英语主要时态总结.doc

Tenses 时态1, present simple 一般现在时A, structure 结构: V-动词原形 Vs-第三人称单数B, usea, a fact that is always true or that is true for a long timeeg. I come from China. She works for a big company.b, a habit: every, often, usually, always, sometimes, nevereg. My father always goes to work by car.C, negative: dont / doesnt + VD, questions: Do / Does + 主语+ V2, present continuousA, structure: am/is/are+ V-ingB, usea, sth. in progress now: now, at the moment, todayeg. We are having an English class now.b, a future arrangement: this evening, tonight, tomorrow, nexteg. She is playing tennis with her friends this afternoon.C, negative: be + notD, question: be 提到主语之前3, present perfectA, structure: have / has + p.pB, usea, an experience in life: ever, never, all ones lifeeg. Have you ever been abroad?b, a past action continues to now: for, since, recently, so far, for the past two weekshow longeg. I have worked in this company since I graduated from university.c, a past action with a result now: just, already, yeteg. She has already done the washing up.C, negative: have / has + notD, question: Have / Has 提前no definite time in this tense现在完成时没有确定的时间4, present perfect continuousA, structure: have / has + been + V-ingB, usea, a past action continues to noweg. I have been waiting for you for ages！b, a past action with a result noweg. My back aches because I have been working in the garden all day. Im hot because I have been running. My eyes are red because I have been reading all day. Im wet because I have been washing my dog.C, negative: have/has + notD, question: have/has提前E, the differences between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuousa, to emphasize the result, we use the present perfect simple强调结果，用一般的现在完成时。 to emphasize the activity, we use the present perfect continuous强调动作，用现在完成进行时。b, the results are different: for the direct results of the activity, we use the simple, for the indirect ones, we use the continuous form.对动作造成的直接结果，用一般的现在完成时，对间接结果，用现在完成进行时。eg. I have repaired the car. (the result here: the car is ok now) I have been repairing the car. (the result here: my hands are dirty now/ Im tired now)c, some words have an idea for a short time: lose, stopwe use the simpleeg. Ive lost my purse. some words have an idea for a long time: work, learnwe use the continuouseg. Ive been working here for 3 years.d, some state verbs cant be used in the continuous form, so we use the simple one.状态词不能用在进行时里。e, if there are numbers and quantity, we use the simple form. 如果有数字和数量，用一般的现在完成时。eg. I have written three letters this morning. I have been writing the letter this morning.补充：state verbsa, verbs of thinking and opinions think (认为)，know, understand, believe, mean, remember, forgetb, verbs of emotions and feelings like, love, hate, want, hope, wishc, verbs of having and being have(有)，belong, own, cost, need, depend ond, verbs of the senses look看起来, hear听起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, feel摸起来 有标注中文意思的这些词，只有在这些意思的时候，才是状态词，没有进行时，意思改变的时候是可以的。eg. I am thinking of changing my job. 考虑 We were having dinner when someone called. 吃 She is tasting the soup. 品尝5, past simpleA, structure: V-ed 动词用过去时， 有的是不规则变化。B, usea, a past action.eg. I went camping with colleagues last weekend.C, negative: didnt + VD, question: Did + 主语+ VE, the differences between the past simple and the present perfecta, if there is a definite past time, we cant use the present perfect: yesterday, last night, last Mondayin 1999, when I was a little child有确切的过去时间，不能用现在完成时。eg. I met my husband when I was in the university.6, past continuousA, structure: was / were + V-ingB, usea, an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past: this time yesterday, at 8:00 last nighteg. I was doing my revision this time yesterday.b, a past simple interrupted a past continuous一般过去时打断过去进行时: when, while, aseg. I was shopping when I lost my mobile.c, to describe a scene in a story 描述故事的场景eg. It was Sunday. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.C, negative: was/were + notD, question: was/were 提前7, past perfectA, structure: had + p.pB, usea, a past action happened before a past action 过去的过去eg. When I got to the station, the train had already gone. 在时间状语从句中，特别是when, while, as引导的从句中，肯定是有两个动作，时态要这样用：如果两个动作是一个借一个发生的，两个都用一般过去时：eg. When I got home, she cooked dinner. 我到家之后，她去做饭。如果两个动作同时发生，短的动作打断长的动作，短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时：eg. When I got home, she was cooking dinner, 当我到家的时候，她正在做饭。如果两个动作，一个是过去发生的，另外一个在这个过去时间的过去发生，那么第一个用一般过去时，第二个用过去进行时：eg. When I got home, she had cooked dinner.8, future tensesStruture1: will + VUse: a, express an intention, decision, offer made at the moment of speaking.eg. - I have a letter to post. -well, Im going to the post office, so I will post it for you.b, a prediction based on personal opinion, often with “I thinkwill/ I dont thinkwill” eg. - Where are you going on holiday this year?c, a future fact. Eg. Those followers wont grow under the tree. You will be ill if you eat all those sweets! - I dont know. Maybe I will visit my grandmother.Structure2: am/is/are