《商务英语泛读》PPT课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Survey of International Trade,Overall Task 1: Learning Objective,To know about the history of international trade. To grasp the theories of international trade. To get familiar with unique problems related with international trade.,Overall Task 2: Lead In,Trading, the exchange of goods and services, is the one of the most basic activities of mankind. It has existed in every society, every part of the world, and actually every day since a primitive man swapped an animal skin for stone chisel. International trade, in nature, is just like any other trade except that it crosses international boundary lines. The following lessons will help us understand the history of international trade, some trade-related theories, and some trade-related issues as well.,Text A History of International Trade,Pre-class Task 1 Read text A once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, the glossary, or dictionaries.,Pre-class Task 2 Read text A a second time for a better understanding of the main points and discuss the following questions.,How was trade conducted in earlier times? Trade in earlier times was conducted largely between a mother country and its colonies. It was conducted according to strict mercantilist principles. The colonies were supposed to supply the mother country with raw materials, and they were expected to buy all finished goods from the mother country.,What measures did they take when nations sensed a threat to their domestic economics? Nations, sensing a threat to their domestic economies, sought to protect themselves from further disturbances by erecting various barriers to trade.,3. Which act referred to in the passage reduced U.S. tariffs? Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act,4. Which organization grew out of Bretton Woods Conference? What did this organization aim for? The International Monetary Fund was established as a result of the conference. The Fund was designed to encourage the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies and their rate of foreign exchange.,5. Why does a large market area greatly stimulate economic growth and prosperity? Because some of the groups erected a single tariff on the goods of outsiders coming into their common area and they can freely manufactured and sold.,In-class Task 1: Comprehension Task Mark each of the following statements with “T” for True or “F” for False according to what you have learned from text A. (T) 1. International trade today has many differences with European commerce as it existed between the 16th century and the 19th century. (T) 2. After 1864 Great Britain ended long-standing policy of protectionism. (F) 3. As the means of making international payments broken down and trade restrictions increased, some countries couldnt obtain foreign goods. (F) 4. In the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act there was no the protectionist clause, U. S. tariffs were substantially reduced. (T) 5. The Geneva tariff agreements prohibit nations from placing quotas or limits on imports unless it is under very special circumstances.,In-class Task 2 : Term Task Term translation mother country raw material finished goods domestic production dollar supply free trade commercial agreement tariff rate international payment currency devaluation 配额制 互惠贸易协定 外汇 最惠国条款 关税同盟 贸易集团 例外条款 重商主义原则 经济衰退 国内经济,In-class Task 3 : Vocabulary Task Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. 1. depression 2. abandoned 3.currency 4. repeal 5. resemble 6. soar 7. negotiated 8. long-standing 9. are supposed to 10. merged,In-class Task 4 : Sentence Task . Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 殖民地向宗主国供应原料，而其（所需全部）制成品则应从宗主国购买。 2. 由于这种国际支付手段的崩溃以及贸易限制的增加，一些国家不得不采取以易货的方法以得到外国货物。 3. 然而这次会议并未能制止货币贬值、提高关税以及实行配额制等情况的连续发生。 4. 任何两个国家就某个产品达成降低关税的协议时，这种好处就扩大到所有的成员国。这就是所谓最惠国条款的应用。 5. 所有这些贸易集团的目标是把小的政治单位合并成一些大的地理实体，以便在这些实体内自由生产和销售货物。,. Put the following into English. 1. Without exchange reserves or credit, or the possibility of negotiating another type of agreement, the only alternative is barter. 2. After World War , there emerged various forms of cross border business activities such as trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment and technology transfer, etc. 3. International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources whether labor, technology, or capitalmore efficiently. International trade continues to be dominated by advanced industrialized countries, the trade volume of which account for over half of the worlds total. 5. The uneven distribution of the worlds resources determines the patterns of the world trade.,After-class Task 1: Discussion 略,Text B The theories of International Trade,Pre-class Task 1: Read text B once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, the glossary, or dictionaries.,Pre-class Task 2: Read text B a second time for a better understanding of the main points and discuss the following questions.,How would you define international trade? International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another.,2. Why did international trade first begin? In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. The distribution of natural resources is uneven.,3. What is the new incentive for trade with the development of manufacturing and technology? With the development of the manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specializationone country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries.,4. Which are two theories of international specialization? Which theory makes more sense? Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two theories of international specialization. The latter makes more sense.,5. Is comparative advantage something static? Is it purely decided by the endowments of nature? Give examples to show the development of comparative advantage by certain countries. Comparative advantage something is not static. It is not purely decided by the endowments of nature. Switzerlands watch-making, the most up-to-date technology using in the United States.,In-class Task 1 : Comprehension Task Mark each of the following statements with “T” for True or “F” for False according to what you have learned from text B. (T)1. No country can be completely self-sufficient, the distribution of natural resources is uneven, international specialization arose-these are the reasons why international trade began and developed. (F) 2. In reality, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity. (T) 3. According to the theory of comparative advantage, one country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity of its comparative disadvantage. (F) 4.For a country, the endowment of nature is the only precondition of developing a particular comparative advantage. (F)5. The idea of absolute advantage as the basis for economic specialization has a strong intuitive appeal, it has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.,In-class Task 2: Term Task Term translation absolute advantage comparative advantage international specialization the endowment of nature oil deposits the exchange of goods and services up-to-date technology intuitive appeal the cornerstone of thinking make sense 农产品 初级产品 互惠贸易 贸易伙伴 分享贸易所获 提高效益 静止概念 事实上 金属储量 自然资源,In-class Task 3: Vocabulary Task Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. 1.illustrate 2. make sense 3.attempt 4.exploit 5.rely 6. define 7. appeal 8. self-sufficient 9. constitute 10.abundant,1 In-class Task 4 : Sentence Task Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.自然资源的分布是不均衡的。有些国家的资源非常丰富，而其他国家资源稀少,甚至没有资源。一个国家可能某些资源丰富，但其他资源贫乏。 2.一个国家所生产的某种商品数量超出它的消费，并将所剩商品卖给其他国家。这种专门化构成了国际贸易的一个重要基础。 3.第一个国家应该专门生产和出口其绝对不利较小的那种商品，即具有比较优势的商品，而进口其绝对不利较大的商品，即其具有比较劣势的商品. 4.只要存在比较优势，两个贸易伙伴便都能够分享贸易所获。利用比较利益而进行贸易能够在各国间提高效益，因为这样做可以改善一个国家的经济状况而不损害另一个国家的情况。 5.作为经济专门化的基础，绝对利益理论具有很强的直觉吸引力。,Put the following into English. 1. Where there are no differences among countries in the basic capabilities at producing goods, other bases for trade among them may still exist. 2. Every nation in the world will gain by specializing in exporting those goods which it has comparative economic advantages over other countries. 3. The developed countries are in rich in skilled work force and capital resources, so they can concentrate on producing many technology-intensive products. 4. The benefits of specialization may also be affected by transport costs: goods and raw materials have to be transported around the world and the cost of the transport narrows the limits between which it will prove profitable to trade. 5. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries.,After-class Task 1: Discussion 略,Text C Unique Problems in International Trade,Pre-class Task 1: Read text C once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, the glossary, or dictionaries.,Pre-class Task 2: Read text C a second time for a better understanding of the main points and discuss the following questions. 1. Which problems in international trade should be aware ? We should be aware of cultural problems, monetary conversation and trade barriers.,2. What results would be brought in if one businessperson isnt aware of promptness in France? He may insult the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.,3. How is the conversion rate determined by every market? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold.,4. What are the most common import barriers? Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs barriers.,5. Why are protective tariffs very high? The basic reason for a protective tariff is to keep out goods that will undersell products made in the home country.,In-class Task 1 : Comprehension Task Mark each of the following statements with “T” for True or “F” for False according to what you have learned from text C. (F)1.Business meeting must be there on time in every country. (T)2.The business men who are tardy may offend the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations. (F)3.There isnt an established rate, since it will often fluctuate from day to day. (T)4.Most trade barriers are designed to restrict imports because most countries want to expand exports and increase their foreign exchange earning. (F)5.Tariff duties are of three types, one type of duty is levied on one particular product.,In-class Task 2 : Term Task Term translation unique problems monetary conversion conversion rate trade barrier revenue tariff protective tariff financial institution conduct transaction military material government permission 从量税 从价税 混合税 规定时间 业务洽谈 建立贸易关系 将外币兑换成美元 文化问题 独特的风俗习惯 以.结束,In-class Task 3: Vocabulary Task Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. 1. fluctuate 2. restrict 3. insult 4. end up 5. dilemma 6. unique 7. contact 8. amount to 9. convert 10. in particular,In-class Task 4： Sentence Task Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 公司在国外做生意时，会接触具有不同文化背景的人. 2. 姗姗来迟的外国商人常被留在外面等候，好让他们知道准时的重要。 3. 汇率是由买卖各国货币的各个市场确定的。所以，虽然汇率每天会变化，但是有一个确定的汇率。 4. 配额是非关税壁垒最常见的一种形式。它在一定时期内限制一种商品的进口。其限制可以以数量计算，也可以以价值计算。 5. 关税是限制贸易最常见的形式。关税是对进口到一个国家的商品所征收的税额或费用。,Put the following into English. 