形容词专题训练.doc

专题四：形容词一、形容词的用法：概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征*其位置不一定都放在名词前面（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语： eg: What a cold day! eg: Kimi is a lovely boy. 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： eg: Do you think it necessary? eg: This show made us happy. *4）状语： He arrived home, hungry and tired. 2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词 1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序一般规则为：adj.修饰名词的排序限定词-性质-大小-形状-年龄-颜色-国家-材料eg: a beautiful little new white wooden house.助记限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新旧颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠注意：限定词包括：冠词，物主代词，指示代词或数词位于各类adj.前，描绘性 adj.有：beautiful, bad, cold, great等大长高：大小，长短，高低等表示形状：round, square等国籍指一个国家或地区表示材料：wooden, woolen, stone, silk等 (wool n.羊毛)表示“作用类别”的有：medical, college, writing, police等2adj. 作定语时, 一般要放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后*enough既可放在被修饰的名词前，也可放在被修饰的名词后The boy is old enough to go to school.He has something interesting to tell his mother.3基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语无论其名词为单数/复数，复合形容词用作“前置定语”常表示时间、度量等( 数-单名)eg: Zhang Zihan is a 12-year-old girl.( How old are you? I am 12 years old. He is a 12-year-old boy. )This is a 2-meter-long desk. )4有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等eg: The tiger is alive.(There is a living tiger. )eg: He is awake. eg: He is asleep (对应的定语adj. - sleeping eg: There is a sleeping boy in the classroom. She is ill.- She is a sick girl.5*有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词eg: friendly，lively，silly，lovely等motherly, fatherly, brotherly, sisterly.6*同根形容词以-ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以-ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)Her expression is _.A. relaxing B. relaxed Guo Yanshuos voice is _.A. excited B. exciting扩展：-ed形容词 ，还可以修饰人的表情/声音7“the形容词”表示一类人或物eg：the poor, the rich, the old .The poor _ the cheap goods.A. like B. likes (the+adj. 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式)8一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式be+ (glad，happy，pleased, sorry，sad，sure，keen， ready，afraid，able, easy，difficult)to do sth9常见形容词的近义词归类largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive，brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely10常见形容词的反义词归类badgood，bigsmall，largesmall，blackwhite，busyfree，coldhot，free adj. 免费的 -chargeablecoolwarm，deadliving/alive，drywet，emptyfull，fastslow，highlow，illwell，littlemuch，openclosed，samedifferent，safedangerous，southernnorthern，lessmore，leastmost，worsebetter，worstbest，cheapdear/expensive，easyhard/difficult，possibleimpossible，happyunhappy/sad，earlylate*old旧的-new新的 老的-young年轻的*hard难的-easy容易的 硬的-soft软的ill 病的- well 健康的 坏的-good好的right对的-wrong错的 右边的-left左边的short短的-long长的 矮的-tall高的thin瘦的-fat胖的 薄的-thick厚的light轻的-heavy重的 亮的、浅色的-dark黑暗的、深色的11.形容词原级用法(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级The pictures on the wall are nice. (2)有表示绝对概念的副词 very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级eg: The man is very tall.*(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用adj.原级肯定句中的结构：同级比较:“A.asadj. 原级asB”A与.B一样eg: English is as important as Chinese.eg: Liu Tianyu is as lovely as Zhao Hongkai.as.as 第一个as adv. 修饰adj.第二个as 连词, He is as _ as his deskmate.A. the taller B. tallerC. tall D. the tallest否定句中的结构：“A.notas/soadj.原级asB”She is not so good as her deskmate.He isnt as/so tall as his deskmate.表示“A是B的倍”时，“A.倍数asadj.原级asB”(一倍:once 两倍：twice；三倍以上：基数词times)Our school is three times as big as his.This table is twice as long as that one.“half asadj.原级as”表示“是的一半”His apples are half as many as his sisters.13形容词比较级用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，“A.adj.比较级thanB”The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.Her hair is longer than _.A. he B. he is C. his D. him(2)可修饰adj.比较级:有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等eg: It is much hotter in Hong Kong than that in Zhengzhou. (3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，句型* “Which/Who isadj.比较级，A or B？”Which book is newer，this one or that one?(4)表示“几倍于”* A +be+倍数adj. 比较级than+B”He is two years younger than you. (5)Yang Junzhi is _ of the two boys.A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. the tallest表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)” *“theadj.比较级”(6)表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，*即“比较级and比较级”，*多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and moreadj.原级”Its getting colder and colder in Zhengzhou.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.(7)表示“越就越”时，*“the adj.比较级，the另一adj.比较级”The more we get together, the happier well be.eg: The harder he studies(从句), the better result he will get(主句).=If he studies harder, he will get the better result.( 前一个the+adj.比较级，相当于条件句，后一个the+adj.比较级，相当于主句 ， 其时态遵循：主将-从现)The harder he _(study), the better grades he _ (get)=If he _ harder, he_ the better grades.*14形容词最高级用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式*adj.最高级前必须加定冠词the，*句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围He is the youngest in our class.Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls.( Marys handwriting is the better of the two girls.)(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，*“Which/Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？Who is the oldest，Yin Ziqing，Li Jiahe or Tan Yuyang?(3)表示“最的之一”时“one of theadj.最高级+n.复数*该adj.后名词-要用复数形式The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.(4)adj.最高级前面可以加序数词表示“第几最”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(5)adj.最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用theeg: Tomorrow will be my busiest day.(6)*adj.比较级结构可以表示最高级含义Tom is the tallest boy in his class.=Tom is taller than any other student in his class. (any other + n.单数)=Tom is taller than the other students in his class. (the other + n.复数)=No one is taller than Tom in his class. =Tom is taller than anyone else in his class. =Tom is taller than the rest of the students in his class. ( rest adj. 剩余的eg: You must finish the rest work. rest pron. 剩余的(人/物) the rest of .eg: The rest of them come from Zhengzhou. )=Tom is taller than any of the other students in his class. 特别注意：同根形容词 (1)-ing形容词& -ed 形容词-ing形容词表示“令人的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明“事物”eg: surprising“令人惊讶的” exciting“令人兴奋的” interesting“有趣的”-ed形容词表示“感到的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，eg: surprised“感到惊讶的” excited“感到兴奋的” interested“感兴趣的”e