专业英语中的常用符号和数学式表达.doc

专业英语中的常用符号和数学式的表达1/2 a half, one half1/3 a third, one third2/3 two thirds1/4 a quarter, one quarter, a fourth, one fourth1/100 a(one) hundredth1/1000 a(one) thousandth113/324 one hundred and thirteen over three hundred and twenty four four and two thirds0.25 zero (0, naught) point two five+ plus , positive_ minus, negative plus or minus multiplied by , times divided by= be equal to, equals be approximately equal to, approximately equals() round brackets; parentheses【】 square (angular) brackets braces less than or equal to more than or equal to infinity because therefore maps intoX+y x plus y(a+b) bracket a plus b bracket closedA=b a equals b; a is equal to b; a is bAb a is not equal to bAb a plus or minus bAb a is approximately equal to bAb a is greater than bAb a is muchfar greater than bAb a is less than bAb a is much less than bAb a is perpendicular to bX x approaches infinityAb a is identically equal to b; a is of identity to ba angle aAb the difference between a and bAb a is parallel to bAb a varies directly as b: x square; x squared; the square of x; the second power of x; x to second power: x cube; x cubed; the cube of x; the third power of x; x to the third power the square root of x the cube root of x% percent2% two percent per mill5 five per mill log x to the base n log x to the base 10; common logarithm , log x to the base e; natural logarithm; napierian logarithm, exponential function of x;e to the power x the nth power of x; x to the power n 或 the nth root of x; x to the power one over nSin sineCos cosineTg, tan tangentCtg, cot cotangentSc, sec secontCsc, coses cosecant , arcsin : arc sine , arcos : arc cosineSinh : the hyperbolic sineCosh: the hyperbolic cosine: the summation of : the summation of x sub I, where I goes from 1 to n: the product of : the absolute value of x: the mean value of x; x bar: b prime: b double prime; b second prime: b triple prime: function f of x ； finite difference or increment: the increment of x: dee x; dee of x; differential x: the differential coefficient of y with respect to x; the first derivative of y with respect of x: the second derivative of y with respect of x: the nth derivative of y with respect of x: the partial derivative of y with respect of u, where y is a function of u and another variable(or variables): integral of : double integral of : n-fold integral of : integral between limits a and b (from a to b): vector F： a sub two20:twenty degrees7：seven minutes; seven feet13: thirteen seconds; thirteen inches0: zero degree centigradeCelsius100: one a hundred degrees Centigrade32: thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit专业英语中常用的词缀1、名词词缀(prefix, suffix)词缀意义词例AutoSelf 自己，自动Automation自动化, autoalarm自动报警CounterAgainst，反，抗，对应Counterbalance 均衡, countermeasure干扰DecaTen，十Decagram 十克, decameter十米Deci10% 十分之一Decigram 十分之一克, decimeter十分之一米DiTwo 二Dimensions 二维, diode二极管HectorHundred 一百Hectowatt 百瓦, hectoampere一百安培InIn 入Input 输入, intake 吸入InterBetween, among在之间Interface 接口, internet 互联网MacroLarge, long 大， 长，宏Macrocode 宏代码, macroinstruction宏指令MicroSmall 小Microcomputer 微型计算机, microwave 微波OctEight 八Octagen 八角形 , October 十月（古罗马八月）OutOut 出Output 输出, outline 外形（线、图）SubBeneath, less than，小于Subconsole 辅助工作台, subduple二分之一TeleFar away 远离Telephone 电话, telegraph 电报Sym,synCommon, same 相同Symmetry 对称, syntony 谐振，共振Acity表示情况、性质、状态等Capacity 容量Acy表示性质、状态、行为等Determinacy 确定性Age表示抽象概念，如性质等Voltage 电压Al表示抽象概念Removal 除去Ality表示情况、性质、状态等Conditionality 条件性Ance,ence表示情况、性质、状态等Resistance 电阻, difference 差异Ancy,ency表示情况、性质、状态等Efficiency 效率Cy表示情况、性质、状态等Accuracy 精确度Ic,ics表示情况、性质、状态等Electronics 电子学, physics 物理学Ing表示情况、性质、状态等Reading 读数, recording 记录Ion,tion,sion,xion表示情况、性质、状态等Connection 连接、链接, specification 规格LogySubject 科目，学，论，法Methodology 方法学，方法论Ment表示动作、性质、状态等Movement 运动, development 开发Ness表示动作、性质、状态等Hardness 硬度, robustness 强度Ship表示动作、性质、状态等Relationship 关系Th表示动作、性质、状态等Growth 增长Ty,ity表示动作、性质、状态等Reliability 可靠性, probability 概率Ure表示动作、性质、状态等Measure 测量 Er表示人或物Computer 计算机, controller控制器Or表示人或物Operator 操作员, sensor 传感器ist表示人Scientist 科学家2、形容词词缀词缀意义词例-able ,-ible表示可能性Readable 可读的, enable 使能-al表示的Lateral横向的 , virtual 虚拟的-ant,-ent表示的Important重要的 , independent独立的-ar,-ary表示的Secondary 第二的, ordinary平常的-ed表示的Used 用过的, logged 笨重的-en表示制的，质的Golden 金色的-ful表示充满的Useful 有用的, plentiful充足的-ic,-ical表示属于Systematical有系统的, idiographic独特的-ish表示稍微有点Reddish 少带点红色的-less表示无的Diskless 无盘的, useless 无用的-logical表示学的Technological 工艺学的-ory表示性状Selfoscillatory 自震荡的-ous表示性状Various 各种各样的, numerous许多的-y表示性状Handy 灵便的3、动词词缀词缀意义词例-en表示使Broaden 加宽, harden 硬化-fy表示使Electrify 使带电, verify 证实-ize(-ise)表示使Standardize 使标准化4、专业英语中常用的词根词根意义词例AudiHear 听， 听见Audibility可闻度 , audiphone助听器Aut,autoSelf自己Automation自动化, automation机器人cid,cisCut, kill切，杀Incise切入,excide切除, bactericide杀菌剂CircRing 环，圆Semicircle半圆, circulate循环，流通ChromColor 颜色Photochrome彩色照片, chromatron彩显管ChronTime时间Synchronism同步, chronic慢性的CyclCircle,wheel圆，轮形Bicycle 自行车, recycle再循环DictSayPredict预言, maledictory 咒骂Duc,ductLeadConduct 引导, reduce减少，缩减FactDo,makeManufacture （古）手工做，制造, facile容易做Fold倍，成倍Threefold 三倍GramWrite,literate写，画，文字，图形Diagram 图表, program节目单，程序Graph同gramTelegraph电报, biography传记GressGo, walk,走，行Progress向前,retrogress后退, ingress进入HydroWater水Hydromechanics水力学,hydraulic水力的MeasMeasure测量Measurable可测量的,commensuration等量MeterInstrument仪器，仪表Thermometer温度计MiniSmall,less少，小Minimize最小化,diminish缩小Pan,pantoComplete全部，泛Panorama全景,pan-american泛美洲的Pens,pendHang悬挂Suspension中止, append附加pelPush,drive推动，