现在完成时练习.doc

I 意义：1. 表示过去已经完成或发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词：（1） already “已经”(用于肯定)； yet “还，已经”（用于否定和疑问）；just “刚刚” before “ 以前”（2） ever “ 曾经”（用于问句） 和 never “从未，不曾”（3） 以动作发生次数为标志：如 once , twice , three times , four times , five times 及several times 等.2. 表示过去已经开始， 一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 标志词： （1）for + 一段时间； （2）since +时间点（+一段时间+ago）/ 从句(一般过去时); (3) How long ; (4) 以 so far 为标志。 另外还有： these days （这些天）； in/ during the past two years (在过去两年里) ； all ones life 在某人一生中 since then “从那时起”等。II 现在完成时的结构：（1）肯定：主语 + have / has + V（PP）+ 宾语。 I have just finished reading the storybook. 我刚读完那本故事书。 She has already heard of that thing. 她已经听说过那件事情了。 （2） 否定：主语+ have/ has + not + V(pp) + 宾语。 I have not visited the Great Wall yet. 我还没有游览过长城。 Li Mei has never left home before. 李梅以前从来没有离开过家。（3）疑问： Have / Has + 主语 + V（PP）+ 宾语 ？Have you ever heard of that thing? 你听说过那件事情吗？Has she ever spoken to an American? 她跟美国人说过话吗？III 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：1. 现在完成时和现在密切相关， 要么过去发生的动作对现在造成一定影响或结果； 要么动作持续到现在。谓语动词：have / has + V(PP)2. 一般过去时则只强调在过去某个时间发生了什么事情和现在没有关系。标志词： ago； yesterday; the day before yesterday(前天) ； last ； just now;long long ago; long before 等。VI have been to与 have gone to 易弄混（1）have been to+地点 是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）。（2）have gone to+地点 是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方（即不在说话的地方）。(3)have been in(at)+地点 是表示在某地待了多长时间I have been to Beijing three times.我已经去北京三次了。（人就在这里）Li Lei has already gone to Beijing.李磊已经去北京了。 （人不在这里）We have been in Shanghai for three months. 我们在上海待了三个月了。注意：这两个句式后接副词时，需省to。E.g. He has gone there.练习题1. He already his exercises. (finish)2. She just back from town. ( come)3. you ever to paris？ （be）4.We the film twice. (see)5. Tom before ？（surf）6. He his homework two hours ago. (finish)7.Li Tao school yesterday. (not go)8. Li Lei back from Huang Shan Mount yet.(get)9. He in this city for over ten years. (work)10. The factory open since 1989. (be)11. He in Xian ever since.VII 重点，难点解析： 英语重存在短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）和延续性动词之分； 瞬间动词不能和how long ; for +一段时间； since+时间点（+一段时间+ago）/ 从句(一般过去时); so far 等连用。1. 常用的非延续性动词有：Come(来)； go（去）； arrive（到达）； reach（到达）； see（看见）； close（关闭）；leave（离开）； begin（开始）； start（开始）； lose（丢失）； buy（买）； fall（落下）； jion（加入）； die（死）； borrow（借）； lend（借）等为非延续性动词。2. 常用的延续性动词有：Be（是）； have（有）； know（知道）； live（居住）； work（工作）； study（学习，研究）； learn（学习）； teach（教）； talk（谈话）； draw（画）； wait（等候）； wear（传）； keep（保持）； stay（待着， 停留）等。3. 要与一段时间连用， 可将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。（1） 来了： come-have been in/at(待了一段时间)（2） 买： buy-have（3） 借： borrow-keep（4） 回来： come back/get back-be back（5） 穿： put on-wear（6） 开始上演：begin/start-be on/ last（7） 得感冒：catch a cold- have a cold（8） 死：die -be dead（9） 加入：join-be a member of /be with/ be in（10） 离去：leave/ go-be away（11） 睡着：fall asleep-be asleep（12） 到达：arrive/reach/get-be in(at)+地点（13） 出去：go out -be out（14） 得病：fall ill-be ill练习题： 改错1.这本书我借了两周。I have borrowed this book for two weeks.2.这辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ How long have you bought your bike?3.自从三年前， 他都回来了。He has come back since 3 years ago.4.电影在半小时钱已经开始了。The film has begun since half an hour.5.他爷爷死了三年了。His grandfather has died for three years.现在完成时专练一 用have been to ,have gone to 或have been in填空。1. Is LiMing in? No, he isnt.