B英语新增部分.doc

职称英语-综合类第二部分 阅读判断（变化了2篇）第三部分 概括大意与完成句子（变化了2篇）第四部分 阅读理解（变化了2篇）具体名称如下： 阅读判断：第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasnt seen yet.Belts photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “ The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people dont speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If youre a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, dont be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.练习：1. Belt has never traveled to England.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Belt has worked for a number of magazines.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. People can connect with each other in bad weather.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned答案与题解：1. B在第二段第三行，作者提到贝尔特曾经为英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片，那她自然就去过英格兰。因此，这一题题干的表述(贝尔特从没去过英格兰)明显是错误的。2. A第一段第三行说到南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲，那么她必然没去过南极洲。所以这一题题干的表述(贝尔特从没去过南极洲)是正确的。3. C第一段第一行提到贝尔特从1978年就开始为国家地理杂志工作，但是并无其他信息，所以我们无从得知在1978年之前，贝尔特是否还为其他杂志工作过。所以我们既没法说贝尔特只为国家地理一家杂志工作过，也没法说贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过。因而,我们无法在文中找到这一题题干所表述的信息(贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过)，答案只能是C。4. A在第二段第二行，作者提到贝尔特曾经在约旦的古城佩特拉进行过拍摄，这迎合题干的表述(佩特拉是一座古老的约旦城市)。所以答案为A。5. B在第三段第一行第二句话，作者提到：在语言不通的情况下，贝尔特找到了和不同年龄、不同民族的人沟通的方法。而题干中的表述(贝亦特只能和会说英语的人沟通)和文中的信息完全不符，所以答案为B。6. A在第四段第七行，作者提到：一起体验坏天气可以帮助人们增进相互间的交流。这和题干的表述(人们在坏天气下可以相互沟通)基本一致，所以答案为A。7. A第五段第一行提到贝尔特为希望从事摄影行业的人提供了一些建议：当个志愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。这和题干的表述(做一名志愿者是开始摄影生涯的一种方式)基本吻合，所以答案为A。参考译文第一篇 镜头中的世界让我们来认识摄影师艾妮格里菲斯贝尔特。贝尔特从1978年以来就一直在为国家地理杂志拍摄照片，她的拍摄足迹几乎遍布世界上的所有大洲。事实上，南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲。贝尔特的拍摄作品因美轮美奂和质量上乘而广为人知，它们也反映了世界上不同的文化和地区。贝尔特曾经为约旦古城佩特拉和英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片。最近，在一本介绍北美未开发的自然区域的书中出现了她的摄影作品。无论去哪里，贝尔特都在所到之处拍下人物照片。贝尔特已经找到在语言不通的情况下和不同年龄、不同民族的人进行沟通的方法。“我的工作的最大优势就是可以走进人们的生活，”她说，“照相机就像通行证一样，而且我常常由于人们迅速地接纳我而被搞得手足无措!”知道如何打开话题帮助贝尔特成为了一名成功的摄影师，但是专家们声称任何人都能学会如何同陌生人打交道。当语言相通时，打招呼和相互寒暄能使陌生人之间感到更舒适。当语言不通时，微笑就会变得很有用。彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。比如，贝尔特常和她的两个孩子一起旅行，所以当她为孩子们或孩子们的父母拍照时，他们就有了相同之处：家庭联系。甚至一起体验坏天气也可以帮助人们增进相互间的交流。如果你正在考虑从事摄影行业，贝尔特对此有一些建议。你可以当个志愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。你也可以用诚实的态度仔细端详自己最好的摄影作品。如果你是一位真正的摄影师，你的作品会因为你的个人特色和精湛的技艺而变得出类拔萃。贝尔特也推荐向专业摄影师的作品学习。记住，当你下一次看到漂亮的照片时，也许你看的正是艾妮格里菲斯贝尔特的作品。当你下一次遇见陌生人时，不要害怕打开话题。你为沟通所做的一切都是非常值得的。 第十二篇 Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “Thats the most important thing for a family. ”Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places， and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents： being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal， creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people dont believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday， because its so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in peoples lives.Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because its fun. “But I also learn new things every year, she says.练习：1. Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned答案与题解：1. A在第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1月1日庆祝宽扎节。所以题干的表述(人们在年底庆祝宽扎节)是正确的,答案为A。2. A从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和传统致敬,1966年美国人马拉那卡林加为非洲裔美国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述(宽扎节是为非洲裔 美国人创立的节日)是正确的，答案为A。3. B在第二题中我们知道宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：一些人认为宽扎节的历史并不久远。所以，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述(宽扎节的历史非常悠久)是错误的,答案为B。4. C从整篇文章中我们知道宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的，之后宽扎节的传统又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家(这一信息可以从第四段最后一行得到)。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息(非洲人民庆祝宽扎节)并没在文中给出答案为C05. A在段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起緬怀历史和非洲的祖先。