高考英语大一轮复习 语法专题 六非谓语动词课件 外研版

六、非谓语动词,语法精讲,非谓语动词是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是高考热点之一。主要考查非谓语动词作状语、定语和宾语补足语的用法。 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 1.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常表示该动作尚未发生,即动词不定式具备将来 含义。 He has a lot of work to do.他有很多工作要做。 He has something good enough to read. 他有很好的读物。,特别提示 动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式,但其含义有所不同。 试比较: Do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)。,2.动词-ing形式作定语 当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系或用来表示被修饰词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。 Three days later I received a letter offering me the job. 三天后,我收到了一封给我提供这份工作的信。 This is a reading room.这是一个阅览室。,3.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语,被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上通常是被动关系,表示被 动。过去分词作定语也可表示完成。 Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 这是一本由一位著名的中国作家写的书。,考点二 非谓语动词作状语 1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。 She came here to work.她来这儿是为了工作。 Im glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。 He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。,2.动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之 间存在逻辑上的主动关系。 She sat there reading.她坐在那里读书。(伴随状语) Seeing her mother,she cried out. 一见到她妈妈,她哭了起来。(时间状语) Being blind,how could he see it? 眼睛失明了,他怎么能看得到它?(原因状语) His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,使他成为一名孤儿。(结果状语),特别提示 动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而动词 -ing形式作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。 He hurried to the bus stop,only to find that the bus had already gone. 他急匆匆赶到车站,结果发现公交车已经走了。 There was a terrible accident,causing the traffic jam. 出了严重的交通事故,引起了交通堵塞。,过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. 如果给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际 明星。 Bitten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 由于被咬了两次,邮递员拒绝给我们送信,除非我们把狗拴起来。 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着的),tired of(对感到厌倦的)等。 Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red,she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服,她看上去更漂亮了。,3.过去分词作状语,特别提示 独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。常用的有: considering.(鉴于,考虑到);generally speaking(总的来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing that.(假定); providing that.(如果);owing to.(由于);talking/speaking of.(谈及);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。 Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area. 总的来说,该地区夏季炎热。,考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 1.有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语,巧记如下:,想要干:want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim,would like/love,desire 早打算:plan,prepare,arrange 同意否:agree,promise,undertake,offer,refuse 问问看:ask,beg 决定了:decide,determine,make up ones mind,be determined 尽力干:manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive 努力做:make an effort 别装蒜:pretend,此外,learn,choose,afford,happen,wait等也常用不定式作宾语。 All the factors considered,we decided to offer the job to Li Wei,a man of rich experience. 把所有的因素都考虑进去后,我们决定把这份工作给李伟,一个很有经验的人。,2.表示下列含义的动词或动词短语后常接动词-ing形式作宾语,巧记如下:,考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,look forward to, excuse/pardon 承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/put off,fancy 避免错过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice 否认完成停止赏:deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡:cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape 不准冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine,此外,feel like,devote to,be/get used to,object to,set about, insist on,pay attention to,stick to,be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in)等动词短语后也接动词-ing形式作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个问题,以免冒犯他。,3.既可用动词-ing形式,也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义区别明显的动词,That would mean wasting a lot of labour. 那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。 Really? I dont mean to waste any labour. 是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。,考点四 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1.动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有两种情形: (1)接带to的动词不定式作宾补,此类动词或短语有advise,allow, cause,command,encourage,forbid,expect,invite,call on, depend upon,long for,wait for 等。 Were all longing for the new term to begin. 我们都盼望新学期开始。,(2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,此类动词或短语有 make,have,let 等使役动词及see,watch,notice,hear,look at等感官动词(短语)。 若此类动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不能省略。 I can let you have one ticket. 我能让你得到一张票。 2.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,它们 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。常强调正在进行中的主动动作,即动作 过程的一部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有 see,watch,hear, observe,feel,find,have,keep 等。 He saw a boy getting on the bus. 他看见一个男孩正在上公交车。,3.过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时,该动词与句中的宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动 关系。 When I opened the door,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时,我发现地上满是落叶。 4.have,get后作宾补的三种非谓语动词形式 have,get作“使、让、叫”讲时,其后可接动词-ed形式、动词-ing形式 和动词不定式这三种形式作宾补。 (1)have sth. done = get sth. done使/让某事被别人所做;使某物 遭受 Every year,Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to his mother on his birthday. 每年汤姆都记得让人在母亲生日那天送花给她。 Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生外出度假时有人闯入了他家。,(2)have sb./sth. doing sth.使/让某人/物持续地做某事 (动词-ing形 式表主动,正在进行) get sb./sth. doing sth.使某人/物干某事(表状态) He had us laughing all the way. 他让我们一路笑个不停。 Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能让那辆破旧的车再跑起来吗?,特别提示 have sb.doing sth.用于否定句时,其中have有“容忍”之意。 He feels it dangerous for a girl to be out late at night so he wont have his daughter arriving home late. 他认为一个女孩子深夜在外面是很危险的,所以他不会容许他女儿晚回家。,(3)have sb.do sth=get sb.to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 母亲让我去商店买些盐。 考点五 非谓语动词作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、经常性的或习惯性的动作,尤其是一 般行为倾向。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易。尽可能多阅读是必要的。 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语,动词-ing短语后置。 It is no good learning without practice. 学习但不实践是没有用的。,2.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语,动词不定式短语后置。 Its not easy to work out the problem. 解决这一问题不容易。 考点六 独立主格结构 1.名词或主格代词+动词不定式 名词或主格代词与动词不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且强调的是一次 具体性的将来的动作。 He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。,2.名词或主格代词+动词-ing形式 名词或主格代词与动词-ing形式之间为逻辑上的主动关系。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。 3.名词或主格代词+过去分词 名词或主格代词与过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。,真题链接,1.My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国) 2.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely (bring) your work home. (2016全国),答案及剖析: 1.introducing include为及物动词,introduce是由句中“我”做出的 动作,因此后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语。 2.to bring 句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情,你就不 太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”, 为固定搭配。,3.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.(2016全国) 4.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016全国) 5.For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something (eat)!(2016四川),答案及剖析: 3.to create 句意:熟练的工匠也把各种硬木和金属结合在一起制作 特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。 4.using 句意:人们可能在大锅中烹饪食物,用树枝把食物弄出来。主 语people与use之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语,表示方式。 5.to eat 句意:她25天都没有离开过她的孩子,甚至没找吃的东西。 修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。,跟踪训练,.单句语法填空 1.I suggest we should visit the Palace Museum (build) 600 years ago. 2.These clubs give you the opportunity (play) a sport you love or learn a sport that is new to you. 3.Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, (destroy) homes and other buildings.,答案及剖析: 1.built 考查非谓语动词的用法。build与the Palace Museum之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词,在句中作后置定语。 2.to play 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜 欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语,表 示“做的机会”。 3.destroying 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处动词destroy与storms是主动关系, 因此应该用动词-ing形式,在句中作结果状语。,4.In these cases,club members have to work hard to organize fundraisers and collect money to keep their sports (go). 5.Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 6. (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. 7.When he woke up,John found himself (lie) in hospital.,答案及剖析: 4.going 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:这些情况下,俱乐部成员不得不努力组 织募捐活动筹集资金以保证运动的进行。“keep sth. doing”意为“让 进行下去”。 5.to carry 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处为permit sb.to do sth.的被动结 构,应该用动词不定式。 6.Founded 考查非谓语动词的用法。动词found与逻辑主语the school是被动 关系,所以用过去分词。 7.lying 考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处作宾语补足语,根据 语境可知,此处指他正躺在医院,故用动词-ing形式,强调正在进行的动作。,8.Inside,though,the place was practically emptythere was just one couple, (sit) at a table near the window. 9.When a child grows up,he can no longer expect others (pay) for his food,clothes and many other things. 10.One day,a young man was walking along the road when he heard a cry. It seemed (come) from underneath a bridge.(2017江西红色七校 一联),答案及剖析: 8.sitting 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:然而,室内实际上很空荡,只有一对 夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子旁。sit与其逻辑主语one couple为主动关系,故此处 用现在分词sitting作状语。 9.to pay 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:当孩子长大时,他不能再指望其他人 为他的食物、衣服和其他很多东西付钱了。expect后需用不定式作宾补,故答 案为to pay。 10.to be coming 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:一天,一个年轻人正沿着道路 行走,这时他听到了一阵哭声。那哭声似乎来自桥下。seem后需用不定式形式 作表语,设空处表示正在进行,故用to be coming。,.单句语法改错 (含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.(2017安徽合肥八中第 一次段考) 2.Watch the flag rising in the brilliant sun,we were quite excited and proud of our motherland. 3.Seeing them were working so hard on such a cold morning,I was moved and made up my mind to do something for them.(2017河南焦 作模拟),答案及剖析: 1.HavingHave 句意:旅途愉快,星期五见。由于此为祝福用语,需用 祈使句表示祝愿,动词用原形。 2.WatchWatching 句意:在明媚的阳光下观看升旗仪式,我们十分激 动并为我们的祖国感到骄傲。本句的主干为we were quite excited and proud of our motherland,所以watch应用非谓语动词形式。主 语we与watch之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用watching作状语。 3.去掉were 句意:看到他们在如此寒冷的早晨努力工作,我很感动并下 定决心为他们做点事情。see sb. doing sth.意为:看到某人正在干 某事。故将were去掉。,4.Have classes in such a beautiful environment,we feel very happy. 5.The final examination is coming soon.Its time for us to get down o