施心远听力教材1第二版unit13与unit15听力原文与答案.doc

Unit12SectionI1.急救是一种在专业医疗救护到达之前对意外伤害或事故的受害者所进行的医疗救护。2.知道如何在紧急情况下进行急救，可能就意味着一个人的生死。3.一种称为心肺复苏的急救方法，简称CPR，可以挽救心脏病、溺水和休克病人的生命。4.在美国，CPR训练包括使用防护布或面罩覆盖嘴巴。5.这有助于防止在做口对口复苏急救时传播疾病。SectionIIDialogueDABCDCDDPassage1.LifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin1901was49yearswhileattheendofthecenturyitincreasedto77years.2.Psychologistsfoundthatpeoplewhoentertainedpositivethoughtsregardingthemselvesandtheirfuturehealthlivedsevenyearslongerthanthosewithnegativeattitudes.3.Wetendtoregardmedicaldisordersasthecauseofpoorhealthorshortenedlifespan,but,really,theirsignificanceissmallwhencomparedtotheimpactofthepsychologicalfactorsonhealth.4.Exercise,weightlossornon-smokingcanincreasethelifespan.Anotheravenuetorejuvenationisthroughcreativity.5.TheUSCensusBureaupredictedthattheUSAwouldeventuallyhave5.3millionpeopleagedover100in2100.FTTTTTFTEx.21Itincreasedfrom49intheyear1901to77attheendofthecentury,anincreaseof57%.2Inhumanhistory,preventingearlydeathsisthemaincauseoftheincreaseinlifeexpectancy.3Wegetolderbecauseofthreethings:agingofarteries,dysfunctionoftheimmunesystem,andaccidentsandenvironmentalhazards.4He/shecouldpotentiallyfeelasyoungasa44-year-old.5ThemainstreamviewisthatlifeexpectancyintheUSwillbeinthemid-80sbytheyear2050(upfrom77today)andwilltopouteventuallyinthelow90s.SectionIIIItem1:A.aserioussnowstormthathitNewYorkCity,US.96kilometersanhour/localizeddrifting/68.3centimeters/blizzard/18691) Theroadnetworkinmanyplacesisimpassable.2)Mostoftheairportsintheregionhavebeenclosed,withhundredsofflightscancelled.3)PassengersontransatlanticflightsheadingintoNewYorkhave,insomecases,foundthemselvesdivertedtoalternativedestinations.workednon-stop/keepstreetsandavenuesopen/peoplemakingtheirwaydownBroadwayonskisItem2:A.theevacuationofpeoplelivinginvillagesclosetoVolcanoMerapiwhichisabouttoerupt.B.TFFTTItem3:A.theheavystormsandtheireffectsinEastAsia.B.landslides/severalhundredhousestocollapse/theworstflooding/trapped/missing/landslidesandflooding/drownedinsidehiscar/deadinagutterSectionIVPartI:A.Saturday/100/float/tide/senses/effect/aroma/crackling/keep/refuelingB.1)WaterFireattracts1millionvisitorseachyear,andbringsbusinesstodowntownrestaurants,hotelsandentertainmentvenues.Itbringsmorethan33milliondollarsinbusinesstothecityannually.2)Itsetsagoodexampletootherriverfrontcities.PartIIDictation:1.AnewstudypublishedinthecurrentissueofAmericanJournalofPublicHealthsuggeststhatmensbehaviormaybetoblame.2.IthasbeenreportedthatateveryageAmericanmaleshavepoorerhealthandahigherriskofmortalitythanfemales.3.Asifthatwerentenough,mentendtoworkinmoredangeroussettingsthanwomen,andthusaccountfor90%ofon-the-jobfatalities,mostlyinagriculture.4.Inlow-lyingfloodzones,menaremorelikelytodrivearoundbarricadesanddrowninhighwater.5.Thesereasonsalonewouldcertainlycontributetoashorterlifespanformen,buttheproblemmaybeevenmoreprofound.CABDDBADUnit13SectionI6.Avianinfluenza,or“birdflu”,isacontagiousdiseaseofanimalscausedbyvirusesthatnormallyinfectonlybirdsand,lesscommonly,pigs.7.Whileallbirdspeciesarethoughttobesusceptibletoinfection,domesticpoultryflocksareespeciallyvulnerabletoinfectionsthatcanrapidlyreachepidemicproportions.8.Thecurrentoutbreakofbirdfluisdifferentfromearlieronesinthatofficialshavebeenunabletocontainitsspread.9.RapideliminationoftheH5N1virusamonginfectedbirdsandotheranimalsisessentialtopreventingamajoroutbreak.10.