所以题干中的表述 (宽扎节期间人民花很多时间和家人待在一起)是正确的， 答案为A。6. A在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐,并且孩子们会收到小礼物。所以，题干的表述(孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物)是正确的，答案为A。7. B在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述(每个人都认为宽扎节是一个重要的节日)不正确，故答案为B。参考译文第十二篇 开始新的传统珊特尔戴维斯是一位九岁的纽约小女孩。12月的一个寒夜，珊特尔戴维斯的家人都围站在餐桌边看着她点亮一支蜡烛。水果蔬菜篮子和玉米穗装饰着这个餐桌，这些都是给珊特尔和她的两个兄弟的。“这支蜡烛代表umoja，在非洲这个词意味着在一起，”珊特尔说，“这是家庭中最重要的事。”今晚是宽扎节的第一个晚上，珊特尔正和她的家人待在一起。超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1月1日庆祝宽扎节。这段时间里他们和家人聚在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。宽扎节非常独特，因为它是由一个人创立的。在1966年，一个名叫马拉那卡林加的美 国人想要为非洲裔美国人创立一个节日来向他们的文化和传统致敬。因此他利用非洲的语言和习俗来创造一个新的传统。他将节日命名为宽扎节，这个词来源于非洲语言斯瓦西里语;在斯瓦西里语中，宽扎节的意思是“最初的果实。” 一开始，只有少数一些美国家庭在家进行小规模庆祝。现如今学校和公共场所也有宽扎节的庆祝活动。并且宽扎节巳经流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家。一个放着七支蜡烛的烛台是宽扎节的主要标志，每支蜡烛代表宽扎节一个信条。每天晚上都会由一个家庭成员点亮一支蜡烛，并谈论这支蜡烛所代表的信条：在一起，做自己，互帮互助，懂得分享，拥有目标，有创造性和有信仰。这些蜡烛有红的、黑的和绿的，这是宽扎节的颜色。父母们也为逝去的家庭成员斟上喝的以此来纪念他们。在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。现如今人们能买到宽扎节的贺卡和特制的宽扎节的衣服。商店里销售宽扎节的蜡烛和烛台。由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日;但是也有人说习俗和庆祝仪式总在发生变化，宽扎节向我们展现了人们生活中重要的东西。珊特尔戴维斯说她喜欢宽扎节，因为它很有趣。“但是每年我也会学到新的东西，”她谈道。 概括大意与完成句子 第五篇 US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world1 Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack3. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses ; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.练习：1. Paragraph 2_B_2. Paragraph 3_D_3. Paragraph 4_A_4. Paragraph 5_E_A. What the FCTC DemandsB US Signing of the FCTCC Opposition to the FCTCD How the FCTC Came into BejingE What the FCTC Will Bring aboutF Ratification of the FCT5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward_B_.6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, _D_.7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths_E_.8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that_A_.A have ratified itB approving itC implement its provisionsD restrict smoking in public placesE caused by tobacco usdF including higher tobacco taxed答案与题解：1. B文章第一段主要讲美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步，这一步指的就是美国本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)事。2. D文章第二段简要介绍了烟草控制框架性协议的形成过程。3. A文章第三段列举了烟草控制框架性协议的一些具体要求。4. E文章第四段通过列举吸烟所造成的危害旨在说明实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生的影响。5. B通过文章的第一句可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议只是批准该协议的第一步。6. D文章第二段说，通过烟草控制框架性协议的国家必须实施严格的烟草控制措施,而文章的第三段便列举了具体应实施的措施，其中便包括限制在公共场所吸烟。7. E文章第四段的第一句说，实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生巨大的影响。接下来便列举了吸烟所造成的巨大危害。可见人们希望该协议的实施将大大减少吸烟所造成的危害，尤其是大量的死亡。8. A从文章的第五段可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议的国家的数量大大超过通过该协议的国家的数量。参考译文第五篇 美国签订了全球烟草协议美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。卫生和人类服务大臣托米汤普森本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)。在美国能够实施其条款之前参议院还必须要批准这个协议。FCTC是由世界卫生组织制定的，并且是由世界卫生大会的成员们去年批准的，其中包括美国。批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税，限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。它还要求禁止烟草广告，但是对像美国这样的国家有例外，这些国家的宪法禁止这么直率的禁令。这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。世界卫生组织估计世界上每年有500万人因为吸烟而死亡。仅在美国，每年大约有44万人死于与烟草相关的疾病;美国所有的癌症中约有1/3是因为吸烟导致的。如果目前的趋势持续的话，世界卫生组织估计，到2025年烟草将每年夺取一千万人的生命。这个协议至少被40个国家批准才能生效。到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，12个国家已经批准了它。