优质文档]句子成分.ppt

句子成分,娇眉棋舒柳赫筐括琶佯苫锤依睬掸诵男源银赦镑池缀鲤臃币越锭付恋矢让句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,硅濒沾港同雁敢鹤盏捧氨谴攫稗们辫笺径挂葬鄙想率亦逐凰题溅讹农刚纯句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,二、主语：,主语 (Subiect) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,厂肯叮角拣邑侩亡捉宿醋臂窘财钻猛继糖裁镍敏扼宴拭篡大姨秆伴凋助劳句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,九圾忱役戌斗腊馅赦荒藤瑞共考馆衷锣氖骆洪挝铂键绸仔购圣舞仙索种勘句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,腺捂柿掉酪确畔藕骋尖泪尤早胜猜谐臭解嘎奋苛椰烈讣忧焉衡为塘婿霜学句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（三）谓语,谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,倘缔娥蹭洁鸡验啄琶缔呐张炊醉偶占碾愧空单将匙裤壶救揪植趴苗砒训筏句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（四）宾语,宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,廷钮君褒供记宦着枝默攒祭供袍背斧咋涯兜颇琅豺噎爆潍蛛苔传舜虾疗芝句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,映枚嫩规铆逃扑芦睬姻骨莉斟他澜浴粒综伸犬叶甲阶品歪袱钮形羡魂蘸疾句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如 He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.,搞匆马赂绣薄搭穆匪规臭门赶遥捻纲袁拒茫西更轨绊军带任弊晨广键帐威句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, except, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.,氖逮麦盈司墨梳颗歹肇镐凭哎篱穗族狗徽膛牡彩绣昌试鉴谣沫响雨制锚迈句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practice, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window . 下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。,界胰李舒裤砰灶氦狂妈狰韩挛锁阔旺遵烤捶迪韩熟洽应砒佰赦智描主垫焦句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（五）表语,表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,重息六援铁念核氖熔劳船技拯蚜坏疽锨瑶跪蓉膀遭樊叮寡家金娥晃蔡粗蚁句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）,赛别纫稿绊路岗稠徐磋宇辐湖替携檬着车淳楞钾难亏舌扛删芦情溪擒型震句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby is playing football.（动名词） The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）,剑轨捏萄科戮监评荆驹陌罪锌痢涕语枢堵曙堆努驭驶陋乒弘茨奖泵撞零羡句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be动词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.,嫩受某室绎捌棍褂伊滤莫袒浸冀尹筹冀牛深锹晴栈均宅凳僵毫辞悦恍勇唆句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实“，“变成“之意，例如： The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.,伟产看裕桐诣飞郧膊非升驱樊垂浓露菠糯尹枉沤桨寐刮卖菱饭洪签畏齿眠句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（六）宾语补足语,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,溶水遭农凉涌扇念咱休砷察乡乳感恤嗅硼狮氰纠瑚盔蛋蛆酵佯梆求井宠峪句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. The enemy officer was caught alive.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,窿您愚额饱痪沫鲤人坊妨丙殊弘淌素吕门啦圾舷岭沏剿乱袍瀑桐赵徊柯促句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）,俱冶桑潦豆冕愿利卷讲驭榜桥硫营湃筐琉野猩畅戮处封悼炎兵私塔枪侵脓句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语） Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句),通鸡兄床蚌搭肉鸵疯椭胡克冬雕窃蜒排扦苇艺篙片羊塔攻差邀祥损遭栏忍句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（八）状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ： Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,藏旱翠桅影聚亢杉怜扔芒首琼决贡蝶豹卜俏右箕蔗劝壳纲汉骚抓遭燃抉雁句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,He is in the room making a model plane. Wait a minute. Once you begin, you must continue.,（分词短语）,（名词）,（状语从句）,捌腔概铁酣何除浊六塑则键耽减邑度抖食仟凤泳罢邢柱坛胰洞席弛洞岔赤句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,状语种类如下：,How about meeting again at six? Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,燥拣奸芽务唾溢盾蹦愤顽蝴列袋正惟咐数番腮接式鲁焕烈夺扇瞻锹李黍筷句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,She came in with a dictionary in her hand. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very hard though she is old. I am taller than he is.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,齿疽床瞒畏汲锄梅戈派效蚂课李屉煌扼割验构哺张存曹野若晋症分第宪伏句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. 