动名词与动词不定式用法类析.doc

动名词与动词不定式用法类析 英语中某些动词后可跟动名词或动词不定式，有时两者意思差别不大，有时却截然不同。现分别例析如下：一、两者意思相似，但稍有差别：1startbegin doing sth (或to do sth)析：startbegin doing sth与startbegin to do sth，两者均表示“开始做某事”，一般可通用，但指开始一项长期或习惯的活动时，多用doing形式，例如：(1)I startedbegan learning(或to learn)English in 1992我在1992年开始学英语。 (2)How old were you when you first started playing football?你第一次踢足球时多大？2.1ike doing sth(或to do sth)析：like doing sth与like to do sth两者均表示“喜欢做某事”，有时可以通用，但表示一般性或抽象的多次性行为多用doing形式；表示某一特定场合具体的动作时，多用to do形式。类似此用法的动词还有hate(憎恨)，love(爱、喜欢)，prefer(更喜欢)等，例如：(1)Fox example，Lily likes to dance(或dancing)，but I like to sing(或singing)例如，莉莉喜欢跳舞，但我喜欢唱歌。(2)He likeshates swimming，but he doesnt likehate to swim today.他喜欢/讨厌游泳，但他今天不喜欢/讨厌游泳。二、两者意思一样，可以互相替换：1continue doing sth.( 或to do sth.)析：continue doing 与 continue to do sth. 两者均表示“继续做某事”,通常可以互相替换。例如：（1）He continued asking (to ask ) the same question . 他继续问同样的问题。三、只有doing sth ,而没有to do sth. 1find doing sth 和practice doing sth. 析：find doing sth 表示“发现某人正在做某事”；practice doing sth 表示“练习做某事”。类似此用法的动词还有：finish(完成)，keep (继续)，mind (介意)，cant help (情不自禁)，look forward to (期望)，pay attention to (注意)，feel like (想要)，consider(考虑)等。（1）I find the girl reading a book under the tree .我发现那个女孩在树下读书。(2) I am considering changing my job . 我正在考虑改变我的工作。（3）We must practice speaking English every day. 我们必须每天练习说英语。四、两者意思截然不同：1stop doing sth和stop to do sth析：stop doing sth是“动宾结构”，表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do sth表示“停下来改做另一件事”，stop是不及物动词，不定式是目的状语，例如：(1)Stop talking! Its time for class不要讲话！是该上课的时候了。(2)The woman stopped to have a rest那个女人停下来休息一下。2see sb doing sth与see sb do sth析：see sbdoing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事”；see sbdo sth(do是省to的动词不定式)表示“经常看见某人做某事或看到某一动作的全过程”。类似此用法的动词还有hear(听见)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉)等，例如：（1） I often saw him play football and yesterday afternoon I saw him playing football我经常看见他踢足球，昨天下午我看到他正在踢足球。（2） I heard the girl singing a song in the room just now .我刚才听见那个女孩在房间唱歌。3 go on doing sth.与go on to do sth析：go on doing sth表示“继续做一直在做的事”，同义词组为go on with sth；go onto do sth表示“继续接着做另一件事”，例如：(1) Please go on doing your homeworkPlease go on with your homework请继续做你的家庭作业。(2)After l finished my homework, I went on to watch TV在我完成作业后，我继续看电视。4remember doing sth与remember to do sth 析：remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”；remember to do sth表示“记住要做某事”。类似此用法的动词还有forget(忘记)，regret(遗憾)等，例如：(1)I rememberforget seeing the film我记得/忘记看过那场电影。(2)Please rememberdont forget to post the letter请记住/不要忘记去寄那封信。5try doing sth与try to do sth析：try doing sth表示“试着做某事”；try to do sth表示“试图(尽力)做某事”，例如：(1)Let me try driving a car让我试着开那辆小汽车。(2)I try to finish the work on time我试图按时完成那个工作。6need doing与need to do sth析：need doing表示“需要被做”，主语一般为物，相当于need to be done；need to dosth表示“需要做某事”，主语一般为人。类似此用法的动词还有want(需要)等，例如：(1)My car needs mending。=My car needs to be mended我的小汽车需要修理。(2)We need to study hard我们需要努力学习。常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如：1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?I am interested in playing football.5.在以下结构中1.enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事；2.finish doing sth；完成做某事；3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事；4.stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事）5.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事；6.go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；7.remember doing sth 记得做过某事；8.like doing sth 喜欢做某事；9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做 10.try doing sth 试着做某事；11.need doing sth 需要做某事；12.prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事；13.mind doing sth 介意做某事；14.miss doing sth 错过做某事；15.practice doing sth 练习做某事；16.