1. Tariffs serve two main purposes: to generate tax revenuerevenue tariff and to discourage imports protective tariff. 2. When dealing in exporting and importing, foreign traders must be aware of such problems on cultural differences, monetary conversions, and trade barriers which often bring about troubles in international trade. 3. Often, tariffs are protective, for it can help infant industries to shield from strong international competition from old co-operations. 4. In International trade, business people should be constantly on the alert against different local customs and business norms. 5. These exchange rates float every day and are constantly updated in banks and foreign exchange offices around the world.,After-class Task 1: Discussion 略,Thank You,Chapter 2 International Economic Trade Organizations,Overall Task 1: Learning Objective,To know the basics of WTO and Chinas WTO accession. To grasp the operation and the current situation of the IMF. To get familiar with the knowledge ABC and function of the World Bank.,Overall Task 2: Lead In,With the development of the international trade, contacts among countries will be closer. Some international economic and trade organizations have played，are playing and will play more and more important parts. Here we will learn three most important organizations which are the mainstays of the world economy-the World Trade Organization, The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.,Text A The World Trade Organization,Pre-class Task 1 Read text A once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, the glossary, or dictionaries.,Pre-class Task 2 Read text A a second time for a better understanding of the main points and discuss the following questions.,What are the new areas of activity of WTO? Service transactions, intellectual property rights, trade-related investment issues, and agriculture.,2. What are the WTOs main principles? The most-favored nation concept; reduce customs duties as far as possible; the abolition of quantitative restrictions on imports; these are permissible, however, exceptions are carefully supervised.,3. What are the three new dimensions added to WTOs responsibilities? First, the WTO has had a legal framework to function in. Second, the WTO is in a position to exert powerful leverage on the trading policies of its member states, it has mightier teeth to enforce the rules and regulations of this governing global body. Third, in addition to the traditional goods trade under the GATT, the WTO also policies the technology trade and the service trade, which account for a large segment of business interflow of today.,4. When was WTO created? When did China join it? WTO was created on January 1, 1995 and China joined it on November 10, 2001.,5.In terms of trade, which benefits can WTO bring ? China will enjoy protection against the imposition of barriers on its goods. The United States will cease the annual review procedure in which Congress considers ending “normal trade relations” with China based on its human rights performance.,In-class Task 1: Comprehension Task Mark each of the following statements with “T” for True or “F” for False according to what you have learned from text A. (T) 1.WTO takes over the traditional functions of the informal GATT, and in addition expands and diversifies its role into new areas of activity. (F) 2.According to WTO principles, every contracting party requires the abolition of quantitative restrictions on imports in every situation. (F) 3.Like the GATT, WTO has had a legal framework to function in. (T)4.After joining WTO, China can protect against the imposition of barriers on its goods. (T)5.In addition to enjoying the rights, China must make sweeping changes in nearly every sector of its economy.,In-class Task 2 : Term Task Term translation service transactions intellectual property rights export subsidies cross-border trade the balance of payment legal framework abide by rules enjoy rights honor commitments human rights 投资问题 沿袭原则 非歧视原则 平等对待原则 最惠国 缔约国 正当保护手段 数量限制 年度审查程序 贸易伙伴,In-class Task 3 : Vocabulary Task Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. 1. supervise 2. approve 3. abide 4. dominate 5. inherit 6.responsible 7. unrestricted 8. exerted 9. facilitate 10.distinct,In-class Task 4 : Sentence Task . Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.世界贸易组织的产生是乌拉圭回合谈判协定的结果，它将负责执行这一协定。 2. 世贸组织虽然在法律上区别于关贸总协定，但它承袭了关贸总协定的职能、职员及其机构设置。 3. 为了更有利于跨境贸易的自由发展，世贸组织已增加了三个方面的新责任. 4. 来自几乎所有的WTO的142个成员国的贸易部长一致同意了中国的会员申请。 5. 中国的邻国则担心这个无限制发展的巨大国家将要垄断亚洲贸易，并且以此施加其政治控制。,. Put the following into English. 1. Admitting China to join the WTO is a decisive step in strengthening the global economic trading system. 2. WTO could not be called a “world” organization without the worlds most populous nation. 3. China joined the WTO, it will be huge to the worlds capital flows, especially in the fields of baking, insurance and telecommunication. 4. The development of the financial sector will face both opportunities and severe challenges after Chinas WTO accession. 5. Chinas WTO accession answers the needs of its own economic development, and also the need of its self-perfection and development.,After-class Task 1: Discussion 略,Text B The International Monetary Fund,Pre-class Task 1: Read text B once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, the glossary, or dictionaries.,Pre-class Task 2: Read text B a second time for a better understanding of the main points and discuss the following questions.,1. In what backgrounds was the international monetary fund (IMF) created? Private financial sector