高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略3 找准信息点 词义轻松猜课件 外研版

必修三,第一部分,专题突破解题策略(三),找准信息点，词义轻松猜,词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的必考题型，它实际上是考查考生根据语境来推断画线单词、词组或句子的意思的能力。猜测类型可分为单词猜词、短语猜词和句意猜词这三种。近几年，词义猜测题越来越受到命题者的青睐，近年大部分地区的高考英语试卷都有词义猜测题，有的甚至涉及多道，词义猜测题要求考生在准确理解上下文的基础上答题，若平时就具有较大的阅读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇，那答题就会更加迅速和准确。,1利用上下文语境及生活常识猜测,(2016全国高考C) Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.,. 30What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? AThe book. BAn adventure. CA public place. DThe identification number. 解析：A 根据第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide.”可知，此处的“it”指的是“the book”。故选A项。,(2015四川高考D) . He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.” And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. .,44What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean? AActive at night. BInactive at night. CActive during the day. DInactive during the day. 解析：A 本文主要介绍了一项研究调查的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。 根据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being.可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，故选择A，指晚上很兴奋。,2利用构词法猜测 利用上下文中出现的与该词相关的同义词，近义词，甚至反义词，以及前缀、后缀，词根等来推测词义。,(2014陕西高考B) .My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henrys.,51The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means _. Anamed Btreated Cproved Ddescribed 解析：C authentic的意思是“真正的；真实的”，根据构词法可以推知该词为authentic的动词形式，意为“证明是真实的”，故答案选C项。,3利用定义，解释，举例进行猜测 此类题目会出现类似于：for example, such as, mean, refer to, that is to say, in other words等词汇或出现破折号、冒号等。,(2016全国高考C) I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.,29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? Aprovider Bdelivery man Ccollector Dmedical doctor 解析：B 根据第一段中的“Since March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box”可知，作者是干细胞传递员。故选B。,4根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系进行猜测 在一个句子或段落中，有时会存在两个句子之间的转折，递进，因果，并列，对比等关系的词汇：however, but, so, thus, instead of, in contrast, whats more等过渡性词汇。,(2016北京高考D) . For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly.,Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. . 68The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means_. Achange Bchoice Ctext Dextension 解析：A 从第二段画线词所在的语境看，此处指从家庭的庇护到有自主性和成年人的责任之间的转变，因此该词的含义是A，“转变”。,(2016天津高考C) . The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. .,49What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? AQuick to react. BHaving a thin edge. CClear and definite. DSudden and rapid. 解析：C 根据画线词后面的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities.less likel