2018_2019学年高考英语一轮复习2EnvironmentalProtection讲义北师大版.docx

Unit 22 Environmental Protection一、刷黑板.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写 1*greenhouse effect温室效应2ecology n. 生态3botanical adj. 植物的4consultant n. 顾问5brewery n. 啤酒厂6boycott n. (联合)抵制7corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的 第二屏听写 8conservation n 保护9consensus n. 一致的意见10ray n. 光线11bounce vi. 反弹12pin (on) vt. 把责任加在(某人)身上13*drought n. 旱灾14federal adj. 联邦的 第三屏听写 15cushion n坐垫，靠垫16pancake n. 薄煎饼17hurricane n. 飓风18*species n. (动植物的)物种19*habitat n. 栖息地20tortoise n. (陆)龟21hook n. 钩子，钩 第四屏听写 22wrap up结束23*Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊24*Tibet 西藏25*enforce vt. 实施，执行26*landslide n. 滑坡，山崩27*tsunami n. 海啸28typhoon n. 台风 第五屏听写 29grand adj.巨大的30*scale n. 规模，范围31thunderstorm n. 雷暴，雷雨32rainfall n. 降雨量33irrigation n. 灌溉34offshore adj. 在近海岸的35catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难 第六屏听写 36clay n 黏土37brick n. 砖，砖块38slip vi. 滑行39mountainous adj. 多山的40howl vi. 咆哮，怒吼41roll vi. (平稳地)移动，滚动42plug vt. 塞住43plug ones ears 塞住耳朵 第七屏听写 44quilt n被褥，被子45*industrialisation n. 工业化46*negative adj. 消极的，负面的47*soundproof adj. 隔音的48warehouse n. 仓库49fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的50pest n. 有害的动物51valid adj. 有充分理由的 第八屏听写 52evolution n(生物)进化53trunk n. 象鼻54*tusk n. (象等动物的)长牙55cube n. 立方体56cubic adj. 立方的57. carve vt. & vi. 雕刻58quake n. 地震59mainland n. 大陆 .高频词汇(汉译英)第九屏听写 1*endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3a_number_of 一些4reserve n. 保护区5principle n. 原则，道德准则6beyond prep. 超出7beyond_ones_control 超出的控制，不受的控制8*claim vt. 声称 第十屏听写 9look_ahead展望未来10relevant adj. 有关的11refer_(to)_ 指，意即12in_turn_ 依次13lead_to_ 引起，导致14agriculture n. 农业15coincidence n. 巧合16sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出 第十一屏听写 17condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地18take_action 采取行动19advocate vt. 主张，提倡20recycle vt. 回收利用21substitute n. 代替品，代用品22threaten vt. 威胁23._ahead_of_ 在前面24apart_from 除以外 第十二屏听写 25answer_for对(已产生的不良后果)负责任26seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取27call_for_an_end_to_sth._ 要求结束28or_else 否则；不然29behalf n. 代表30on_somebodys_behalf_ 代表31for_good_ 永远32carry_off_ 掠去，夺走 第十三屏听写 33all_in_all_ 总的来说34changeable adj. 多变的35result_in_ 导致36rough adj. 艰难的37separation n. 分离，分开38means n. 方法39earn_ones_living 谋生40construct vt. 建造 第十四屏听写 41slide vi. 滑行42flee vt. & vi. 逃走43calculate vt. 计算，算出44adopt vt. 采用45considerate adj. 想得周到的，体贴的46all_the_best 祝一切顺利47politics_n. 政治(活动)48sum_up 总结，概括 第十五屏听写 49as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上50finance n. 资金51allocate vt. 分配，配给52break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)53grand adj. 巨大的54potential n. 可能性，潜在性55dust n. 尘土，灰尘56arm vt. 武装 第十六屏听写 57carve vt. & vi. 雕刻58reservation n. 保护59*extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的60*fashionable adj. 流行的，时髦的61sharpener n. 卷笔刀62sharpen vt. 削尖63consultant n. 顾问 二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.ecology n 生态2.botanical adj. 植物的3.consultant n. _顾问4.corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5.conservation n. 保护6.consensus n. 一致的意见7.ray n. _光线_8.drought n. 旱灾9.federal adj._联邦的10.hurricane n. _飓风11.species n. (动植物的)物种12.habitat n. 栖息地13.enforce vt. 实施，执行14.scale n. 规模，范围15.thunderstorm n. 雷暴，暴雨16.rainfall n. 降雨量17.quake n地震18.offshore adj. 在近海岸的19.evolution n. (生物)进化20.mountainous adj. 多山的21.valid adj. 有充分理由的22.fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的23.negative adj. 消极的，负面的24.mainland n. 大陆表达单词1.endanger vt.危害2.trap vt. 使困住3.principle n. 原则，道德准则4.beyond prep. 超出5.relevant adj. 有关的6.coincidence n. 巧合7.condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8.sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出9.advocate vt. 主张，提倡10.recycle vt. 回收利用11.substitute n. 代替品，代用品12.seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取13.behalf n. 代表14.means n. 方法15.flee v. 逃走16.potential n. 可能性，潜在性17.claim vt. 声称18.dust n. 尘土，灰尘19.arm vt. 武装20.carve vt. & vi. 雕刻语境活用1.If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized (没收)2.They had been trapped (使困住) in the cave for 20 days before rescued.3.What a coincidence (巧合) that we were in New York at the same time！4.The report advocated (提倡) that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors in yesterdays newspaper.5.In a formal football match, each team can have three players to substitute (替代) their teammates when necessary.6.We will condemn (谴责) those people for their mistreating pets, such as dogs or cats.7.It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant (有关的) to me.8.All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潜能)9.You mustnt sacrifice (牺牲) environment to promote economic growth.10.During the civil war thousands of people fled (逃离) the country.拓展单词1.extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种2.fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的fashion n流行，时尚3.separation n分离，分开separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开4.construct vt.建造construction n建造5.considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider vt.考虑consideration n考虑considering prep.