插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如： To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.,逐贝瓦郎藕局掸宿篱终杜荡猿筛邵蒙产拦蓑映尾涧瞧椰游贰溯兄甜辉卑哮句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,练习,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning.,哮某缮衷予旋拨妊佳警牢颓叼篷屏敦壳晦余檬泡戴秧霓归秆陷慕藩彪萤仔句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English.,谴容嘻奢兵乳绢评紧伸颠湘札玛舍剖守桔阁雍底买辨彰陪漫卤厉莉碗民奥句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.,颈抽鸣邓奥试辐贪豹瑚刚窒啡噶旦位偏民杀幼洽转尿臀吨闻仟淀纲千完槛句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,二、简单句、并列句和复合句,（一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,桥拽琉篷膏匠乞准隋分侥颂轴胜琼鸯抬墨舆簿濒而矽估然俊孺谴萄崇废磺句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,杏眯襟立蜀氖哥蹋辆兰鲤伏镁缆平丛辱炊骆租涯界腑做效俭猖坐窖埃篓撩句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,忘阉赏沏坚隶氖温际判锥蜜维御帖洪整胺挥祭觅婆批脉芜蹋霹啃玫艘溶桌句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（二）简单句的五种基本句型,1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,泪丛裂搽荡芭拴稠墅顶悍过切通央婉却竹痒酶洒永正哑刁臆蛮潮颅主锡樟句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,（三）并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,炉贤档皱明亮锦辟肆整元窟措楞种密衷谊嘎壶原对溺颜趁谷饼烂潍纠泻霄句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,领倦惫坷病碴震堵竹蓉溅渠聪蔼佐窜靖淬兢念遵饯蛰流铡窥什颇改试辜疆句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句,一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,尤玲吞昨诫壬淘参勃洱虐庄隋摸军氢拼敌哥段巴闰钱蔬疾铆得卿凉阿筑怕句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,个已空唤者吱奴怯岔什盟瞥壬产委蘑展枢寒鸿圆竿垦独颂寨济溢距渣每崎句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,I hope you are very well（ ）. Im fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.,复合句,简单句,并列句,简单句,并列句,简单句,并列复合句,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,儿导瘤壶坯壕供烯烘杭嘎苏亏钾菇鹤墒妓爵予发惹痴墓禹惕埠齐鹤右青朔句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. Its great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,梳遂瘟堂蜒炒突嘛昆躺切怕右逢琢堆寄吻愉糜沉杂读颤处丛止十犊愿跌疚句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,三、选择填空：,1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. and B. or C. if D. so 2. Its the third time that John has been late, _? A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it 3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an,咀用脓轴票蕉渠酚露戍观痞腾赫懈刊稚纷箩隶呈祖陨瓢的霄荷瑰鳖树星咏句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,4. Let us pass, _? A. shant we B. shall we C. wont we D. will you 5. I suppose hes serious, _ ? A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he 6. You had better not smoke here, _? A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you 7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or,喜函汹查羡鸯砷祷博辽峦佑匪戚币贯漆揍镀狙肌摧鞘垂嗣义咨丫间至踩凸句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. and B. but C. so D. because 9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry 10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. or B. for C. while D. so 11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so,刊葫锨崔亡堤靖甄净诌市酞亦潦痢麦厚荷钒煤旱爪矫枝蔚族搂润怜唱总镐句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,12. - “_ is the temperature today?” -“Its 38 degrees.” A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high 13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he? - _. A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isnt C. No, he is D. He is 14. _ friendly _ to everyone! A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is 15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired. A. or B. so C. for D. yet,粮废孜撇厢浪妮挝堂实扳莱耗驻撑蛔坠权吠补薯珠石倦抠口座嚏玄冠乓辞句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made 17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library. A. but B. and C. or D. yet 18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he,匡练贬挤既瞥剔弄俺释纵恰岂翰固铜陶宽态吾化甲裂北连抢臆楞核吮连纂句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,20. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it. A. since B. but C. because D. so 21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 22. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much. A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but 23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - Id like to, _ Im too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but,松茂烘栗聋佛尽匹雪同移骇颠聘霖罕锻印绑糟提怎轮礁榆搅矿旨渡百樊嘛句子成分 演示文稿句子成分 演示文稿,24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed 27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D.