介词的分类与用法.doc

卓越个性化教学讲义 学生姓名： 年级： 六授课时间： 授课老师： 课时： 2 课 题介词教学目的学会介词的分类和用法重 点正确使用介词难 点辨析介词 语法知识： 介词: 介词 一 介词的定义： 介词常置于名词或代词之前，表示该词与句子其他成分之间的关系，它是虚词，一般 在句中不单独作任何句子成分。二 介词的分类: 依照不同的标准，介词可分为不同的种类。按介词本身的组成方式，介词可分为简单介词、双重介词和短语介词三大类。 词 类 例 词简 单 介 词 普 通 介 词 at, in , of, with, before, about, after 合 成 介 词 into, within, wihout, inside, outside 分 词 介 词 including, considering 双 重 介 词 since before, until afte, from behind 短 语 介 词 because of , in front of, according to 按介词本身的意义来讲，介词可分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、原因介词等。 词 类例 词 时 间 介 词 at, in on, before, after, from 方 位 介 词 on, in, at, behind, over, above, under, below 动 向 介 词 to, into, up, down, through, along, out of 方 式 介 词 by, on, with 原 因 介 词 for, from, of, with 三常用介词用法辨析： （一） at , in , on 在表示时间时的区别: 1. at: a. 表示具体的时间点。如：at five oclock at half past two b. 表示一段较短的时间，如：at night at Christmas c. 表示人的年龄，如： at the age of six 2. in a. 常与上午、下午、晚上第词连用，如：in the morning , in the afternoon, in the evening b. 常与月份、季节、年份连用， 如： in July in spring in 1998 3. on a. 常与星期连用， 如； on Monday, b. 表示具体的某一天， 如： on June 1st on May 3rd c. 表示某天的上午、下午或晚上，如：on Friday morning on a winter evening, on the afternnon of May (二) in ,after 在表示时间时的区别： 1. in+ 某个时间词组 表示从现在起多长时间，多用于将来时， 说明将会发生某事。 He will return in three days. 2. after+ 某个时间词组 表示从过去某个时间起过多长时间，多用于过去时。 He left on Sunday and returned after three days. （三）by 和 before 在表示时间时的区别： 1. by 表示到某一时间为止。 He promised to be here by seven oclock. 2. before: 表示在某一时间之前。 They left before seven. (四) in和at在表示地点时的区别： 1. in：表示在某物里面， 也可表示在一个很大的空间内， in 后可接较大的地点和场所。 They are some pens in the box. He lives in Beijing. 2. at: 表示在某物旁边、周围，不强调某物的空间。at后可接小的地点和场所。 Whos standing there at the door? They arrived at the station early in the morning. (五) in, to, on 在位置上的区别： 1. in 表示某物在某一区域范围内。 China is a country in Asia. 2. on表示事物与另一区域范围属于相邻接的关系。 We live in a house on the Thames. 3. to表示某物在某一区域范围之外的某一位置。 The town lies to the south of the villages. （六）across, through在表示位置上的区别： 1. across 指 “穿过”这一动作在某个物体的表面进行。 He walked across the road carefully. 2. through指 “穿过”这一动作在某个物体的空间进行。 He walked through the forest alone. (七) above, over, below, under在位置上的区别 1. above表示两个物体一个的上方，但不一定是在正上方，而且两个物体之间没有接触。 The bird are flying above the trees. 2. over表示垂直在上的正上方，两个物体表面没有接触。 A picture of Lu Xun was hung on the wall over the desk. 3. below意为“在 的下面，不一定是在正下方。 The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain. 4. under表示一物在另一物垂直的正下方。 I found my key under the table. (八) among , between的区别： 1. among用于三者或三者以上的“在中间。 He is standing between the t wo buildings. 四常见介词短语： 1. 动词+介词 agree with 同意 ask for 索要 belong to 属于 listen to 听 look for 寻找 turn on/off 打开/关闭 take care of 照顾、照料 wait for 等待 talk about/of 谈及 leave for 动身前往 look at 看 hand in 上交 get on / off 上/下车 play with 与 玩 catch up with 赶上 help with 帮 于 have/has been to 去过 2. 形容词+介词 be afaid of 害怕 be angry with 恼怒 be pround of 自豪 be famous for 出名 be full of 充满 be late for 迟到 be good at 擅长 be close to 接近于 be different from 不同于 be worried about 担心 be short of 缺乏 be friendly with 与友好 3. 名词+ 介词 a pair of 一双，一对 a lot of 许多 a picture of 一幅 的画 plenty of 许多 lots of 许多 pity on 遗憾 4. 