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsthatinfectedorexposedflocksofchickensandotherbirdsbekilledinordertohelppreventfurtherspreadofthevirusandreduceopportunitiesforhumaninfection.1.禽流感是一种由病毒引起的动物接触性传染病，通常只感染禽类，在少数情况下也会感染猪。2.尽管所有的鸟类都会受感染，但是家禽群体特别容易受感染，而且会迅速造成大规模爆发流行。3.目前爆发的禽流感与早些时期的禽流感不同，因为官方还无法控制它的传播。4.迅速杀灭受感染的禽类和其他动物体内的H5N1病毒对预防禽流感的大规模爆发极其重要。5.世界卫生组织建议捕杀所有受感染和有接触史的鸡群和其他禽类，以防止病毒的进一步传播和减少人类受感染的机会。SectionIIDialogueTFTFFTTTFFPassage6.Asthesunclimbstoitsnoondayapex,thebeardedmantakesoffhisstrawhat,wipesthesweatfromhisbrow,andsitsbehindateamofmules,plowingthecornfield.7.Soonhellheadhometothefarmhouse,wherehiswifehasjusthungouttheweekswash.8.Theywillsitdowntoasimplemeal:breadthathisdaughtershavebaked,vegetablesfromthegarden,perhapssomefreshlymadestrawberrypreserves.9.Gardensarefullofripeningfruitsandvegetables,readytobepickedandpreservedforthewinter.10.Themagicalworkshopisachildswonderland:aminiaturewoodentableandchairset,doll-sizedcradlesandslightlybiggeronesfrotheirowners,andmini-farmhouses,completewithwoodenanimals.FTTTFTTTEx.21.YouwillseeacheerfulAmishgirlbehindthecounterscoophugehelpingsoftherichest,creamiesticecreamintowafercones.2.Thereligiousbeliefsforwhichtheylefttheirhomelandstilldefinetheirlives,fromtheirnametotheirlanguageaGermandialect,andtheirold-fashionedways.3.Theyconsiderthemodern21st-centuryconveniencestobevulgartemptations,andtheyeschewanypermanentphysicalconnectionto“theoutsideworld”gaslines,electricwires,telephones,computersandtelevisions.4.Afterthat,theboyshelptheirfathersonthefarmandthegirlswiththeirmothersathome.5.Becausethereareanarrayofarm-freshproduceandtypicalAmishfood.SectionIIIItem1:B.theseriousproblemofinsufficienthealthcareindevelopingcountries,especiallyinAfricancountries.C.Statistics:10%/24%/37%/3%/over50%/lessthan1%Analysis:1)AIDS/tuberculosis/malaria/childhoodvaccination/pregnantwomen2)moredoctorsandnurses/higherthaninAfrica/abraindrainofhealthprofessionals3)ethicalrecruitmentpolicies/internationalinvestment/morestaff/4million/1.3billionItem2:B.theWHOrecommendationsonthebesttimetostarttreatmentforHIV.C.1Fourmillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetakenanti-retroviraldrugs.2Fivemillionpeoplewhoneedthedrugshavenotgotthemyet.3HIVpatientsstarttakingdrugsbeforetheirimmunesystemsdisplaysymptoms.4Thetreatmentatthenewlyrecommendedlevelcouldincreasesurvivalbynearly70%.5Theywillsignificantlyreducethecosttohealthsystemsoftreatingopportunisticinfections,greatlyimprovelifeexpectancyofHIVpatients,bringhopetothefamiliesandsolvetheproblemsofreducedworkforce.Item3:A.Paristrafficchaoscausedbyone-waytrafficsystem.B.commuters/wasblocked/noentry/werebemused/converged/onesideroadAdecision/solvetheproblemofheavytrafficthroughhisborough/morevehicles/district/aone-waysystem/twodays/returnimmediately/trafficdisorderSectionIVPartI:A.TheArtofChoosing/theimpact/choices/over15years/thinksabout/practicelovemarriage/balance/adeeprespect/limitation/thepossibilitiesBAmericanstudents:independence,possibility,opportunityanddream/givemoreweighttowhattheywantforthemselvespersonallyJapanesestudents:responsibility,burdenandanxiety/placegreateremphasisonhowtheirchoiceswillaffectothersC1Iyengartakestheglobalfinancialcrisisasanexampletosupportherview.2Thecorporationschoosetosellhomemortgagestopeopletheyknewcouldnotaffordthem,andtheircustomerschoosetobuyhomesinspiteoftheirinabilitytopayforthem.3Theabovepracticeundoubtedlyleadstoputtingshort-termselfinterestaheadoflong-termconsequences.PartIIDictation:6.NowtimesarechangingandtheInuit,knownasEskimosdownsouth,areadaptingtothenewlivingenvironment.7.TheirbarrenhomelandbecameaCanadianterritory,Nunavut,in1999,andthisgavethemmoresayintheiraffairs.8.TotheInuit,polarbearshavespecialsignificance.ThisarchetypalsymbolofthemajestyandthreatoftheArcticgracesthegovernmentlogoandlicenseplatesofNunavut.9.Theynowarea“speciesofspecialconcern”duetopastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreats.10.TheNunavutWildlifeManagementBoardsetsayearlyhuntingquota.Itwas408forlastseason,thoughjust385bearswerekilled.Exercise1:DBACDACBExercise2:1.Heradviceincludes:brushthesnowoffyourcaribouskinparkaquicklydontpushyourselftoofastorhardavoidanykindofmoisture,whichcanbedeadlyintheArcticcoldthepackicemustbestrongenoughoutnearthewatertosupportdogsledsorsnowmobilesdunkingmeansdeathforpolarbearhunters.2.Theygenerallygooutforfoodatnightordaybreakandsleepintheafternoon.3.Theyhavetoscanwideexpansesoficeforbearsortheirtracks,andthenworkinteamstotrapthemontheicebetweentheopenwaterandtheshore.4.Theyarenowa“speciesofspecialconcern”becauseofpastover-harvesting,whichrosewiththeintroductionofsnowmobiles,andenvironmentalthreatssuchasglobalwarming.5.TheforeignsporthuntershavetopayUS$20,000ormoreforeachpolarbeartheykill.Unit14SectionI11.和其他西方国家，如加拿大、德国的政府不同，美国政府不向其公民提供由公共财政支出的医疗保障。12.公民必须购买健康保险，每年人均花费需要几千美元。13.如果一个公民没有这种保险的话，那他必须要么支付医疗费用，要么到别的价格低廉、有时是三等医疗机构或县医院就诊。14.各种州政府援助计划可以涵盖一些急诊或长期治疗的费用。15.在美国，医疗费用是造成个人破产的最常见的原因。SectionIIDialogue1.emergencyrockets/savethelives/20minutes/fire/unstrap/climbout/lift/getaway/top/occupants2blueness/brilliantwhite/brick-red/roads/darkness/lights3medicalexperiments/takingmeasurements/color/salt/water/vegetation4dangerous/launch/physicallyharder/athinlayerofveryhotair/crushingherlungs/fourandahalftimes/breathe/thisbigbump/hittheground/parachutes5plantatree/launchsite/flies/agood40feethigh/theveryend/cosmonauts/watered/soldiersPassage11.Povertytrendsvarysignificantlyfromcountrytocountry,butonefeatureisconstant:figuresforruralpovertyarewellabovethelevelofaveragepoverty.12.Mostofthosecountriesthathavefailedtoembarkonanagriculturalrevolutionremaintrappedinpoverty,hungerandeconomicstagnation.13.AmainreasonfortheinefficiencyoffarminginAfricaisthatthecropsgrownonthegreatmajorityofsmallfarmsarenotthehighyieldingvarietiesincommonuseonothercontinents.14.Whilesustainableruraldevelopmentisessentialtoachievethebroaderdevelopmentagenda,theformercannotberealizedwithoutadequatecommunityempowermentandparticipation.15.Consequently,therural-urbaneducationgapisincreasingmakingthetaskofsustainabledevelopmentevenmoredifficultandchallenging.CDDABCBASectionIIIItem1:D.theimpactofoilpriceincreasesonmajoroilproducersandtheconsumers.E.1Ithashadaspectacularimpactonthebottomlineatthemajoroilproducers.2TheyareShell,AmericasExxonMobilandBP.3Consumersarestrugglingwithnearrecordfuelprices.Predictablythishasstokedcomplaintsofprofiteeringbytheoilfirms.4TheyhavetalkedabouttougherrulesoncompanymergersandabusesofmarketpowerwithintheUSoilsector.5Theysayhealthyprofitsareneededtofundinvestmentinfindinganddevelopingnewenergysources.6BecauseinvestorswerentimpressedwithShellsrecordresults.Theywereexpectinganevenbetterfinancialperformance.Item2:D.thepensionscrisisfacingBritishfirms.E.FFFTFTItem3:A.thechangeoverofanaloguesignaltodigitalsignalintheUS.B.1Theyhavebeenbombardedwithaseriesofadverts,warningthemthattheanaloguesignalwouldbeswitchedoffonacertainday.2Theyareaskedtobuyset-topconverterboxes.3TheUSauthoritieshaveissuedcoupons,worth40dollarseach,tocovermostofthecost/havespent2billiondollarstosupportthesmoothtransition.4Thereare2.2millionhouseholdsthathavemadenopreparationforthedigitalchangeover.5Theyaretheelderlyandthelowincomehouseholds.SectionIVPart1:A.1Itiscalled“eco-school”program.2Theelementaryschoolprincipal(OumarSow)isthedirectoroftheprogram.3Becausetheoncefertilevillageisfacedwithdesertification.Riversaredryingup,grazinglandforcattleisscarce,andthedrysoilishardtofarm.4Theyarelearninghowtoidentifybiodegradablegarbage,howtomakecompost,howtoplantthetreesandhowtowaterthetreesintheirschoolyard.5The“show,donttell”philosophy/Thehands-onstrategyisthekeytotheprogramssuccess.B.FTTFTFPart2Dictation:11.Themultiplicityandcontradictorynatureofobjectiveswhichruraldevelopmentwasexpectedtoachieveoftendepriveditofacentralfocusandcontributedtoitsfailure.12.Whilsttheintentofallruraldevelopmentefforthasalwaysbeentobenefitthepoor,theresultshavenotbeenverypromising.13.Ruralpeopleinmanycountriesstilldonothaveaccesstobasicsocialservicessuchashealthcare,education,waterandsanitation.14.Marketsremainunderdeveloped,andinfrastructuredevelopmenthasnotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.15.Ingeneral,theoverallruraldevelopmentagendawasaffectedbytwofactors:oneisthatagendaitselfwasdeterminedbythosenotlivingintheruralcommunitiesandtheotheristhatnationaleconomicdevelopmenteffortscontinuetobeskewedinfavorofurbanareas.TFTFTTFTUnit15SectionI16.欧洲文化也许更应该描述为欧洲一系列相互重叠的文化。17.欧洲一直是许多后来传播到世界各地的文化创新和文化运动的发祥地。18.对欧洲文化进行界定的主要问题之一是：欧洲始于何处，又止于何处？19.绝大多数国家有着共同的历史经历，但其中出现了一些重要的断层。20.近几十年来，欧盟一直致力于鉴别和支持共同的欧洲价值观，但结果证明这是一个非常有争议的难题。