2018_2019学年高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠWarm_up.docx

Section Language Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1)语 言 基 础 自 测高频词汇必会.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1He let go without warning me and I fell backwards(向后)2The correction(改正) of all my mistakes took nearly an hour.3I can distinguish(辨别) my roommates by their footsteps.4What do you think of the old saying(谚语): “Spare the rod，spoil the child.”？5He couldnt swallow because of a sore throat(喉咙)6Try to simplify your explanation for the children.7Wholl instruct them to do the experiment?8How much is the postage for an airmail letter to Canada?9Make the windows secure before leaving the house.10What made you suspect her of having taken the money?.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1correct vt. 改正，纠正correction n改正，改进2simple adj. 简单的 simplify vt. 简化3suspect v怀疑suspicion n. 猜疑；怀疑suspicious adj. 可疑的；多疑的4instruct v. 指导，教导instruction n. 指令；教学；说明instructor n. 教师；指导书5secure adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的security n. 安全；保证；证券6chief adj. 主要的 chiefly adv. 主要地7frank adj. 坦率的，真诚的frankly adv. 坦率地，真诚地.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1be about to即将做，就要做2get promoted 得到提拔3dream of 梦想，梦见4set up 建立，成立5in person 亲自6switch off 关上7break out (战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发8lay off 裁员；解雇.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1When did your factory lay off you from your job?2They set up a tent near the seashore.3The winner will be there in person to collect the prize.4He got promoted soon after he entered the company.5Many people dream of having a house of their own.6Be sure to switch off the light when you leave the office.寻规律、巧记忆adj.tyn.v.out动词短语activity 活动majority 多数safety 安全pick out 挑选；辨认work out 算出；锻炼bring out 使显现；弄明白经典句式必背背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Its never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。too.to.结构英语对玲玲来讲太难了。English is too difficult for Ling Ling to learn.2.I felt as if I had done something wrong! 我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！as if从句看起来一会儿就要下雨了。It looks as if it will rain before long.3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。it is/was time.你该拿主意了。It is high time you made up your mind.4.In the past，if Id wanted to see them，I would have had to visit them in person.过去，如果我想看他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。if条件句中的虚拟语气如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。If he studied at this school，he would know you well.核 心 要 点 探 究全析重点词汇 qualification n. 资格，资历(教材P36)Because of my new qualification，Im getting promoted at work.因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。归纳拓展qualify v使具备资格be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事be qualified for 具备资格的；适合担任的He has no qualification for this job.他没有资格从事这项工作。He knew he was not qualified(qualify) to be a teacher.他知道他没有资格当老师。 Strictly speaking，hes not qualified for the job.严格说来，他没有资格做这份工作。 secure adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的vt.使安全；保卫(教材P36)I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure fulltime job.我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。归纳拓展(1)be secure against/from没有的危险be secure of 对有把握；确信fell/be secure about/as to 对觉得放心(2)secure(sth.)against/from 使(某物)免遭Now my house is secure against burglary.现在我的房子无被盗窃的危险。I feel secure about my future.我对未来感到放心。Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against shifting(shift) sand.需要采取一些措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。 lay off 裁员；解雇(教材P36)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。归纳拓展lay sb. out打昏(某人)lay sth. aside 把放在一边；储存lay sth. down (开始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放弃某事物；制定规则、原则等lay up 贮存；自讨苦吃；(因病)卧床The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地。Ive laid up with flu for a week.我患流感已在家休息一个星期了。She managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.她设法每周从薪水中存几个英镑。名师点津注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别：lie(vi.)liedlied撒谎lie(vi.)laylain躺；位于lay(vt.)laidlaid放；搁；下蛋，产卵 suspect v怀疑；不信任；猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯(教材P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well.我怀疑他们解雇我是因为公司做的不是那么好归纳拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人做了某事suspect sb. to be. 疑心某人是suspect that. 疑心Some people suspected him of theft.有些人怀疑他偷窃。The police suspected him of taking(take) part in the jewel robbery.警察怀疑他参与了珠宝盗窃案。The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.医生怀疑他得了流感。 instruct v. 教导，指导(教材P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email.我让我孙子教我如何发邮件归纳拓展(1) instruct sb. in sth.教导某人某事instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事instruct that/wh从句 命令instruction in sth. 教授/传授某事(2) instruction n. 指导；指示；用法说明follow the instructions 按照说明on sb.s instructions 按照某人的吩咐under (sb.s) instructions 在(某人的)教导下Has anyone instructed you how to use the computer?有人教过你如何使用电脑吗？The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat(retreat)上尉命令士兵们撤退。 Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.教导孩子道路安全的知识需要付出更多的努力。This group of trainees is still under instruction(instruct)这群受训者还在接受指导。 bury vt .埋葬；隐藏；专心致志(教材P36)So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。归纳拓展be buried alive被活埋be buried in thought 沉思bury ones head/face in ones hands 用手捂住头/脸bury oneself in ones work/studies 埋头工作/学习He buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。He buried himself(him) in his work.他埋头工作。Buried(bury) in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。突破重点句式 (教材P36)Its never too late to learn活到老，学到老。【要点提炼】 too.to.中的too前面如果用了否定词(如never)，则该句表示肯定意义。归纳拓展too.to.中的too前如有far等词修饰，则这些词表示强调。too.to.结构意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义。too.to.句式中，too后接形容词ready(现成的)，incline(偏于的)，apt(易于)，eager(急切的)，anxious(着急的)等词时，无否定的意思。only too.to.也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容词多为表示某种心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描绘性的形容词，如：good，kind，true等。He is too young to dress himself.他太小了，不会自己穿衣服。He was far too busy to think of giving up.他太忙，没有时间想到放弃。She is not too clever to go(go) with him.她很机灵，没有跟他一起走。