英语专业毕业论文-论萧伯纳《皮格马利翁》中伊莉莎的女性独立.doc

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目： 论萧伯纳皮格马利翁中伊莉莎的女性独立 学院： 外国语学院 专业： 机器翻译 班级： 2009级机器翻译班 学生姓名： XX 学号： XXXXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称： 讲师 1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨萧伯纳皮格马利翁中女性独立对女性幸福的重要影响。其主要任务是通过阐述女性独立意识对女性幸福生活的重要影响呼吁女性要独立。2、论文（设计）的主要内容 本论文分为三章，第一章介绍伊莉莎独立意识形成的原因，第二章介绍伊莉莎独立意识的具体表现，最后一章介绍独立意识给伊莉莎人生带来的影响。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线 本论文的基础条件是不同的文学家、评论家及作者本人对作品的解读。研究路线是对萧伯纳皮格马利翁中女主人公伊莉莎的女性独立意识为其生活带来的影响进行详细分析。4、主要参考文献George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion and Major Barbara, 贵州科技出版社，1992.The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy, Cambridge University Press.萧伯纳.卖花女M.杨宪益,译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001。塔特洛克，希腊罗马神话，中央编译出版社，2012。陈敏，皮格马利翁效应：用赞美、信任和期待来改变个人和团队的成功法则，北京工业大学出版社，2005。沃特斯（朱刚、马晓蓉译），女权主义简史，外语教学与研究出版社，2008。5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份 XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书 外国语 学院 机器翻译 专业 XXX 届学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目论萧伯纳皮格马利翁中伊莉莎的女性独立指导教师XXX专业职称讲师 所属教研室商务英语教研室研究方向英语语言文学课题论证：通过研究萧伯纳皮格马利翁中女主人公伊莉莎的独立意识对其生活的影响来探讨女性独立意识对女性幸福的重要影响。方案设计：第一章介绍伊莉莎独立意识形成的原因，第二章介绍伊莉莎独立意识的具体表现， 第三章介绍独立意识给伊莉莎人生带来的影响。进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目 3月23日前写开题报告、任务书3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见： 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名XX学院外国语学院专业机器翻译年级（班）2009级机器翻译班论 文 题 目论萧伯纳皮格马利翁中伊莉莎的女性独立完成时间2012/4/20论文内容摘要萧伯纳是二十世纪英国最伟大的戏剧家，皮格马利翁是他最著名的剧作之一。这部作品深受读者喜爱，后被改拍为电影，萧伯纳也因此成为了唯一一个既获得诺贝尔文学奖又获得奥斯卡奖的剧作家。萧伯纳的作品多反映女权主义，他所塑造的强大的女性形象撞击了人们对男女关系的固有观念, 唤醒了女性，自立、自强、自尊的意识, 推动了西方女权主义的发展。皮格马利翁中的女主人公伊莉莎就是其中杰出的代表之一。皮格马利翁讲述的是一个满口伦敦土语的卖花女如何在一位语言学教授的教导和培训下变成一个上流社会的贵妇。这个故事一方面讽刺了当时的上流社会-一个以纯正的英音为骄傲，因人的口音而判断他人地位的社会，曾被人们所轻视的卖花女经过6个月的训练被人们当做是皇室的公主，这反映当时上流社会中人们的盲目自大与无知；另一方面，这个故事也强调了女性独立意识的重要性，伊莉莎正是因为自己的自尊自强才从一个伦敦街头的卖花女变为了一个上流社会的贵妇。本论文通过分析伊莉莎因自立自强而获得幸福生活的过程来探讨女性的独立意识是如何改变自身命运的。它包括三个部分：第一章从当时的社会压力及伊莉莎自身家庭的条件两方面来分析伊莉莎具有独立意识的原因；第二章对伊莉莎独立意识的具体行为表现进行了描述；第三章阐述了伊莉莎通过自立自强而创造的幸福生活。 指导教师评语 年 月 日指 导 教 师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewGeorge Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) is an outstanding critical realistic dramatist of the 20th century. In his life, he created lots of well-known plays and works. Pygmalion is one of Shaws best-known plays. It is a play based on Ovids tale of Pygmalion. It tells the story of Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, who makes a bet with his friend Colonel Pickering that he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a refined society lady merely by teaching her how to speak with an upper class accent and training her in etiquette. The play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a comment on womens independence, packaged as a romantic comedy. This play gets an enormous success all over the world. This essay will discuss the process of Elizas changing of image and arising of spirit from the Greek myth archetype. Meanwhile, it will also display the authors effort to explore female self -creation.In Ovids narrative, Pygmalion was a Cypriot sculptor who carved a woman out of ivory. According to Ovid, after seeing the Propoetides prostituting themselves (more accurately, they denied the divinity of Aphrodite and she thus reduced them to prostitution), he was not interested in women, but his statue was so fair and realistic that he fell in love with it. In the vertex, Aphrodites festival day came. For the festival, Pygmalion made offerings to Aphrodite and made a wish. I sincerely wished the ivory sculpture will be changed to a real woman. However, he couldnt bring himself to express it. When he returned home, Cupid sent by Aphrodite kissed the ivory sculpture on the hand. At that time, it was changed to a beautiful woman. A ring was put on her finger. It was Cupids ring which made love achieved. Aphrodite granted his wish. Pygmalion married the ivory sculpture changed to a woman under Aphrodites blessing. In Shaws play, Professor of phonetics Henry