小学生过去式过去分词.doc

，1）关键词：yesterday, last., .ago, just now, a moment ago.此外，如果是this morning等也要用过去式，主要看说话的时间和动作发生的时间前后关系。2）关键句型： What did.do.? 如;What did you do last weekend？ Where was/were .? 如：Where was he yesterday? Did .? 如：Did you see the film yesterday? Was/Were .? 如; Was your coat on the bed just now?3）动词：a. be动词（was, were）b.实意动词：go-went, play- played, dance-danced, collect-collected, pick-picked, sing- sang, run-ran, jump-jumped, swim-swam, get-got, drink-drank, eat-ate, draw-drew, fly-flew,make-made,sit-sat等c.助动词：do-did4)规则动词的变化形式：a. 直接加edb. 以不发音的e结尾，加d。如：dance-danced, taste-tastedc. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstoppedd.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried5）不规则动词的变化形式，大致有这样一些记忆法 ：a. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut,b. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspentc. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearntd. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrewe. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmeltf.含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank二，A、动词过去式的变化形式 规则变化： 1. 一般在动词原形后面加ed。如：walk- walked,play-played,jump-jumped, 2. 以不发音e结尾的动词，直接在末尾加d。如：skate-skated,like-liked 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加ed。此条件不好掌握，可以这样记：先判定是重读闭音节结尾，末尾是“辅音字母+元音字母（读旁音，即读除了字母表之外的音。）+辅音字母”时，双写末尾辅音字母加ed。如shop-shopped, 不规则变化的有：had,said,got,did,hit,found,ran,lay,brought,shone,knew,grew, went,saw,ate,thought, bought,taught,fell,broke,hurt, lost,won,was,were。 常见的有下面几个：go-went, eat-ate,see-saw, buy-bought,teach-taught, think-thought,fall-fell,break-broke,hurt-hurt,is,am-was,are-were。用下面这一段话来记：昨天，我去饭店吃饭，看到Danny，给他买了球，教他玩，他认为他会，可是他摔倒了，摔断了尾巴，他的尾巴受伤了，他很可怜，是不是？ B、规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音： 1. 在清辅音后读作t。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作d。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3. 在t / d后读作id。如：wanted, needed三，不规则动词过去式和过去分词A. 原型，过去式， 和 过去分词 完全不同drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sungsink-sank-sunk blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-knownfly -flew-flown take-took-taken shake-shook-shaken drive-drove-drivenwrite-wrote-written rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenforget-forgot-forgotten choose-chose-chosen draw-drew-drawn eat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallen give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden see-saw-seendo-did-doneB. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught sell-sold-sold tell-told-told say-said-saidpay-paid-paid send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spentburn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant feel-felt-feltsmell-smelt-smelt sleep-slept-slept sweep-slept-slept leave-left-leftbuild-built-built lose-lost-lost get-got-got meet-met-metsit-sat-sat shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led spit-spat-spathave-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made stand-stood-stoodhear-heard-heard find-found-found dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shoneunderstand-understood-understood win-won-wonC.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cast-cast-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-sethit-hit-hit shut-shut-shuthang-hung-hung 吊，挂 lie-lied-lied 说谎 lie-lay-lain 躺下，位于，平放hanged-hanged 处绞刑 lay-laid-laid 置放。动词 过去式be (am is) wasare werecome camego wentdo (does) didfly flewdraw drewmake madesing sanghave (has) hadeat atedrink drankput putlet letread readcan couldsee sawmeet metget gotforget forgottake tookcan couldmay mightshall shouldwill wouldknow knewbegin beganbend bentbuild builtspend spentmean meantlearn learnt learnedbuy boughtthink thoughtteach taughtcatch caughtsleep sleptsweep sweptkeep keptspeak spokeride rodefeel feltleave leftgive gaverun ranring rangsit satswim swamsay saidstand stoodtell toldthrow threwwin wonwrite wrote不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heardh :d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook不规则动词过去式和过去分词巧记方法 动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点，但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。 A、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如： cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 B、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如： come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome C、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如：lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如：sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如：keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如：buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如：say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如：have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如： 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如：rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten四，概念：表示过去了的动作或事件。例句：A:What did you do last weekend?B:I played football.A:Did you read books?B:Yes,I did.