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；17.cant help doing sth禁不住做某事；18.waste time/money doing浪费时间/金钱做;19.keep sb.doing让始终/一直做20.stop sb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事21.prefer doing to doing =like A better than B喜欢做A更喜欢做B22.“do some +doing”短语如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking23“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎).注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lostKeepclosed / a boy called/named Tom动名词概说动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词，动名词在句中可以：1）用作主语：Dancing bored him。 跳舞使他厌烦。 2）用作表语：Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。3）用作宾语：Please stop talking.请不要说话了。4）用作介词宾语：He was arrested for smuggling. 他因走私而被捕。5）构成合成词：Who won the singing contest? 歌咏比赛谁赢了？还可用于下面这类句子中：No smoking. 禁止吸烟。 No loitering.不许在此逗留。No spitting. 禁止吐痰。 No parking。禁止泊车。作为动词，它也有几种形式：主动形式 被动形式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done它也可以有它的宾语（a）或状语（b）：a. He was fond of playing tennis .他喜欢打网球。b. She is thinking of going home this summer. 她想今年夏天回家。它还可以用一个代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑上的主语：He disliked her working late. 他不喜欢她工作到很晚。用名词所有格显得比较文气，在口语中常把s省略掉：I dont remember my mothers talking about it.(较文气的说法)I dont remember my mother talking about it. (较口语化的说法)有些动名词已变得接近名词或变成名词，它们可有复数形式（a），前面可加冠词（b），甚至有定语修饰(c)：a. Dickens often gave rendings of his works. 狄更斯常常朗读自己的作品。b. Who did the cooking? 谁做的饭？c. I always enjoy a little light reading. 我一向喜欢读点轻松的东西。这些可称为名词化动名词（Verbal Nouns）。有些以-ing结尾的词已完全变成名词：He could not analyze his feeling. 他没法分析自己的感情。Take good care of your belongs. 注意保管好你的东西。动名词做主语和表语1）动名词可用作主语Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲语法容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Finding work, is difficult these days. 现今找工作不容易。Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Walking is my sole exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。To her, windsurfing is too dangerous.在她看来冲浪太危险。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。Gambling is forbidden in our country. 我国禁止赌博。Sailing a boat is great fun. 驾驶帆船很有意思。Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。2）有时可用先行词it作主语，而把动名词主语放到句子后部去，作表语的可以是形容词）（a），也可以是名词（b）：a. Its nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。Its hopeless arguing about it. 争辩这事没有用。Is it worthwhile quarreling with her ? 和她吵架值得吗？It was pleasant and comfortable sitting there. 坐在那里惬意舒适。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。b. Its a wonder meeting you here .在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Its no good coming before that . 在那之前来没有用。Its no use asking me.I dont know any more than you do.问我没用，我知道的不比你多。Its been a lot of fun staying here.住在这里很有意思。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。3）“There is +no”后可以用动名词左主语，表示“没法”：There was no knowing what he could do .他能做什么很难说。There was no telling when this might happen again.没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。Hes selfish,theres no denying it.他很自私，这是不可否认的There was no mistaking in his intention.他的意图不可能看错。4) 动名词还可用作表语：Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Their pastime is going to movies. 他们的消遣是看电影。Her favourite sport is skiing.她最喜欢的运动是滑雪。One of her duties is keeping the department files.她的任务之一是管理部门的档案。His favourite occupation is fishing.他最喜欢的活动是钓鱼Their mayor amusement is raising pigeons. 