2013八年级上英语培优3.doc

英语培优材料三Unit3语法精讲形容词与副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词和副词的比较级比较级用于两者（人或事物）的比较，用以说明“前者比后者更.”【考向一】基本用法：表示两者（人或事物）的比较。在“比较级+than”的句型中，当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。eg： Dean is taller than Mike(is). He woeks much harder than I(do).【例1】-Now the air in our hometown is even _than it was before.-So we must do something to stop it.A.better B.dirty C.more better D.worse【思路】本题使用寻找题眼法解答。由than可知此题应用比较级。【考向二】比较级的几种特殊用法：（1）“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级（多音节和部分双音节词）”意为“越来越.”。eg：Spring is coming, and days are getting longer and longer. The little girl is more and more beautiful.（2）“the +比较级，the+比较级”意为“越.,就越.”eg：The harder you study,the better grades you will get.【思路】本题考查“the +比较级，the+比较级” 表示“越.,就越.”。much的比较级是more，fat的比较级是fatter。（3）当表示“两者当中更的”时，常用“the+比较级+of the two”结构，定冠词the不可缺少。eg：LiuLi is the taller of the two.（4）同一类人或事物在某一范围内进行比较的时候，常用“形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数”结构，意为“比任何都”eg:I think Xuchang is more beautiful than any other city in China.我认为许昌比中国的任何城市都漂亮。(5)表示对两个人或事物进行对比，并进行选择时，常用句型：“Which(What/Who)+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”Eg:Which is better,the blue one or the red one?【例1】The water in the lakes and rivers in Yunnan became_because of the dry weather.A.fewer and fewer B.more and more C.less and less D.little and little 【思路】本题考查“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越.”。【例2】-Do you remember “_ you eat,_you are”? -Sorry, I wont eat too much. Im too fat now.”A.the more,the fatter B.more,fatter C.the more,the more fatter D.more ,more fatter【例3】Linda is the_of the twins.A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.most outgoing D.least outgoing【思路】本题使用“寻找题眼法”解答。句意为“琳达是双胞胎中更为外向的”“twins”一词说明是在两者当中比较，所以应使用“the+比较级+of the two”结构。【例4】Is China_than any other country in Asia？【思路】本题考查形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数”结构，根据句意“中国比亚洲任何一个国家都大吗？”可知B正确。【例5】Which book do you like_,this one or that one?A.good B.better C.the better D.the best【思路】本题考查“Which(What/Who)+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”并根据句意“你更喜欢哪本书，这本还是那本？”可知选B。语法针对训练一 词汇1. Sam is _ _(严肃的) than his brother.2. Lauras joke is _(funny)than Marys.3. It is getting _ _ _(越来越凉爽)in autumn.4. Bill is _ _(较高的)of the two boys.5. Our city is becoming _and_(good).6. Who got _(good)grades,Tim or Sam?7. She sang _ _(clearly)than any other girl in her class.8. The h_ you work,the more progress youll make.9. Which country is _(大)in population(人口), the U.S. or Canada?10. If you are more _to your classmates,you will get on well with them.(friends,friendly)二 单项选择1. Sam is _than his sister.He talks much and likes telling jokes.A.outgoing B. more outgoing C.the most outgoing D.quieter2. Who is _,Tom or Mike?A.thin B.thiner C.thinner D.more thin 3. This watch is _than that one. A.more cheap B.much cheap C.more cheaper D.much cheaper4. Larry is _at basketball than any other boy I know. A.good B.bad C.better D.worse5. Tara is _of the two girls. A.smarter B. the smarter C.the smart D.the smartest6. Is Shanghai _than any other city in China? A. large B.smallest C.largest D.larger7. Which subject is_,English or math? A.more interesting B.more bored C.more interested D.most interesting8. Jerry studies _this term? A.harder and harder B.more and more harder C. more harder and more harder D.hard and hard9.The more you smile, the _you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily10. Our hometown has changed a lot. Yes,it will be _. A.beautiful and beautiful B.the more beautiful C.more and more beautiful D.more beautiful and beautiful 三 根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.单元基础知识训练( ) 1. Can you give me _ help? - Sure. A. any B. some C. no D. anything( ) 2. There is _milk in the glass. You can drink it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few( ) 3. The dress is _ , you can buy it. A. beautiful enough B. enough beautiful C. beautifully enough D. enough beautifully( ) 4. Look , your bag is a little smaller than _. A. his B. her C. my D. their( ) 5. Tom is _ than his brother. A. heavyer B. much heavier C. more heavy D. much heavy( ) 6. Tom is my friend. Hes _ outgoing than me. A. much B. a little c. a little much D. a little more( ) 7. My sister is a little _ than my brother. A. thin B. thinner C. fat D. fater( ) 8. _ Jane work as hard as you? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are( ) 9. When we heard the exciting news, we cried _ excitement. A. in B. at C. for D. with( ) 10. He was afraid _ alone at night. A. to go out B. goes out C. going out D. of go out( ) 11. How many birds can you see in the tree? - _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. A few( ) 12. Mary likes _ the magazine. A. look B. read C. watch D. see( ) 13. The problem is _ difficult. I cant work it out. A. much B. even C. a lot D. very( ) 14. What color do you like _, blue or green? A. good B. well C. better D. best( ) 15. My T-shirt is much older than _. A. hers B. her C. she D. shes( ) 16. The man made his son _ after he told him some jokes. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing( ) 17. Mary is similar _ her father. They both have big eyes. A. with B. like C. to D. for( ) 18. _ they are good friends, _ they have different interests. A. Though, but B. Though, / C. Because, so D. Because, /( ) 19. Who is _ old people, you or she? A. better at B. better with C. better in D. best with( ) 20. My school is different _ yours. A. in B. by C. of D. from( ) 21. _ is heavier, the horse or the elephant? - The elephant is. A. Which B. How C. Who D. What( ) 22. We should do sports to keep _. A. healthy B. health C. unhealthy D. healthyier( ) 23. Did you meet _ on your way home? A. interesting something B. interested something C. nothing interesting D. anything interesting( ) 24. Dont go out now! Its raining_. A. hardly B. heavy C. hard D. big( ) 25. You should keep _ English every day. A. reading B. read C. to read D. of reading ( ) 26. She is so kind and she always helps me to _ the best _ me. A. bring out, i