ /, i/ /, o/ /, u/ /2. 闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的重读音节叫闭音节。例：map, desk, sit, clock, cup等。元音字母在闭音节中读短音：a/ /,e/ /, i/ /, o/ /, u/ /.3.a在开音节中读/ /: bookcase, baseball, late, make, plane在闭音节中读/ /:bag, cap, tap, happy, hat, black在辅音字母f, n, s前一般发/ /:after, basketball, class e在开音节中读/ /:evening, see, me 在闭音节中读/ /: