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对于15选10的题型,解题步骤有四步:第一步:通读全文, 特别是每个段落的首末句,迅速抓住文章的主题和中心。第二步:对所给出的备选单词进行词性分类第三步:根据上下文意思进行填空 (结合样题详细讲解) 第四步:检查核对。解决15选10题型的五大绝招:1) 词性判断2) 常用搭配3) 内在逻辑4) 感情色彩 5) 语法常识每位学生都要去做的,就是把15个单词通过后缀进行词性分类,通常我的习惯是遇到动词进行二次分类:确定时态,确定单三还是非单三;遇到名词确定单数还是复数;我一直认为单词不认识不应该成为学生放弃选词填空的原因,4级历年真题选词填空中出现频率最高的后缀全部列举出来:名词后缀:tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism形容词后缀:able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing动词后缀:ate/lize/ing/ed 副词后缀:ly/ward/wise在历年真题中只要出现ly一定为副词,这是频率1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示性质,状态,境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质,状态,行为,过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示动作,性质,状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示等级,领域,状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示资格,身份, 年纪,状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程,结果,状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示性质,状态,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示动作,性质,过程,状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示性质,状态,程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost 11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:badbadly坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地 -wise(OE):clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 -wards:outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地考试十大类重要关联词总结 常用的关联词分为十大类:一.Addition此外inaddition,and,similarly,likewise,aswellas,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,too,notonlybut,even,besidesthisthat二.Sequence顺序first,initially,secondetc.,tobeginwith,then,next,earlierlater,followingthisthat,afterwards三.Consequence结果asaresult,thus,so,therefore,consequently,itfollowsthat,thereby,eventually,inthatcase,admittedly四.Contrast对比however,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,though,although,but,onthecontraryotherwise,yet,insteadof,rather,whereas,nonethelesscomparedwith,incontrast五.Certainty确定obviously,certainly,plainly,ofcourse,undoubtedly六.Condition条件if,unless,whether,providedthat,for,sothat,whether,dependingon七.Time时间before,since,as,until,meanwhile,atthemoment,when,whenever,assoonas,justas八.Summary总结inconclusion,insummary,lastly,finally,tosumup,toconclude,torecapitulate,inshort九.Example举例forexample,forinstance,justas,inparticular,suchas,namely十Reason原因since,as,so,because(of),dueto,owingto,thereasonwhy,inotherwords,leadsto,cause Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients _47_ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed. Today, we take pain _48_. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a persons life, causing problems that _50_ from missed work to depression.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _51_ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social _52_ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often _53_ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern _54_ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs available, and many of them caused _56_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A) result B) involves C) significant D) range E) relievedF) issues G) seriously H) magnificent I) determining J) limitedK) gravely L) complained M) respect N) prompting O) specialize 第一步是每位学生都要去做的,就是把15个单词通过后缀进行词性分类,但是通常我的习惯是遇到动词进行二次分类:确定时态,确定单三还是非单三;遇到名词确定单数还是复数;我一直认为单词不认识不应该成为学生放弃选词填空的原因,在做第一步之前我先把4级历年真题选词填空中出现频率最高的后缀全部列举出来:名词后缀:tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism形容词后缀:able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing动词后缀:ate/lize/ing/ed 副词后缀:ly/ward/wise在历年真题中只要出现ly一定为副词,这是频率名词单数:A) result结果 M) respect(尊重)可能的名词复数:F) issues B) involves动词原形: O) specialize M) respect(尊重)动词进行时:I) determining决定,确定 N) prompting动词过去式:J) limited限制 L)complained抱怨 E) relieved可能的动词单三:B)involves F)issues形容词:C) significant H)magnificent J) limited有限的 副词:G) seriously严肃的 K) gravely不能确定的:D)range第二步: 回到原文确定空内应填入的词性、单复数形式、动词时态以及其他语法现象。