2018_2019学年高中英语TheSeaSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠWarm_up.docx

SectionLanguage Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1At first Sally was frightened of planes，but two years later，flying to other countries on business is her main business.2I must apologise(道歉) for not being able to meet you.3I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport.4The basic causes are unknown(未知的)，although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been discovered.5The school has only been open for six months，so its too early to evaluate its success.6Follow the footpath and youll eventually hit the road.7After all，I call someone my cousin if she and I have a common ancestor(祖先)8His heroic deeds(行为) were celebrated in every corner of India.9Within this lecture(演讲) I cannot pretend to deal adequately with dreams.10Since the roads are very bad，the journey took us a long time.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1frighten vt.使惊吓；使害怕frightened adj.受惊的；感到害怕的frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的2explore vt.探测；探险；探究explorer n探险家exploration n探险；探测3persuade vt.说服；劝服persuasion n劝说；说服4apologise vt.道歉apology n道歉.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1fill out填写2on ones own 独自3long before 很久以前4set sail 启航5get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境6make it to 到达7in search of 寻找，寻求8according to 根据，依照.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Migrant workers move from city to city in search of work.2Jim is always getting into trouble with the law.3The poet wanted to wander those countries on his own4Are we late? Do we have enough time to make it to Bremen today?5She ranked her students according to their grades.v.-sionn.in名词of复合短语impression 印象conclusion 结论expression 表情in advance of 在之前in favor of 支持in charge of 掌管.经典句式仿写1The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America.北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。记句式结构不定式作定语仿写促落实他是世界上第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的人。She was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prize2Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船(与他同行)，但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。记句式结构of关系代词仿写促落实这对老夫妇还养了好几条狗，其中一条是黑色的。They had several dogs，one of which was black3Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric，but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，并且发现自己在一个未知的地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。记句式结构find宾语宾语补足语仿写促落实使她惊奇的是她来到了另外的一个世界。 To her surprise，she found herself in a different world4Leif followed Biarnis directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada.赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。记句式结构what引导宾语从句仿写促落实好的学习者考虑他们擅长什么，他们需要更多地练习什么。Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more核 心 要 点 探 究 (教材P8)The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。【要点提炼】句中不定式短语to reach America作后置定语，修饰the first Europeans。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；(2)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；(3)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；(4)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；(5)表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)；(6)there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。You are the only person to do the job.你是做这项工作的唯一人选。There is nothing to worry(worry) about.没什么可担心的。Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。 (教材P8)They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.早在哥伦布起航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。【要点提炼】long before Columbus ever set sail 是时间状语从句。long before表示“很久以前”，可将其视为介词、连词或副词。It was long before.过了很久才It was not long before. 没过多久就It will not be long before.要不了多久就会It will be long before. 要过很久才It will not be long before the results are announced.要不了多久就会公布结果。It was not long before my mother came back.没过多久妈妈就回来了。 set sail起航(教材P8)In 982 AD，when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west，there were as many as 10，000 Vikings living in Iceland.公元982年，一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航，当时，在冰岛上居住的北欧海盗多达10 000人。set about着手，开始做set off 出发，启程，引起，使(炸弹等)爆炸set out 出发，开始做set aside 节省，保留set up 建立，树立set down 写下，放下set free 释放Try to set aside some time every day for exercise.每天设法留出点时间锻炼。Ill set off/out early to avoid the traffic jams.我要早些出发以避免交通拥堵。They want to set up their own company.他们想成立自己的公司。 名师点津set about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动名词作宾语；set out表示“着手/开始做某事”时，后跟不定式作宾语。 get into trouble 陷入麻烦；陷入困境(教材P8)According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got into trouble.根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。(be) in trouble 有麻烦，有困难，出事ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自寻烦恼make trouble(for sb.) (给某人)制造麻烦/捣乱get sb.out of trouble 使某人摆脱困境get o trouble 使某人陷入困境have trouble(in)doing/with sth.做某事有困难Many college students have trouble in dealing(deal) with realities.很多大学生在如何应付现实生活上存在困难。Do as youre told，or youll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦的。The teacher took the trouble to learn(learn) all our names on the first day.第一天老师就努力地记住我们所有人的名字。 persuade vt.说服；劝说(教材P8)He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。persuade sb.to do sth./into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth./out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事persuade sb.of sth. 使某人信服某事persuade sb.that. 使某人相信How can we persuade him to join/into joining us?怎么说服他参加我们的活动呢？She persuaded her daughter not to smoke(smoke)她说服女儿不要抽烟。He persuaded me of his honesty.He persuaded me that he was honest.他使我相信他的诚实。 make it to 到达(教材P8)Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船(与他同行)，但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。make it 成功；出席，到场；约定时间；成功到达make the most of sth.充分利用某物make out 看清；理解；声称make up 编造，虚构；给化妆make up for 补偿；弥补Deng Yaping was once told she had no talent in table tennis and would never make it as a table tennis player.邓亚萍曾被告知她没有打乒乓球的天赋，做一名乒乓球运动员永远也无法获得成功。Three doctors and five nurses made up the medical team.三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队。 in search of 寻找；寻求(教材P8)Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland，a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party.埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。in the/ones search for寻找search sb./sp. 搜身/搜查某个地方search sb./sp.for sth. 为找某物而搜身(搜查某个地方)search for(look for) 寻找He searched his pockets，but found nothing.他翻遍了自己的口袋，什么也没有找到。He searched his pockets for his keys.他翻遍了口袋找钥匙。