2012年12月商务英语课程论文2本.doc

中国计量学院2012 2013 学年第 1学期 商务英语（1） 课程论文（A）卷开课二级学院： 外国语学院 ，考试时间： 2013 年_1_月_4_日_时考试形式：闭卷、开卷，允许带 入场装订线考生姓名： 杨青 学号：1001201121 专业： 英语 班级： 10英语1 Course Paper for Business EnglishRequirements and layouts:Any research tops or themes chosen from the scope of Business English. Group cooperation with research report and term papers better based on the field research will be scored together.Research on politeness in business letter writing1. Introduction1.1. Research backgroundWith the development of globalization, there are more and more international trades between companies. Business English letter is an important communicative way to use a concise statement to communicate with enterprises and attract customers. It is more used to establish business relations, make quotations and order goods business dealings. Politeness strategy is put forward based on the “face” theory by well-known linguists Brown and Levinson. According to Brown and Levinsons view, the correct use of politeness strategies can make business letters complete the communicative purposes successfully. Especially, positive strategies and negative strategies are most frequently used. Through analyzing politeness strategies in the four categories of business letters in terms of frequency and conditions of their application, it is found that positive strategies decline and negative strategies rise with imposing degree of face-threatening act increasing in different business letters. 1.2. Research purpose The research result is helpful for people to better employ politeness strategies in business communication. For the purpose of an effective business letter, some specific writing principles should be applied. They are: consideration, completeness, correctness, concreteness, conciseness, clarity and courtesy. Through detailed illustrations, the fundamental principles of business letter writing were revealed and explored together with some theoretical bases and writing skills.2. Literature reviewEnglish business letters are an important means and play a significant role in business activities. The paper, on the basis of Grices cooperative principle and leechs politeness principle introduces the application of politeness principle in good-news or bad-news English business letters writing.3. The Application of Politeness Principle in Good-news English Business Letters WritingThis part will focus on the study of politeness strategies in good-news English business letters. We will focus on two levels: the lexical level, the syntactic level.3.1. Application of Politeness Strategies at the Lexical LevelSince the choice of words and expressions can affect the communication of good-news English business letters, the study begins at the basic level-lexical level in this thesis. The techniques of using words and expressions play a significant role in expressing politeness in good-news English business letters.Firstly, using you-attitude language. You should bear in mind the readers want and his/her reaction to the letters that when writing English business letters. Emphasizes on the readers benefits. Using the words “you” instead of “I” or “we”. For example, a. We are dealing with your problems and it will soon be solved.b. Your problems are being dealt with and it will soon be solved.Secondly, using positive words. Positive words focus on what can be done instead of what cannot be done. Positive words make the readers feel satisfied and can promote the cooperation. Words like please, sincere, thanks, pleasant, welcome, appreciate are the positive words that should be employed in the business letters writing.Thirdly, using specific words instead of general words. General words seem to imply subjectivity. Since the image is beneficial to the reader, it will definitely enhance the readers positive face by attending to the readers wants, thus positive politeness is fulfilled. According to Sympathy Maxim of leechs Politeness Principles, sympathy between self and other should be maximized.3.2. Application of politeness Strategies at the syntactic levelSentences are the principal carrier of the meaning of the English business letters. The sentences types used give the first impression on the reader other than the meaning of the sentences. Hence, the sentence types play a more significant role in expressing politeness to the reader. Firstly, using affirmative sentences. Affirmative sentences convey more friendly and polite tone because they emphasize on the positive and pleasant aspect. Secondly, using short sentence. In good news business letters, the more directly and quickly the message is conveyed, the more polite it will be., because it is beneficial to the readers. A best way is to emphasize an idea is to put independent clause or a simple sentence instead of a compound or complex sentence and avoid wordy sentences.4. The Application of Politeness Principle in Bad-news English Business Letters WritingNo business can expect to meet all the demands and requests of all the customers all the time. So, there is some so-called bad-news English business letter. 4.1. Application of Politeness Strategies at the Lexical LevelFirstly, in this part we shall use positive words and expressions. Avoid using, cannot ,fail, impossible, prohibit, deny. Using positive words to avoid rudeness when writing bad-news English business letters.Secondly, using vague language. Vague language creates in the reader is less vivid and forceful, therefore, the statement sounds more polite by showing deference to readerThirdly, using negative conjunction. The letter usually shall be sent less indirectly. generally speaking, negative conjunctions like but, however, while can be used to minimize the negative effects of a statement4.2. Application of politeness Strategies at the syntactic levelSentences used in bad-news English business letters are quite different from those in good-news business letters. They should have their own characteristics to show politenessWe should using positive tone and affirmative sentences to make the international business communication more effectively. We also should use compliments, according to Brown and Levinson, compliment is one of the positive politeness to reduce the degree of the effect of the face threatening act. And it is usually to have a positive effect on interpersonal relations during the business communication. Using complex sentences is also preferred.5. summaryPoliteness as an important means that can establish and maintain social bonds with others in communication also pervades in the business communication. By studying the English business letters, it is found that the application of cooperative and politeness strategies exists in almost every aspect of business letters, ranging from lexical level, and syntactic level of different types of English business letters. And we study the application of politeness strategies in good-news, bad-news English business letters. No matter in what kind of English business letters, positive words and expressions can always arouse the readers positive response. And whatever the type of letter it is, affirmative sentence is used to give a positive impression on the reader. Avoid using sexist language is common in the two types of English business letters. There must exist some limitations in this thesis, such as some unexplored expects that present the politeness strategies, the insufficiency of the materials. Hopefully, the study of this thesis can give some inspiration to people wo