构成表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted（2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如：stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go - went，make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was，are-were ，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent, eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,fell-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take,took,catch-caught,come-camebecome-became,swim-swam，sweepswept，singsang，drawdrew，用法：（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。（2）一般过去时态：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。时间标志：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语。如：I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。When did you go to the park? （你是什么时候去的公园）。I went to the park last week. （我是上周去的公园）在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态；第二句和第三句属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。1 Be 动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语如：We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。)否定回答： No, I wasnt. (不，我没病。)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？读法：规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：1. 在清辅音后读作t。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作d。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called3. 在t / d后读作id。如：wanted, needed不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank不规则变化动词表：原形 过去式过去分词abide abode,abided abode,alightarise arose arisenawake awoke，awaked awokenbe was, were beenbear bore borne, bornbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebefall befell befallenbeget begot begotten, begotbegin began begunbehold beheld beheldbend bent bentbereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereftbeseech besought, beseeched besought, beseechedbeset beset besetbespeak bespoke bespoken, bespokebespread bespread bespreadbestrew bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewnbestride bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrodebet bet, betted bet, bettedbetake betook betakenbethink bethought bethoughtbid bade, bid bidden, bidbide bode, bided bidedbind bound boundbite bit bitten, bitbleed bled bledblend blended, blent blended, blentbless blessed, blest blessed, blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcastedbrowbeat browbeat browbeatenbuild built builtburn burnt, burned burnt, burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcan could -cast cast castcatch caught caughtchide chid, chided chid, chidden, chidedchoose chose chosencleave cleaved, cleft, clove cleaved, cleftcleave clave clovencling clung clungclothe clothed, clad clothed, cladcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed, crew crowedcut cut cutdare dared, durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdispread dispread dispreaddo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamtdrink drank drunkdrive drove drivendwell dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelledeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownfly fled fledfly flied fliedforbear forbore forborneforbid forbade, forbad forbiddenforecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecastedfordo fordid fordoneforego forewent foregoneforeknow foreknew foreknownforerun foreran forerunforesee foresaw foreseenforeshow foreshowed foreshownforetell foretold foretoldforget forgot forgotten, forgotforgive forgave forgivenforsake forsook forsakenforswear forswore forswornfreeze froze frozengainsay gainsaid gainsaidget got got, gottengild gilded, gilt gildedgird girded, girt girded, girtgive gave givengo went gonegrave graved graven, gravedgrind ground groundgrow grew grownhamstring hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed, hamstrunghang hung hunghang hanged hangedhave had hadhear heard heardheave heaved, hove heaved, hovehew hewed hewed, hewnhide hid hidden, hidhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtinlay inlaid inlaidkeep kept keptkneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeledknit knitted, knit knitted, knitknow knew knownlade laded laded, ladenlay laid laidlead led ledlean leaned, leant leaned, leantleap leapt, leaped leapt, leapedlearn learnt, learned learnt, learnedleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlight lit litlight lighted lightedlose lost lostmake made mademay might -mean meant meantmeet met metmelt melted melted, meltenmisdeal misdealt misdealtmisgive misgave misgivenmislay mislaid mislaidmislead misled misledmistake mistook mistakenmisunderstand misunderstood misunderstoodmow mowed mowed, mownmust must -ought ought -outbid outbade, outbid outbidden, outbidoutbreed outbred outbredoutdo outdid outdoneouteat outate outeatenoutfight outfought outfoughtoutgo outwent outgoneoutgrow outgrew outgrownoutlay outlaid outlaidoutride outrode outriddenoutrun outran outrunoutsell outsold outsoldoutshine outshone o