他们的主要消遣是养鸽子。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。Seeing is believe. （谚）眼见为实。动名词作宾语1）有许多动词可用动名词作宾语：I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.我建议结束会议。He admitted taking the money.他承认钱是他拿的。Do you enjoy teaching?你喜欢教书吗？Avoid over-eating.要避免暴食。Fancy meeting you!真想不到在这里碰到你。I couldnt help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来。He considered going to see Paul in person.他考虑亲自去见保罗。I detest looking at snakes.我讨厌看见蛇。I dread going to big parties.我害怕参加大型晚会。He loves playing the piano.他爱弹钢琴。I like travelling very much.我非常喜欢旅行。I hate lying and cheating.我讨厌撒谎骗人。It has stopped raining。雨已经停了。I finished reading the book last night.这书我昨晚看完了。He kept complaining.他不停地抱怨。I couldnt risk missing the train.我不能冒搭不上火车的险。Theyre practising singing the new song.他们在练习唱新歌。He denied making any statement to that effect.他否认作过这种内容的声明。So you prefer living abroad?这样说你更愿意住在国外？He proposed founding a school there.他建议在那里建一所学校。I advised taking a different approach.我建议采取另一种处理方法。She continued watching me.她继续瞧着我。He located travelling by air.他讨厌坐飞机。Would you mind moving your car?劳驾把车挪一下可以吗？To raise wages means increasing purchasing power.增加工资意味着提高购买力。He didnt recall saying it.他不记得说过这话。Do you recollect meeting her?你还记得见过她吗？He never can resist making a joke.他总是禁不住要说笑话。The garden needs watering.花园需要浇水。Your coat wants brushing.你的大衣需要刷一下。2）许多成语动词也可以用动名词作宾语：He has given up playing football.他现在不踢足球了。They will put off doing it until next year.他们将推迟到明年再做此事。Even then she carried on talking.即使在那时，她还继续谈话。Prices keep on increasing.物价不断上涨。Ned left off talking about the firm.奈德不再谈公司的事。She waved to me and went on skteching.她向我挥挥手，又接着画素描。He burst out crying like a child.他像小孩一样突然哭了起来。She decided to cut out smoking.她决定戒烟。在（be）worth后也可跟动名词作宾语：His suggestion is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。Its worth making an effort.这值得作一番努力。Thats worth watching,isnt it?那值得一看，对吧？New York is a city worth visiting.纽约是一座值得一看的城市。3）有些动词可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，有时两者意思不同，如：I remember telling you about it.我记得曾告诉过你这件事。Remember to tell him about it.记得告诉他这件事。Weve always regretted selling the farm。我们一直懊悔把农场卖给他。I regret to tell you that my father is ill.我遗憾的告诉你我父亲病了。Ill never forget hearing Chaliapin singing in that opera.我永远不会忘记听查理亚平在那部歌剧里的演唱。He forgot to bring his umbrella.他忘了带雨伞。Try doing more exercises;youll soon lose weight.多做些运动试试，你的体重很快就会减轻。Ill try to improve.我将设法改进。She couldnt help feeling depressed.她禁不住感到沮丧。All this helped(to)raise farm yields.这一切帮助提高了农业产量。Your hair wants cutting.你的头发需要理了。Somebody wants to see you.有人想见你。The pants need pressing.这条裤子需要熨烫。I dont think you need to worry about it.我想你不必为此发愁。4）有时两种结构只有细微的差别，例如在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等动词后，动名词多表示一般情况，不定式多表示即将发生的事：Do you like reading?你喜欢看书吗？I should like to hear others views.我愿意听听别人的意见。She loves working in the garden.她喜欢在花园里干活。She said shed love to come sometime. 她说以后有一天她会愿意来的。I hate asking favors,我不愿意求人帮忙。He would hate to disappoint you.他不愿意让你失望。Oh,I prefer being alone.啊，我宁愿一个人待着。We preferred to walk there.我们宁愿步行到那里。She dreads seeing them.她害怕见到他们。I dread to think what may happen.我害怕去想会发生什么情况。有时两者可以换用，意思上没有差别：He hated thinking (to think)about it.他不愿想这件事。She loves having(to have)lots of young men round her.她喜欢周围有许多青年男子。I like reading(to read) detective stories.我喜欢看侦探小说。She prefers living(to live)among the office workers.她宁愿生活在上班族中间。5）在begin ，Start，intend，continue和cease后跟动名词或不定式都可以。有时意思上没有什么差别，例如：It has started raining(to rain).开始下雨了。The band began playing(to play).