考虑到；鉴于6.adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的7.reservation n预订；保留；保护；疑惑reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的，保留的8.agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的9.changeable adj.多变的change n. & v变化10.finance n资金financial adj.财政的；金融的11.allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给12.politics n政治(活动)political adj.政治的politician n政治家13.sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.锋利的sharpener n卷笔刀14.calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器语境活用1.The old man considers his daughterinlaw considerate because she always takes everything into consideration when she deals with family affairs.(consider)2.After a long separation,_ they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)3.A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)4.It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener.(sharp)5.Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago. Thanks to her adoption,_Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)6.The world is changeable,_ and everything is changing.(change)7.If necessary, students are allowed to calculate the volume (容积) of the container using a calculator,_ which will make the calculation simpler.(calculate)8.A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. The allocation is of great importance to our school librarys construction.(allocate)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.a_number_of 一些2.in_turn 依次，轮流；反过来3.take_action 采取行动4.lead_to 引起，导致5.ahead_of 在前面6.apart_from 除以外7.answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8.carry_off 掠去，夺走9.call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束10.refer_to 指，意即11.all_in_all 总的来说12.earn_ones_living 谋生13.as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上14.look_ahead 展望未来，向前看15.result_in 导致16.on_somebodys_behalf 代表17.break_away_from 摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、 某种思想体系)18.sum_up 总结，概括19.or_else 否则，不然20.beyond_ones_control 超出的控制1.He spends too much time on maths, and this_in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.2.Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled. 3.Eating too much fat can_lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.4.If we human beings dont take_action to protect the earth from now on, well have nowhere to live in the future.5.Well have to answer_for_our selfishness sooner or later.6.As_a_matter_of_fact,_parents dont want their children to be in trouble.7.We have reached an agreement that we will not refer_to_the matter again.8.Apart_from being too large, the color and the style of the dress suit me well.9.I was encouraged to break_away_from old forms and rules.10.Young people often_look_ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past.11.Jobs earned_his_living_by selling computers when he was 19 years old.12.A_number_of world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.13.I didnt know that he was a cheat; or_else I wouldnt have believed him.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。含蓄条件句的虚拟。要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。Without your help, I couldnt_have_won_the_first_place in the English Speaking Competition.2.Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”。考虑到目前的条件，我认为他已做得相当出色了。Given_the_present_conditions,_I think he has done rather well.3.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。拟人修辞手法。天安门前的这两只石狮见证了许多重大的历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tiananmen_saw/witnessed many great historic events.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类记熟文化差异类辨清易忘易错类勤览1.right now现在 2.rush out 冲出去3.scarf n. 围巾；头巾4.school trip 学校郊游5.scoop n. 勺子；铲子6.send for 派人取/请1.beat_v 心脏跳动2.give_._a_lift 搭便车；捎一程3.in disbelief 难以置信4.serve me a cup of coffee 给我端上一杯咖啡5.serve as/for 充当；担任6.work out the answer 解出答案1.flash n闪光灯2.maybe adv. 可能3.may be 可能是4.a sense of direction 方向感5.a sense of humour 幽默感6.go out of ones way to do sth. 特地做某事一、过重点单词1reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备教材原句Breweries are often built in nature reserves.啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区。练牢基点写出下列句中reserve的词性及含义Id prefer to reserve my judgement until I find all the evidence. vt.保留I can not get the book I want but can I reserve it？vt.预订Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.vt.储备Jiuzhaigou Valley is a nature reserve located in Chinas Sichuan Province. n保护区系统考点(1)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)without reserve/reservation毫无保留地 (4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用练通重点单句语法填空Have you reserved a table for us in advance, Mary?Oh, I forgot to tell you I have made a reservation for you. You will have a reserved table whenever you get there.(reserve)完成句子We always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。They accepted the proposal_without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地接受了这个建议。一句多译你必须提前订票吗？Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve)Do you have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation)2seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取经典例句She tried to seize the gun from him.她试图夺他的枪。seize sth. from sb.