Higgins makes a bet that he can train a bedraggled Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to pass for a duchess at an ambassadors garden party by teaching her to assume a veneer of gentility, the most important element of which, he believes, is impeccable speech. The play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a comment on womens independence, packaged as a romantic comedy.In the late of 19 century and early of 20 century, Englishmen are very proud of the orthodox English and regard it as the representation of elegance. People even determine somebodys social identity based on his or her English accent. However, a girl who sales flowers on the street of London becomes very good at this language with 6 months learning. So the self independence is more important than the class awareness. In traditional social concept, only when a girl getting into marriage and having a baby that she becomes a significant and full woman. At the same time, because of womens low economic status in family, few of them have the power to make decision. So that in the traditional structure of marriage, women are just as a accessory of a family.As the writer of Pygmalion, Shaw was a famous exponent of Feminism in western world. He sympathized that women were oppressed in that society and encouraged them to walk into the society and strive for independence. Therefore, most of the women protagonists that Bernard Shaw created were strong, brave, smart and independent. Only through hard endeavor and unremitting struggle could they get the right way of living and finally realize the genuine independence both in economy and society, just as Eliza. Eliza courageously strode out of gutter she used to stay in and headed towards her goal of independence. And afterwards, she became the guardian of Higgins as well as his house -only she expressly knew where Higgins things had gone or what kind of appointments he had to go. Eliza had become such an indispensable part of Higgins life that Higgins would cast about for Eliza all around since she had left. Higgins had grown accustomed to her and relied on her much. Higgins could not live without her, whereas Eliza was independent and could live without anybody. In the end Eliza got thorough independence, realized her self-value and the true value of the transformation from a flower girl to a proper lady.First-wave feminism was a period of activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In the UK and US, it focused on the promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. By the end of the nineteenth century, activism focused primarily on gaining political power, particularly the right of womens suffrage, though some feminists were active in campaigning for womens sexual, reproductive, and economic rights as well. Louise Weiss along with other Parisian suffragettes in 1935. The newspaper headline reads The Frenchwoman Must Vote. Womens suffrage was achieved in Britains Australasian colonies at the close of the 19th century, with the self-governing colonies of New Zealand and South Australia granting women the right to vote in 1893 and 1895 respectively. It was followed by Australia permitting women to stand for parliamentary office and granting women the right to vote. In Britain the Suffragettes and the Suffragists campaigned for the womens vote, and in 1918 the Representation of the People Act was passed granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned houses. In 1928 this was extended to all women over twenty-one. In the U.S., notable leaders of this movement included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. This thesis will analyze how Eliza acquires her happy life with her awareness of independence. It consists of three parts. Chapter One analyzes the reasons of Elizas independence, in which the pressure from the society and her family serves as the main factor. Chapter Two describes the manifestations of Elizas independence. Chapter Three studies the results of Elizas independence, which include earning the love of Professor Higgins and the ability to live happily in her own way.XXXX本科生毕业论文册题目： 论萧伯纳皮格马利翁中伊莉莎的女性独立 作者姓名 XX 指导教师 XXX 所在学院 外国语学院 专业（系） 机器翻译 班级（届） 2009级 完成日期 2013 年 4 月 20 日Analysis of Elizas Independence in George Bernard Shaws PygmalionBYXXX XXXX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English At XXXXUniversityApril 20th, 2013 Abstract George Bernard Shaw was the greatest playwright of England in 20th Century. And Pygmalion is the most famous drama of him. This work is deeply loved by the readers, and it was adapted into a movie later. Bernard Shaw becomes the only person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize in Literature and an Oscar because of this. George Bernard Shaw made a lot of images of women, and the strong images he made shaped the traditional concept of the relationship between men and women, and the images rouse women as well. The awareness of independence, self-esteem and self-improvement push forward the development of western feminism. Eliza, the heroine of Pygmalion is one of the outstanding representatives. The story of Pygmalion tells that how a flower girl does from the streets of London becomes a high class lady within six months study in phonetics. The story satirizes the high society of that time. In that society, People determine others social identity based on his or her English accent. Yet, a flower girl, who was looked down upon by the high class, is regarded as a royal princess after 6 months training of phonetics. That reflects the blind arrogance and ignorance of the high class. On the other hand, the story also stresses the importance of womens awareness of independence. The reason why Eliza transfers from a flower girl into a high class lady is her awareness of independence and self-improvement. This thesis will analyze how Eliza acquires her happy life with her awareness of independence. It consists of three parts. Chapter one analyzes the reasons of Elizas independence, in which the pressure from the society and her family serves as the main factor. Chapter two describes the manifestations of Elizas independence. Chapter three studies the results of Elizas independence, which include earning the love of Professor Higgins and the ability to live happily in her own way. Key words women awareness of independence happiness摘 要 萧伯纳是二十世纪英国最伟大的戏剧家，皮格马利翁是他最著名的剧作之一。这部作品深受读者喜爱，后被改拍为电影，萧伯纳也因此成为了唯一一个既获得诺贝尔文学奖又获得奥斯卡奖的剧作家。萧伯纳的作品多反映女权主义，他所塑造的强大的女性形象撞击了人们对男女关系的固有观念, 唤醒了女性，自立、自强、自尊的意识, 推动了西方女权主义的发展。皮格马利翁中的女主人公伊莉莎就是其中杰出的代表之一。皮格马利翁讲述的是一个满口伦敦土语的卖花女如何在一位语言学教授的教导和培训下变成一个上流社会的贵妇。这个故事一方面讽刺了当时的上流社会-一个以纯正的英音为骄傲，因人的口音而判断他人地位的社会，曾被人们所轻视的卖花女经过6个月的训练被人们当作是皇室的公主，这反映当时上流社会中人们的盲目自大与无知；另一方面，这个故事也强调了女性独立意识的重要性，伊莉莎正是因为自己的自尊自强才从一个伦敦街头的卖花女变为了一个上流社会的贵妇。本论文通过分析伊莉莎因自立自强而获得幸福生活的过程来探讨女性的独立意识是如何改变自身命运的。它包括三个部分：第一章从当时的社会压力及伊莉莎自身家庭的条件两方面来分析伊莉莎具有独立意识的原因；第二章对伊莉莎独立意识的具体行为表现进行了描述；第三章阐述了伊莉莎通过自立自强而创造的幸福生活。关键词 女性 独立意识 幸福Table of ContentsIntroduction1Chapter One. The Reasons for Elizas Independence.4A. Social Background.5B. Personal Background.6Chapter Two. The Manifestation of Elizas Independence .8A. Before Taking the Class: Unwilling to Mediocrity.8B. After Taking the Class: Never Loss Herself.10Chapter Three. The Result of Elizas Independence.13A. Enjoying a Happy Life.13B. Earning Professor Higgins Love.14Conclusion17Notes19Bibliography20xiiiIntroductionIn Greek Mythology, Pygmalion is a king of Cyprus, he is good at carving. But he doesnt interest in any of the girls in his country, he thinks the girls are all foolish and troublesome, so he decides to marry no one. One day, he makes a perfect sculpture of a girl, and considers it as a consummate one, than he falls deeply in love with it. He talks with it and touches it everyday. He prays Venus, the goddess of beauty and love, to change it into a human. Venus is moved by Pygmalion and then agrees with it, she brings the statue to life. Pygmalion then married the girl that changed from the ivory sculpture under Venus blessing. They have a son later, named Paphos. They also have a daughter, Metharme. In George Bernard Shaws script Pygmalion, there is a same story. In