- Where_ he _? - He_ the teachers office.- When will he be back?- I am sorry. I dont know. But he _ the office for over two hours.- Can you show me the way to the office?- I am afraid I cant. I _ never _ the office.二 选择（ ）1. The musician hasnt been here_.A. three weeks B. since three weeks C. for three weeks D. about three weeks ( ) 2. I have known him_. A. two years B. for over two years C. two years ago D. last year( ) 3. We havent seen him_. A. last week B. for last week C. since last week D. since a week( ) 4. I _ Tom since he was a little boy. A. knew B. know C. has known D. have known( ) 5. Hes finished his homework, _? A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. doesnt he D. wasnt he( ) 6. How long _ you _ a party member? A. have, become B. have, joined C. have, been D. have, worked( ) 7. Jack has lived in Beijing_ he came to China. A. when B. since C. before D. for( ) 8. I _ here since I was born. A. have lived B. have left C. have been to D. have arrived三 用词的适当形式填空。1. I_(lost) my English-Chinese dictionary, so I have _(buy) another one.2. - _ your brother _(go) to school?- No, he _(not go) yet. He _(go) to school in a moment.3. - _you _(know) the man over there?- No, I _ never_(see) him before.4. Where is my raincoat?- It _(be) here a moment ago. Oh, XiaoWang _(take) it by mistake.5. How long _you_(learn) English?- I _(learn) it for two years.6._ you _(go) swimming if the sun _(come) out?7.I _(just finish) my homework.8. My sister _(go) to study in the U.S.A in 1986. She_(study) there for three years.9. Where _you_(be)? I _(be) to Shanghai. What _ you_(do) there? I _(visit) some schools and factories.10. _ What _ you _(look) for?-My ball-pen. I think I _(lose) it. _ you _(see) it anywhere?-Oh, yes, I _(see) it on your desk this morning.四 改错1. My sister has done her homework an hour ago.2. My aunt is a doctor in Shanghai for twenty years.3. I have studied English since three years.4. How many times have you gone to Beijing?5. When have you see the film?6. My brother has joined the army for two years.五 完成句子1. 你看过这本故事书吗？ -看过，我去年看的。- _ you _ _ the story book? -Yes, I _ it last year.2. 他找到他的钢笔了吗？ - 还没找到。-_ he _ his pen yet? - No, he_ _ his pen yet.3. 从上星期三以来，我没见过他。I _ _ him since_ _ . 4.- 你们彼此认识多久了？- 十年了，是1975年认识的。- How long _ you _ _ _ ?- _ _ ten years. We_ _ _ in 1975.5.- 布莱克夫人什么时候来北京的？-上星期五。她已经来了好几天了。- When _ Mrs Black _ _ Beijing?- Last Friday. She _ _ _ _ several days.6. 自从他来到中国，他已经交了许多朋友。 He _ _ _ _ since he _ _ China.7. 你去过上海，是吗？ You _ _ _ Shanghai, _ _?8. “那位科学家到英国去几次？”“只有一次， 两年前去过。” “How_ _ _ the old science_ to England?” “Only once, he _ there two years _.”9. 你认识那个黄头发、黑眼睛的女孩吗？ _ you _ the girl _ yellow hair and black_?10. 彼得如何处置那些书架的？卖掉了。- _ _ Peter _ _ those_?- He _ _ them.11. 火车已经开走了吗？是的。什么时候开走的？半小时以前。 _ the train _? Yes, it _. When _ it _? It _ half an hour ago.现在完成时1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。2.用法 （1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。一、 单项选择 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days？ I have to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter 36I have watched the game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. Shell return next year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 以适当形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ you ever _ (travel) on a tra