其他 on the left/right 在左/右边 from to 从到 in fron of 在 前面 on foot 步行 on time 准时 in time 及时 专项训练： 一 选择正确的答案填空： （ ） 1. Its dangerous to play _tigers. A. with B. of C. in ( ) 2. Mr. Wang is looking _ his dear daughter. A. at B. in C. for ( ) 3. There is a river _Niulang and zhinv. A. in B. between C. in the middle ( ) 5. Can you go to the UK _foot? A. by B. with C. on ( ) 6. Thank you _your present. A. to B. for C. of ( ) 7. Apple juice comes _ apples. Ato B. in C. from ( ) 8. Would you like a cup _ milk tea? A. of B. at C. for ( ) 9. Ill never late _school. A.to B. in C. for ( ) 10. Its time _ go to school. A. to B. for C. up ( ) 11. The train is going to leave _Shanghai at 8:00. A. to B. for C. at ( ) 12. Tonny does well _every subject he studies. A. in B. at C. on ( ) 13. This is a picture _my old house. A. with B. off C. on ( ) 14. Take the No. 28 bus and get _at Gongyuanqian Station. A. of B. off C. down ( ) 15. Wait _me,please. Im coming . A. with B. at C. for ( ) 16. Help yourself _some fruit. A. on B. to C. in ( ) 17. Its time _lunch . A. for B. to C. at ( ) 18. What do you mean _“fall” A. by B. of C. on ( ) 19. My father was angry _me. A. with B. for C. in ( ) 20. Tom run the fastest _us . A. to B. among C. between 二 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1. I _(see) his name in the newspaer yesterday. 2. Where _he_(live)? - He _(live) in Nanjing. 3. I would like _(be) your penfriend. 4. My father _(like) _ basketball. 5. We _(visit) the farm next week. 6. Its two oclock in the afternoon. We _(have) an English class. 7. September is _(nine) month of a year. 8. _you _(enjoy) yourself last night? 9. My uncle _(have) been to the Summer Palace twice. 10. Let me _(show) you the change between my old school and the new one. 三完形填空： All over the world people enjoy taking part in sports. Taking part in sports is _1_peoples health. Many people like to watch _2_play sports games. They buy tickets _3_ turn on their T sets to sit _4_them. Sports _5_with the seasons. People play _6_games in different seasons. Sometimes they play inside, sometimes they play outside. We can _7_sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting _8_people everywhere like them. Football, for example, is very popular in the world. People _9_different countries cant understand each other, but after a game they often become very _10_to each other. 1. A. good for B. good at C. good D. good to 2. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 3. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4. A. in front B. in the front C. in the front of D. in front of 5. A. change B. are C. play D. start 6. A. same B. different C. the same D. the different 7. A. see B. look C. find D. watch 8. A. so B. but C. or D. and 9. A. from B. to C. outside D. inside 10. A. friend B. friendly C. friends D. more friendly 四 阅读理解： Helen Keller lived in the USA.When she was a baby, she got very sick. After she was better, she Couldnt see and hear well. A few years later, things got worse. There was no way for Helen to speak To other people. She heard nothing. She saw nothing. She didnt understand anything. One day a teacher came to live with Helen and her family. The teacher helped Helen learn about Words. Helen was such a bright girl that she could spell her first word soon. When she was older, she Went to college. Helen became very famous later. She traveled around the world and helped many blind And deaf people. The world remembers her today as a brave and wonderful person. She was blind and Deaf, but she found a way to see and hear. 1. Helen Keller got very sick when _. A. she was