the story, two men named separately Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are both in deep interested in phonetics, the study of speaking sounds. They make a bet with each other that Professor Higgins can transform a flower girl from the streets of London into a high class lady within six months. This scene takes place in Covent Garden market, where Freddy and his mother, together with his sister have taken shelter from the rain after watching a play. They are joined by a flower girl. Their conversation is overheard by Henry Higgins, whose hobby is to record overheard speech by the people around phonetically, so that he can recreate it exactly. He declares to be able to identify exactly where people come from based on the sound of their speech. Higgins considers that the flower girl Eliza should be ashamed for her terrible accent, because in the late of 19 century and early of 20 century, Englishmen are very proud of the orthodox English and regard it as the representation of elegant. What elses, Higgins thinks women are foolish and troublesome like Pygmalion thinks, so he always treat women rudely. During Higgins training with Eliza, he talks to Eliza impolitely and barely lets her rest. But at last, just at the moment when Eliza finishes her task and is ready to leave, does Professor Higgins realize that he falls deeply in love with Eliza. The story is very familiar with the mythology of Pygmalion, especially the characters of the hero. Thats probably the reason why Bernard Shaw named it Pygmalion. The play was first performed in 1914. And then in the mid-1930s, film producer Gabriel Pascal acquired the rights to produce film versions of some George Bernard Shaws plays, Pygmalion is one of them. However, George Bernard Shaw refused to adapt Pygmalion into a musical, because of his bad experience with The Chocolate Soldier; a Viennese operetta based on his play Arms and the Man. It was not until George Bernard Shaw died in 1950, that Pascal achieved the goal to write the musical adaptation. George Bernard Shaw had ever written a different script for the 1938 film version of Pygmalion, and the musicals script used several scenes of the new one, including the Embassy Ball sequence and the final scene. They preferred the new ending rather than the original one. The play was successful obviously; it can be seen since the first performance in Vienna. Shortly after it was translated into four languages soon later, it keeps being attractive by the people from all countries in the following years. The first movie came to people in 1935 and it was famous and popular worldly as the musical “My Fair Lady” by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe in 1956. But no one has ever thought of this success before its premiere. There are many big problems during making it, such as casting a fifty year old actress for the 18 year-old character Eliza, as well as dealing with differences between George Bernard Shaws and the directors methods of putting a play on stage. Whats more, the director also wanted to change the end of George Bernard Shaws authentic version into a happy ending. Although the problems are hard to dealing with, the result proves that their effort worth it. George Bernard Shaw (26/7/1856 2/11/1950) is an Irish playwright, he was born in Dublin, the capital of Irish. His father has ever worked in court, and than turns to do business. His father got into the habit of drinking because of the failure in business. After that his mother went to London to teach music. Under the effected of his mother, George Bernard Shaw was fond of music and painting since he was a little boy. He wrote more than 60 plays all life long. He was an essayist, novelist and short story writer too. Nearly all his works reflect social problems, but he makes their stark themes more comfortable through the form of comedy. George Bernard Shaw usually engaged attention to the issues of education, marriage, religion; government, health care, and class privilege. In 1898, George Bernard Shaw got in marriage with Charlotte