语境助记The customs were searching for drugs when I came through the airport.They searched everybodys luggage for them，and they searched the man in front of me from head to foot.我经过机场时，海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李，并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。 (教材P8)Leif followed Biarnis directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。【要点提炼】what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada为介词to的宾语，由what引导，what在宾语从句中作主语。what作连接代词的用法：引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(1)具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的”。(2)在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。(3)具有关系代词性质的what，意为“的”。what在此相当于“the名词that”或者“all that”，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。I will never forget what the experience has really taught me.Sacrifices pay off in the end.我永远不会忘记这次经历教给“我”的东西， 做出的牺牲最终得到了回报。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)Only then did I recognize what silly mistakes I had made.在那时我才意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。(what在宾语从句中作定语)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.警察找到可能是丢失的古代雕像的物品。(what在宾语从句中作主语)China is no longer what(the China that)it used to be.中国再也不是以前的中国了。(what在表语从句中作表语) apologise vi.道歉(美式英语拼写作apologize)(教材P9)Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.约翰逊先生因为他犯的错误而道歉。(1)apologise to sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology 道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而向某人道歉I apologised to her for stepping on her feet.I made an apology to her for stepping on her feet.我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉。I have to apologise to you for my rudeness.我为我的无礼向你道歉。 frightening adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的(教材P115)But it can be frightening when the weather is bad.但是，天气不好的时候很令人惊恐。(1)frighten v使惊恐，使害怕frighten o(out of)doing sth. 吓得某人(不)做某事(2)frightened adj. 感到害怕的be frightened at. (听到)吓了一跳be frightened of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事They frightened the old lady into signing(sign) the paper.他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。Dont be frightened(frighten) of making mistakes when you speak English.讲英语时别害怕犯错误。名师点津由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.ing形式，意为“令人的”，多指事物；v.ed形式，意为“感到的”，多用于指人。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.2When he came to life，he found himself tied(tie) to a tree.3Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass this time.Im sure youll make it4They thought the thunder was very frightening(frighten)5He apologised for not coming(come) to the party.6Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying(buy) things you dont really want.7According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow.8Creating an interest in what they learn.9He made a public apology(apologize) for the teams performance.10We had trouble persuading(persuade) him to come with us.单句改错1I have tried my best to do that I can to help him.thatwhat2It will be three years after these peach trees begin to bear fruit.afterbefore3American students had trouble use the chopsticks.useusing4I am glad we were able to make it the theatre on time.it后加to5The explorers searched the source of the river.searched后加for.完成句子1吉姆是第一个被提问的人。Jim is the first person to be asked2要不了多久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。It wont be long before we can be rid of the pest altogether.3很久以前，当生活不同于今天的生活的时候，人们可能更诚实。People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today4中华文化早在几千年以前就走向了世界。Chinese culture has made it to the world thousands of years ago.5他由于迟到而向观众致歉。He apologised to the audience for being late语 法 专 项 突 破定语从句() 先观察原句后自主感悟By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.1.句的先行词分别为the place；many places，关系副词都是where。2.句的 先行词分别为25 ships；the man，关系代词前均有介词。精要点拨.关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。一、关系副词when1when 引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。2when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。3关系副词when常可用“介词which”来代替。Ill never forget the days when we stayed in the countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。(when引导限制性定语从句，可用 on which 代替)In the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in which 代替)二、关系副词where1where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。2where可以引导非限制性定语从句。Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。3关系副词where常可用“介词关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。4where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。When you read the book，youd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。三、关系副词why1why 引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如 reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。2关系副词 why 常可用“介词forwhich”来代替。名师点津why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是 reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用 for which 引导。The reason why he was absent sounds reasonable.他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for which代替)Can you believe his reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday？你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用 for which 代替)即时训练1关系副词填空1Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy icecream.2The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.3They have reached the point where they split up.4He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.5The reason why he resigned is known to us.6The reason that he explained is reasonable.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词which”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where和why。(上面已讲述)2“介词which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语。This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员。3“介词which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。The tiger by which the hare was eaten was still hungry.吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿。4“名词/数词ofwhich/whom”在定语从句中作主语，其中“名词ofwhich/whom”“whose名词”。Yesterday I visited my old friend Li Ping，the children of whom(whose children) are abroad.昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在国外。This is the house，the windows of which(whose windows) face to the south.这就是那座房子，它的窗户朝南。5“介词whose”作定语，修饰其后的名词。The boss in whose company my father worked was a kind person.我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人。6介词的选取根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。(be satisfied with)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time？你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？(on the day)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。即时训练2介词填空1He stood near the window through which he could