从某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会多角练透单句语法填空Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.They seized on/upon the excuse to get out of the trouble.完成句子We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her and began to read out loud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。3substitute vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品教材原句After all, theres no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，没有任何东西可代替地球。(1)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for . 的替代品题点全练完成句子/一句多译Larry substituted_for_the_colleague who was sick.拉里代替了那位生病的同事。In China many people use tea as_a_substitute_for_coffee.在中国，很多人用茶作为咖啡的替代品。在我看来，我们必须用一把新椅子换掉这把坏椅子。As far as Im concerned, we must substitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one.As far as Im concerned, we must substitute_the_broken_chair_with/by_a_new_one.4trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套教材原句Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。练牢基点写出下列句中trap的词性及含义Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.vt.使困住Were you just going to trap her into making some admission? vt.诱骗The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap. n陷阱The police set a trap to catch the thief. n圈套系统考点(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套练通重点单句语法填空The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk. Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.完成句子The old man was_trapped_in_the_burning_house_at that moment.那时候这位老人被困在着火的房子里。She is too clever to fall_into_the_trap_of_doing_any_hard_work.她很聪明，不会中圈套去做任何困难的工作。He set_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直钻了进去。5threaten vt.威胁，恐吓经典例句They threatened to close our credit lines if we dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。(1)threaten sb.with .用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that . 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁多角练透单句语法填空Will a rising China become a threat to Western interests?He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife.Those kidnappers threatened to_kill (kill) their son if they couldnt get enough money.句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.(用过去分词短语作状语)6advocate vt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者教材原句Experts advocate that each person play their part.专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原形(2)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者题点全练单句语法填空He advocated that the children (should)_take (take) an active part in sports games.Many experts advocated rewarding (reward) the children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling, to make it easier to learn.7adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养高考佳句In recent years, however, young upper middleclass people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins.(2015广东高考阅读D)但是，在最近几年，伦敦中上阶层的年轻人为了掩盖他们的阶级出身，开始采用地方方言。(1)adopt a policy/habit采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收养的(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳题点全练单句语法填空/完成句子Its said that his adopted (adopt) son went abroad last week.We argued her into the adoption (adopt) of the plan.After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采纳我同桌的建议)名师指津adopt与adapt两词词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月后，这个孩子适应了新生活。8means n方式，方法；手段经典例句The telephone is a means of communication.电话是一种交流工具。means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)by this means 用这种方法多角练透选词填空(by means of; by all means; by no means; by this means)By_no_means_can teaching in school be separated from practice.We will by_all_means achieve our goals as long as we stick to them and work hard.By_means_of the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.Only by_this_means can you solve the problem.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为单数名词)All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为复数名词)9coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符经典例句By coincidence, I met the person wed been discussing the next day.真是巧了，我在第二天遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。(1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj.巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的多角练透单句语法填空By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.The rise of the novel was coincident (coincidence) with the decline of storytelling.完成句子What_a_coincidence! I wasnt expecting to see you here.太巧了！我没料到会在这里见到你。一句多译当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.By_coincidence,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.10considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的 经典例句She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.她对待雇员总是客客气气、关心体谅。(1)consideration n考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as .认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事多角练透单句语法填空Considering what she has done for us, we consider her to be a very considerate person.(consider)Womens Day is around the corner, and Im considering buying (buy) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste.Chinas new “Belt and Road” strategy has considerable (consider) potential to create positive benefits.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon. 句式升级H