第八篇 How We Form First ImpressionlWe all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form anopinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her - aside perhaps from afew remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain isso sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears,nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information - the sights and sounds of yourworld. These incoming signals are compared against2 a host of memories stored in the brainareas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals mean.3 If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says familiar and safe. Ifyou see someone new, it says, new - potentially threatening. Then your brain starts to matchfeatures of this stranger with other known memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity,gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the moreyour brain may say, This is new. I dont like this person. Or else, Im intrigued. Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures - like your other friends;so your brain says: I like this person. But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong4.4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike theimmature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions ofothers. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people - their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character - we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware ofwhat a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes,dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we usea different, more mature style ofthinking - and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.注释：1. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how apersons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or heras different.从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。2against:和对比3If you see someone you know and like at school，如果你在学校看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人like在这里是动词。4dead wrong:相当于completely wrongo dead wrong是口语表达用语。练习:1.Paragraph2_2.Paragraph3-3.Paragraph4_4.Paragraph5_5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through _6. You interpret _ _ by comparing it against the memories already stored in yourbrain.7. The way westereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to _答案与题解：1D本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。2C本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。3B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。4A本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，对该人的认识进入一个更深的层次。5E选E的依据在第二段的第三句。6D选D的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information的意思就是information perceivedthrough sensory organs（视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等）。7C选C的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是：When we stereotype people，we use a less matureform of thinking( not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplisticand categorical impressions of others.8B选B的依据在第五段第二句。译文第八篇 对别人的第一印象是怎样形成的对刚刚遇到的人我们都会留下第一印象，为什么？为什么我们会对一无所知的人形成自己的印象除去一些描述或显而易见的特征？这与你的大脑如何感知世界是息息相关的。大脑对面部特征十分敏感，即使是每个人在眼睛、耳朵、鼻子或嘴部的细小差异也会使大脑察觉到其不同之处。实际上，大脑一直在不断地对接收到的感官信息进行处理包括影像和声音。大脑将这些“信号”与储存在脑皮层系统的大量“记忆”相比较以便确定这些新收到的信号的“意思”。如果你在学校看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人，你的大脑会做出“熟悉安全”的判断；如果你看见了一个陌生的人，你的大脑会告诉你“陌生，有潜在的威胁”，紧接着你的大脑会开始将这个陌生人的特征与“已知”的记忆进行比较，包括身高、体重、穿着、种族、手势以及音调等等。特征越不相符，大脑越会告诫你，“这是陌生人，我不喜欢这个人”，或“我很好奇”。大脑也可能观察到一张新面孔，但却有着熟悉的穿着、种族特征和手势像你的朋友，这时大脑会告诉你，“我喜欢这个人”。但这些第一印象却可能是完全错误的。当区分人时，我们使用一种欠成熟的思维方式（与小孩子不成熟的想法一样）去对别人做出简单并且范畴化的判断。（这样的后果是）我们将人区分为骗子、反常的人或怪人，而不是对人的深度和广度，即历史、兴趣、价值、力量或真正的性格有所了解。但是，如果对模式化的第一印象加以抑制，我们就会有机会对一个人有真正的了解。如果我们花一些时间与一个人在一起，倾听他或她的生活、希望和梦想，了解了这个人的性格，我们才会用一种不同的、更成熟的方式去思考，即用脑皮层中最复杂的区域进行思考，而这会使我们更富有人情味。阅读理解：第三篇：Shark Attack! 第五篇：The Travels of IBn Battuta 第三篇 Shark Attack!Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave，when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadnt heard a thing.In his horror and confusion，he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the sharks teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers，the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows，they could very easily kill and ea