2011年全国历届中考真题分类一卷通话题十四历史与地理.doc

话题十四历史与地理测试时间： 45分钟 测试总分： 60分 得分：.完形填空（15分）（2011衢州）George Washington Carver was born in 1864. He was born a slave(奴隶). When he was still a baby, his mother was stolen. He was kept by his master.All his life George loved 1 . When he was only seven years old, he already knew so 2 about plants that people in his hometown called him “the plant doctor”.George wanted to learn as much as he could, but there was no 3 for black children where he lived. When he was ten, he left home to find a town that would allow 4 children to attend school. He studied in Missouri and Kansas 5 he finished high school. All this time he had to work to 6 his own expense(费用). He worked as a cook and opened his own laundry.In 1890, George began college. At first he studied art, but he still had a 7 of plants. He began to study agriculture(农业). After he graduated, the famous inventor Thomas Edison asked him to work in his lab but George 8 . He had other 9 . He started an agricultural organization for black students in Alabama.In those days, many 10 in the south grew only cotton. This was 11 to the soil(土壤). After a while the 12 would not grow as well. George Washington Carver wanted to help farmers in the south to grow plants like peanuts and sweet potatoes. These plants helped the 13 . Over the years he invented hundreds of ways to use these two plants.George Washington Carver invented so many things that he was 14 “The Wizard(能手) of Tuskegee”. He died in 1943 at the 15 of 79.( ) 1. A. animals B. plants C. buildings D. photos( ) 2. A. much B. many C. little D. few( ) 3. A. house B. farm C. hospital D. school( ) 4. A. brown B. yellow C. black D. white( ) 5. A. when B. until C. for D. since( ) 6. A. cost B. spend C. pay D. take( ) 7. A. love B. hate C. question D. surprise( ) 8. A. accepted B. refused C. understood D. cared( ) 9. A. situations B. suggestions C. plays D. plans( ) 10. A. farmers B. scientists C. doctors D. inventors( ) 11. A. helpful B. harmful C. careful D. wonderful( ) 12. A. pumpkin B. peanut C. cotton D. potato( ) 13. A. soil B. water C. air D. weather( ) 14. A. seen B. look C. found D. called( ) 15. A. time B. year C. age D. season.短文填空（5分）（2011衢州）The Hawaii Volcanoes(火山) National Park is on the island of Hawaii, it has two active volcanoes. One is Mauna Loa, which means “Long Mountain”. Mauna Loa is the worlds most massive volcano. The other is Kilauea. It is next to Mauna Loa and it is the most active volcano in the world. 1 The park is open 24 hours a day year round. There are no plants or trees on the fields and no protection from the sun, so you must bring sunglasses. You can visit it anytime. 2 The best way go get to the park is to take Highway 11. From the airport at Hilo, Highway 11 will take you southward across the eastern part of the island. 3 The Kilauea Visitor Center is a quarter mile from the park entrance. There, you can learn about the islands geological, natural, and cultural history. From some areas in the park, you can see volcanic activity. 4 Do not climb on, collect, or alter any rocks or rock structures. Also, do not feed the endangered nene, Hawaiis state bird.从A、B、C、D中选择正确的选项作为文章第25段的小标题，并填入第14四个空格中。( ) 1. A. What to obey B. How to get there C. What to see D. When to visit( ) 2. A. What to obey B. How to get there C. What to see D. When to visit ( ) 3. A. What to obey B. How to get there C. What to see D. When to visit( ) 4. A. What to obey B. How to get there C. What to see D. When to visit( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park B. Hawaii State BirdC. Hawaii Famous Beach D. Hawaii Huge Rock.阅读理解（30分）（2011河源）(A)The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2,1666.In four days it destroyed more than three quarters of the old city,where most of those houses were built out of wood and close together.One hundred thousand people became homeless but only few lost their lives.The fire started on Sunday moring.By eight oclock three hundred houses were on fire.On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames.Tuesday was the worst day.The fire destroyed many wellknown buildings.The fire stopped only when the king finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path(路线) of the fire.With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.