乐队开始演奏。He intended coming(to come) back soon.他打算不久就回来。She continued working(to work)as if nothing had happened.她继续干活，好像什么也没有发生过。They ceased talking(to talk)and I began reading.他们停止了交谈，我开始看书。有时有点细微的差别，在begin，Start和cease后，不定式多表示情况发生变化（a）,而动名词表示有意识地开始或停止（b）.aSuddenly it started to rain.天突然下起雨来。Philip began to cry.菲利普哭了起来。The matter has ceased to be a mystery to us.这事对我们不再是个迷。b Then the little girl started singing.这时那小姑娘开始唱歌。We began making preparitions for the trip.我们开始作旅行的准备。The factory has ceased making bicycles.该厂已停止生产自行车。在以-ing结尾的动词后不宜再用动名词，以避免-ing的重复：He was beginning to miss her.他开始惦记她。Its starting to rain.天开始下起雨来。【注】stop后面有时跟不定式，但它并不是宾语而是状语，用于说明stop的目的：He stopped to talk to us.他停下来和我们说话。（比较：He stopped talking to us.他停止和我们交谈。）动名词作介词的宾语1）有许多由介词构成的成语动词后可以跟动名词作宾语：She insisted to writing at once.她坚持马上就写。Why do you persist in writing such things?你为什么老写些这样的东西？Robbie couldnt keep from laughing.罗比禁不住笑了起来。They objected to leaving the motel.他们反对离开这家汽车旅馆。He thought of writing to her.他考虑给她写信。The young man dreamed of becoming a surgeon这个小伙子一心想成为一名外科医生。.Ive always believed in being broad-minded.我一向主张宽宏大量。The plant must aim at increasing production,工厂必须努力增加生产。Andrew set about writing his report.安德鲁着手写他的报告。I dont feel like going to the movie.我不想去看电影。She succeeded in making a most favourable impression她成功地给人留下非常好的印象。.Please refrain from smoking during the performance.演出时请勿吸烟。Goodness consists in being honest.善良主要在于诚实。He never complained about working overtime.他从不抱怨加班加点。He was so poor that be resorted to stealing.他穷得只能去偷。She was looking forward to learning the hospital wards.她盼望离开医院病房。2）还有不少“be+形容词+介词”的结构后也常可用动名词作宾语：Are you interested in going with us?你有兴趣和我们一道去吗？I was afraid of making them uneasy.我怕使他们感到不安。He was fond of speaking French.他很喜欢讲法语。She is awfully good at looking after people.她很会照顾人。He wasnt keen on buying a car.他并不急着想买车。I was angry about missing the film. 没看上这部片子我很生气.He was excited at hearing the news.听了这消息他很激动。We were surprised at finding the house empty.。发现房子里空无一人我们感到惊讶。Who is responsible for locking up the school?谁负责给学校锁门？Im tired of thinking about it.想这事我已经想烦了。He was not accustomed to associating with such people.他不习惯于和这类人交往。He is quite capable of neglecting his duty.他很有可能失职。Im used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理这种事我已经习惯了。Im sick of hearing you talk like that.我烦听你这样说话。Im fed up with talking to you.和你谈话我都谈烦了。3）在“及物动词+宾语+介词”这类结构后，也常可跟动名词作宾语：They accused him of playing his radio too loudly.他们指责他开收音机开得太响。He charged them with receiving stolen goods.他指控他们收受赃物。They suspected him of being the thief.他们怀疑他偷盗。Thank you for doing this job for us.谢谢你帮我们做了这件事。Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.请原谅我没早一些给你回信。Forgive(Pardon)me for interrupting you . 请原谅我打断你的话。That did not prevent him from doing so. 这并没有组织他那样做。Keep that child from yelling. 别让那孩子大喊大叫。Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition. 什么也不能阻止我实现我的抱负。He dedicated his life to fighting corruption. 他毕生致力于和腐败作斗争。Mother Teresa devoted herself to caring for the poor.特丽莎嬷嬷献身于照顾穷人。在How about后也常用动名词作宾语：How about coming with us to the club?和我们一道去俱乐部如何？How about putting the sofacloser to the window?把长沙发放得靠窗子近点怎么样？4）许多介词可以跟动名词构成状语：Bass waited a little while before making up his mind.巴斯稍等了一会才拿定主意。After standing in the queue for an hour,we got two tickets.站了一小时的队，我们买了两张票。And,in doing so,he fell into contraditions.在这样做时，他陷入了矛盾之中。On reaching the city,he called up Lester.一到达这座城市，他就给莱斯特打了电话。I dont blame you for being cautious.你小心谨慎我不怪你。