SectionIIDialogueNecessity:1Naturalenergyresourcesarelimited.2nottorelyonimportingfuel3Nuclearpowerproductionisextremelyefficientandclean.Safety:1allkindsofautomaticbackupsecuritysystems2Nuclearreactorscanautomaticallyshutdowninarealemergency.Pollution:1investigatingsuitablesites,wheretheresclayorchalk,forstoringthewasteunderground2developingmethodsoftreatingwasteandsealingitforstorageinblocksofglassorrock.3Nuclearwastedoesdecayandeventuallyturnintonon-radioactivematerial.Alternativesourcesofenergy:1Seriousconsiderationhasbeengiventoalternativesourcesofenergy.2continuingresearchintomethodsofusingalternativeenergysourcesefficiently.3Itdoesntmakeeconomicsensetodevelopsystemsofthiskindatpresent.Awarenessoftherisks1Risksarenegligible2Nuclearpowerisanefficientsourceofenergywhichwellbeabletorelyonformanyyears.PassageDictation:1.Organizedcompetitivesportswereasocialinnovation,confinedtoclassandnationalboundaries,excludingmanualworkers,womenandcertainethnicminorities.2.Essentially,thesesportswereaprivateinitiative,innowayassociatedwiththestateorpolitics,letaloneforeignpolicy.3.Competitivesportswereencouragedbythenewinternationalcontests,especiallythemodernOlympicGamesinauguratedatAthensin1896.4.Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,amountingtensiondevelopedbetweenamateur-elitistsportforwealthy,privilegedmalesandcommercialspectatorsportforthemainlymiddleclasses,aswellasworkerandfemalesport.5.Theemploymentofsportforprestigeabroadandunityathomeispresentinallnationsasisthepromotionofaparticularsportforencouragingacultureofconsent.Ex1:Chess/bullfighting/cricketandcroquet/France/Russia/huntingandbocciaEx2:1789/themid-19thcentury/thecriticalstageoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthe1870s/thelate19thcentury/thecommunistrevolutionof1917/theearly19thcentury/the1850sand1860sEx3:1.TheyoriginatedinEurope.2.OrganizedcompetitivesportsemergedinEuropeinthe19thcenturyastheprivatedomainofthenewsocialclassbornofindustrializationandurbanization.3.Attheturnofthecentury,particularlyafterthe1914-1918WorldWar,competitivesportsstartedtoprevail.4.FrenchsportstillbearstheimprintoftheFrenchRevolutionof1789,theeducationalphilosophyofJean-JacquesRousseauandthenobleaspirationsofCoubertin.5.Europesover700millioninhabitantscurrentlyresideinover40nations.SectionIIIItem1:F.theannulmentofanelectioninThailand.G.1After5weeksofpoliticalparalysis,Thailandfinallyhasawayoutofthestalemateleftbylastmonthsgeneralelection.2TheConstitutionalCourthasvotedtoannulPrimeMinisterThanksinShinawatrasthirdelectionvictory.3TheinterventionbyThailandsreveredmonarchtwoweeksagoismostlikelytohaveinfluencedtheirverdict.4BecausetheoppositionpartiesdonotwantMrThaksintorunagainforPrimeMinisterbutheisconsideredthekeyvotewinnerforhisparty.5TheoppositionpartiesaredemandingconstitutionalreformstostrengthenthechecksonthePrimeMinisterspower.Item2:F.aHyundaiscandal.G.apologizing/cooperatewiththeinvestigation/creationofslushfunds/tensofmillionsofdollars/politicians/gov