中考英语被动语态讲解及其练习.doc

被动语态(1)被动语态定义：主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。(2)英语中被动语态由“be +动词的过去分词”构成。be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：现在时态一般现在时现在进行时一 般 将 来 时现在完成时谓语动词构 成amis +p.p.areamis +being+p.p.arewill + be+p.p.amis +going to+ be + p.p.arehave(has) +been+p.p.过去时态一般过去时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过去完成时谓语动词构 成was +p.p.werewas +being+p.p.werewould +be+p.p.was +going to+be+p.p.werehad +been+p.p. 注 p.p.表示过去分词。(1) 被动语态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路) “be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)注意：1）使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。- He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 2. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务必记住的是3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 5. 主动形式表示被动意义 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。7. need/want/require/worth/deserve当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义例如： Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。典型例题The library needs_, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned英语语法专项习题-被动语态1)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed 4) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A) is foundB) has been found C) was found D) had been found 6) My pictures _until next Friday. A) wont develop B) arent developed C) dont develop D) won t be developed 7) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed 8) A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established 9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined 10)“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?” A) They have been given B) I have been givenC) I am given D) They have given to me 11) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee. A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced 12) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room. A) wasB) hadC) had been D) is13)The goods _when we arrived at the airport. A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded 14) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome 15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past. A) was not B) were notC) were not being D) had not been 16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour. A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling 17) After the race_, the celebration began. A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won 18) He was here for a little while, but I dont knowswhereshe _now. A) is B) was C) had been D) has been 19) The young teacher has _ competent. A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been provedD) proved being 20) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930. A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered 21) To get a better view of the stage, _. A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us 22) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created 23) I think much attention _your pronunciation. A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to C) must pay to D) should be paid to 24) Since 1970, millio