He is too ready to talk(talk)他爱说话。The film is only too good to see(see)这部电影很好，值得一看。 (教材P36)I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！【要点提炼】as if/though引导方式状语从句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，treat等之后引导方式状语从句。归纳拓展(1)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词连用。(2)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。It seems as if the boy has lost his way.好像这个男孩迷路了。He is a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。He walks as if he were(be) drunk.他走起路来像是喝醉了似的。 (教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。【要点提炼】 Its time that结构用于表示“是该的时候了”。that后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”或用一般过去时。归纳拓展“是该做某事的时候了”的几种表达方式：It is time for sth.It is time to do sth.It is time (for sb.)to do sth.It is time for doing sth.It is time (that) sb. should do sth.It is time for us to do(do) our homework.我们该做作业了。Its high time that the article were published(publish)发表这篇文章是适时的。Its time you should do(do) cleaning.你该去打扫卫生了。解构长句难句1I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.【分析】本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，how to email and use the Internet是“疑问词不定式”作介词on的宾语；第二个分句中at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the speed；定语从句中的谓语get sent and answered是get done结构。【翻译】我让我的孙子教我如何发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢我的信息被发送被回答。2So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.【分析】本句是二个主从复合句。So many people think.是主句；that引导的是宾语从句，作think的宾语；after you retire是状语从句；you can do是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词all；youve ever learnt是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。【翻译】很多人认为退休后你能做的就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1Jack has obtained a qualification(qualify)2Sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime，but suspect him of having done it.3He was buried(bury) in watching TV.4A computer can only do what you have instructed (instruct) it to do.5My car has broken down. Would you help me to get it started (start)?6Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help(help) others.7The trees can secure the crops against/from sand.8The workforce was laid off because they didnt grasp the advanced technology.9Dont handle the vase as if it were(be) made of steel.10It is time that he should come/came(come) to our house for dinner.单句改错1What made you suspect her of have taken the money？have改为having2He buried him in his work from morning till night to redeem the lost time.him改为himself3She has all the right qualification to be a good teacher.qualification改为qualifications4It is high time that the headmaster make up his mind.make改为made或make前面加should5He looks as though he havent had a decent meal for a month.havent改为hadnt.完成句子1当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken. 2能帮助您，我真是太高兴了。I am only too glad to be able to help you3是该干正事的时候了。Its high time that we should get down to business4这个年轻人不担心自己的前途。The young man is secure about/of his future5他们首先得为这项工程制订一个计划。First they had to lay down a plan for the project语 法 专 项 突 破虚拟语气()自主领悟 先观察原句后自主感悟I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.In the past，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they would have stayed there until retirement！I felt as if I had done something wrong！自我总结1.在“it is/was time(that) .”结构中that引导的句子用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时或should动词原形，但should不可省略。2.在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成式(had done)，主句谓语用Would/should/could/mighthave done。3.在as if引导的方式状语从句中，如果所表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。精要点拨一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断1虚拟语气表示一种假设。它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。2if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。虚拟语气的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。3后退一步法。后退一步法指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反，在从句中用一般过去时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词形式。If I had come here yesterday，I would have seen him.如果我昨天来这儿，我就能见到他了。If I were a teacher，I would be strict with my students.如果我是老师，我将会严格要求学生。If it should snow tomorrow，they couldnt go out.如果明天下雪，他们就不能外出了。4在现代英语中，if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去式一般用were。二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实可能相反的假设If主语动词过去式主语should/would/could/might动词原形If主语were to动词原形If主语should动词原形If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你听了我的建议的话，你就不会考试不及格了。(实际上没考好)If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.假如你明天来的话，我们就开会。If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.假如他明天不来，我们将会议推迟到下周一。即时演练11If Mr. Dewey had been(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.2We would be(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.3I should not have laughed if I could have thought(think) you were serious.三、使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时(被称为“错综时间条件句”)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.假如你以前努力学习，你现在就是一位大学生了。2在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果再次回到学校的话，我会更加努力地学习。If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早点来的话，你肯定赶上了公交车。If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山。注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词为否定，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.如果不是费用问题，我现在就出国了。但不能说：Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)假如有一百万的话，你会做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadnt got your help)Without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.(But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，.)如果没有你的帮助，我们是不能提前完成工作的。4含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)那天我病了。要不然我就参加运动会了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)是他打电话告诉我你的生日的，否则我什么都不知道。A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)一个人7天左右不喝水就会死。I might have given you more help，but I was too busy.(连词)我本可以给你更多帮助的，但我太忙了。即时演练24Without your help the old man would not live(not live) now.5We took a taxi to the lecture hall. Otherwise we would have been(be) late for the meeting.6If he had followed(follow) the doctors advice，he would recover already.应用落实.单句语法填空1If you had tried harder，you could/woul