What has he done besides reading the paper?除了看报他还干些什么？There is nothing to gain by waiting.坐等不会有收获。Without waiting for any reply,he left the room.他不等回答就离开了房间。He had not bought a new suit since coming to Oxford.来牛津之后他没买过一套新衣服。She dissusded me from doing it.她劝我不要做那事。5）还有一些由介词构成的短语，后面可跟动名词作宾语：Instead of going to New York,we got off at Boston.我们没去纽约，而是在波斯顿下了车。Guests can relax in the lounge prior to entering the theatre.客人在进入剧场之前可以在休息厅放松一下。He was afraid to speak for fear of making errors.他怕出错而不敢讲话。He is studying with a view to going to university.他在学习，准备上大学。I called in the hope of finding her at home.我去拜访是想在她家找到她。6）有些介词可以和动名词构成定语：He is good at the art of making friends.他堪谙交友之道。I admired his skill at driving.我佩服他开车的技术。He had the chance(opportunity)of visiting Beijing.他有机会访问北京。Its a device for opening bottles.这是一种开瓶装置。He invented a new process of dyeing.他发明了一种染色新工艺。She doesnt have much experience in dealing with children.对待孩子方面她经验不多。She couldnt invent a reason for not going.她编造不出不去的理由。Whats the advantage of using nuclear power?利用核能有什么好处？He advocated a new method of teaching English.他倡导一种教英语的新方法。I have no objection to sending him abroad.我不反对派他出国。I have no intention of defending myself.我无心为自己辩护。To whom do I have the honour of speaking?我有幸和哪位讲话？I do not like her way of talking.我不喜欢她的讲话方式。间或介词也可和动词一道构成表语：Im for doing nothing till the police arrive.我主张在警察到来之前不要采取任何行动。Im in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast.我习惯于吃早饭看报。Father was against selling the property.父亲反对出售这份产业。Talking to him was like playing on an exquisite violin.和他谈话就像弹奏一把美妙的提琴。动名词的被动形式和完成形式1）动名词有时需用被动形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：aHe hates being interrupted.他不愿意被人打断。He narrowly escaped being run over .他差点被车压了。I appreciate being given this opportunity.我很感谢给了我这个机会。I remembered being taken to Paris as a small child. 我记得小时候曾被带到巴黎。Grace resented being called a baby.格雷斯讨厌别人叫他小宝宝。He just missed being caught.他差点没被抓住。She disliked being spoken to like that. 她不喜欢别人对她这样讲话。We cannot help being touched by their zeal.我们禁不住被他们的热情所打动。bI object to being spoken to like that.我反对别人对我这样讲话。He hoped to get out without being seen.他不希望不被人看见溜出来。All laws have to be submitted to Parliament for ratification before being put into force.所有法律在实施前均需提交议会批准。He ran away for fear of being hurt.他跑掉了，惟恐受到伤害。Who can prevent their plans from being carried out?谁能阻止他们那些计划的实现？She is far from being pleased about it.对此她很不满意。Im not used to being treated like this.我不习惯受这种款待。She openly talked of having been let down.她公开谈到被人涮了。间或也可用作主语：It felt funny being called Grandma.被人称作奶奶怪怪的。Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路有时会很害怕。2）动名词有时需要完成形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：aHe denied having been there.他不承认到过那里。I could not recall having heard ahyone say that before.我不记得以前听人说过这话。I dont recallect having seen him before.我不记得以前见过他。I regretted having left Montreal.我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。He reported having met only a cyclist.他报告说只碰到一个骑车的人。She admits having seen us.她承认见到了我们。I dont remember having heared you say that.我不记得听你说过这话。bHe accused me of having broken my word.他指责我不守信用。We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。He was ashamed of having failed to pass the test.测试没通过他感到羞愧。Dont be angry with me for not having written to you.我没给你写信，请别生气。After having had some practice,he decided to try again.经过一番练习，他决定再试一次。The safe showed no signs of having been touched.保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示，可用在：a主语前：Your coming to help is a great encourag