陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气的分类.doc

1、 语气的分类 英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.虚拟语气If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在V+ ed (were)would/could/should/might +V (原)过去had donewould/could/should/might+have+p.p.将来1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.要是失败了，我会再试一次。If it should fail, I would try again. 1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _had got_ here five minutes earlier, you _would have caught_ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I _were_ not busy, I _would help_ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What _should_ we do if it _were to snow_omorrow?二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句 现在: 过去时(were) 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now. 我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather that 现在:过去时 过去:过去完成时 未来:过去时I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.3. as if /though + 从句 现在：过去时 过去：过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起来似乎是冰做的。She looked as if she were made of ice.4. Its (about/high) time +that 过去时(were)should(不省) +V.Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。即1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _obey_ (obey) the rules.2) He insisted that she _was_ (be) seriously ill and that _besent_ (send) to hospital at once.3) He suggested that we _have_ (have) a meeting at once.4) His pale face suggested that he _was_ (be) ill.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 (should) +动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.我们有必要努力学习。Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，“要是就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 10. 连词if的省略 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去,