( ) 1.What day die the Great Fire happen in London? A. Sunday. B. Monday. C. Tuesday. D. Wednesday.( ) 2. The Great Fire of London destroyed more than _ of the old city.A.25 percent B.30 percent C.half D.75 percent( ) 3. What were most of the houses made of?A. Plastic. B. Wood. C. Stones. D. Bricks.( ) 4. Finally, the fire was out because there wasnt _ left to burn it _.A.nothing, the fire B.anything, the city C.anything, the path of the fire D.something, the streets( ) 5. How long did the fire last?A. Two days. B. Three days. C. More than four days. D. Half a month.(B)（2011昆明）Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed. Paper provided an important way to communicate with knowledge.Paper was first made in China about 2,000 years ago. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. After that, the foresty countries of Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the United States because the most important in paper-making. Today Finland makes the best paper in the world. And it has the biggest paper industry in the world. When we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books, letters, envelopes, and writing paper. So paper plays an important role in our lives.Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated(隔热)with paper. You perhaps seen homeless men sleep on a large number of newspapers. They are insulating themselves from the cold. In Finland, in winter it is sometimes 40 degrees below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.( ) 1. What did the invention of paper mean? It meant _.A. more people could be educated B. more books could be printedC. paper is one of the most important products D. Paper was invented by man.( ) 2. When was paper made in southern Europe? A. Before 1100. B. After 1400. C. After 1100. D. Before 1400( ) 3. Which country makes the best paper? A. Norway. B. Canada C. The United States. D. Finland.( ) 4. Whats the meaning of the sentence “Nothing could be warmer.”?A. Books are warmer. B. Newspapers are warmer. C. Paper is the warmest. D. Houses are the warmest. ( ) 5. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. The invention of paper. B. The best paperC. The paper-making D. The uses of paper. (C)（2011深圳）判断短文后句子是否正确，正确的用A表示，错误的用B表示。Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the north of Europe(欧洲). Near Greenland is another island. It is small. Its nam is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are wrong. Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There are more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is because Greenland is not greea Greenland is white. Most of the Greenland is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is higher than some of the worlds tall buildings. What about Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice as Greenland. Iceland has a lot of hot springs. They give out hot water and steam. So it is not as cold as Greenland. And there are a lot more people who live in Iceland. ( ) 1.Greenland is green while Iceland is white. ( ) 2.Iceland is in the south of Europe. ( ) 3.Iceland has not any ice. ( ) 4.Fewer people live in Greenland than in Iceland. ( ) 5.Greenland is larger than any other island in the world. .书面表达（10分）（2011达州）近来由于极端天气，我国长江中下游发生了特大旱情，致使小河断流，湖泊干涸，鱼类死亡，湖底成了牧场。请结合下面的提示词，以“Lets Do Something to Save Our Environment”为题写一篇80字左右的短文。内容应包括从干旱引出的环境现状、环保意识到节水，节能，控制污染等环保措施方面的描述。首句已给出，不计入字数。 提示词： bad weather, bottom（底部）, river, lake, grass land, save water, drop, tap（水龙头）, energy, turn on / off, recycle, control pollution, tears(眼泪).要求： 1. 条理清楚，有表明自己观点的句子。 2. 书写工整，句式规范，标点符号使用正确。 3. 短文中应尽量包括提示内容，可适当发挥，但不能出现真实的人名、地名。Lets Do Something to Save Our Environment It is recently reported that some rivers and lakes have dried up in South China. 话题十四 历史与地理. 15 BADCB 610 CABDA 1115 BCADC.15 DBCAA. (A)15 ADBCC (B)【主旨大意】：本文主要介绍纸的历史及其用途。1. A. 细节理解题.文章第一段第二句可知答案。2. C. 细节理解题. 从Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100知道答案。3. D. 细节理解题.从Today Finland makes the best paper in the world可知答案。4.