中考英语复习第二部分语法专题攻略专题六介词及介词短语课件

2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,专题六 介词及介词短语,【语法讲解】 1. 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语),2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,2. 常用介词的用法辨析 （1）表时间的介词 at, in on 表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册, since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如： I havent heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册, in, after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如： He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four oclock. He returned after a month.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（2）表示地点的介词 at, in, on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册, over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如： There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册, across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如： The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,3. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 （1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。 （2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 （3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,典型例题1： When will Mr Black come to Beijing? _ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 解析：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。 典型例题2： The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on 解析：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的 时候用介词to。应选C。,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,【2014-2016 本土真题】 ( ) 1. (2015云南) The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _June 12th to June 16th. A. on B. in C. at D. from （ ）2.（2014 云南） Excuse me. Could you tell me the way the nearest supermarket? Go down the street and turn left. Then youll see it. A . to B. of C. in D. at,D,A,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（ ）3. (2013 云南) The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil June 12 _July 13, 2014. A. in; to B. in; to C. at; from D. from; to ( ) 4. (2016 昆明) Shanghai Disneyland opened _ June 16th, 2016. We are thirsty to go. A. in B. on C. at D. of,D,B,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（ ）5. (2015昆明) Ladies and gentlemen, welcome China- South Asia EXPO. A. on B. in C. at D. to （ ）6(2016曲靖)What do you think of your teacher? He is perfect and plays an important role helping us in our school life A. on B. up C. in D. with,D,C,2017云南省初中学业水平考试 复习指导手册,（ ）7. (2015曲靖) You have to put the past you befo