具体怎么操作,我会在接下来第三步解题的时候具体讲解。第三步:具体分析,重点打击,先易后难。怎么操作?我现在开始讲解:具体解法:47题: when older patients _47_ of pain,前面是patients为复数名词,后面是of,确定应填入一个动词;后半句为they were told告诉我们填入过去时动词,满足此题的单词分别是:J) limited L)complained E)relieved,根据本句中的pain(痛苦),确定L)complained(抱怨)与pain(痛苦)的感情方向一致。48题:前面是we take pain _48_,确定应填入副词来修饰take,满足的单词有G) seriously严肃的K) gravely,由于是pain(痛苦),搭配严肃,如果这两个单词都不认识也是2猜1. 49题:in _49_ a persons well-being.,我们知道,in后面跟两种词性,名词或动名词,比如spend time in doing sth, 所以满足的单词有I) determining决定,确定 N)prompting,2猜150题:causing problems that _50_ from missed work to depression.,由于有from-to-,所以填入动词单配这两个介词,由于没有任何特殊信息词,本题填入一个动词原形,由于前面是problems这个复数,所以排掉B)involves,满足的只有O) specialize ,D)range,两个都不认识,先放着不管,待会再结合处理51题:now depend upon physicians who _51_ in pain medicine,后面是in,确定填动词搭配in,前面是physicians who,人作主语,并且是复数,所以必须是动词原形,满足的单词依然是O) specialize ,D)range,我们可以将50和51题全部填入O) specialize,结果是必对一道,有时候放弃是为了得到52题:other psychological and social _52_,前面是psychological and social这两个形容词,空内应该填入名词,由于是other,要求我们填入一个名词复数,满足的只有一个单词F)issues B)involves,二选一,别着急,让我们看下一道题 53题:. Such comprehensive therapy often _53_ the work,前面是often,要求空内填入实义动词,Such comprehensive therapy明显是单数,不认识也无所谓,确定空内的填入的单三形式的动词,满足的是F)issues B)involves,知道怎么样最功利吗,那就是这道题和上面的52题都填入其中一个,结果依然必对一道!54题:This modern _54_ for pain management,前面是形容词modern,要求填入名词被它修饰,满足的是A)result结果 M)respect(尊重),空后是介词for ,有一点基础的人都知道M) respect(尊重)最搭配for,所以也就排除了它作为动词原形的可能性,所以现在知道我为什么将51题的满足单词固定为O) specialize ,D)range了吗?55题:there were only a _55_ number of drugs available,根据后面的名词number,和前面的a,我们确定天形容词修饰number,满足的有C) significant H)magnificent J) limited有限的,同学们,看到了only了吗?答案是 limited有限的56题:and many of them caused _56_ side effects,后面是名词概念side effects,填入形容词来修饰吧!满足的只有C) significant H)magnificent J),2猜1吧,结合49题2猜1,几率是两道2猜1,两道可以对一道。下面,我就针对样题,并结合解题方法,命题特点进行全面剖析:When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a _47_ I couldnt understand anything, he said. He_48_ from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his_49_ Spanish. She helped me stay smart while teaching me English, he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he_50_ confidence and began to succeed in school.Today, he is a_51_ doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he_52_ through bilingual education to treat his patients.Robertos story is just one of_53_ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most_54_ way both to teach children Englishand ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students_55_outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state averageand college_56_rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答:A) wonder B) acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmare F) native G) acceptance H) effective I) hid J) prominent K) decent L) countless M) recalled N) breakthrough O) automatically解题思路与命题点剖析:名词:E) nightmare G) acceptance N) breakthrough A) wonder形容词:J) prominent F) native L) countless K) decent H) effective副词:C) consistently O) automatically动词:B) acquired I) hid D) regained M) recalled然后根据上下文的衔接,基本语法知识,固定搭配,词义感情色彩进行答题。47) 根据基本语法常识判断, 在该空前有一个冠词 “ a” ,说明该空应该填一个名词,而且进一步推断,一定为可数名词并且是单数名词,然后我们就从刚才词性归类后的名词中进行寻找答案。 由此可以进一步缩小范围,由15选1变成了4选1。 我们根据上下文还可以看到, 上一句提到Roberto Feliz只知道一些英语单词,而该空后面一句的意思是他说我不理解任何事情,由此可以判断出47空的名词感情色彩应该为负面或者说为贬义,由此缩小了包围圈,在这4个名词中,有贬义含义的只有E) nightmare, 因此我们迅速锁定答案。总结:该题目的考查重点为词性分类以及对上下文感情色彩的判断。48) 首先根据语法常识判断, 该空所填词的词性应该为动词, 而细心的同学很快可以发现,在这个空后出现了and这个词, 表明这是一个平行结构,这个发现对于解这个题目非常重要,根据and前后的动词判断,此处也应该填动词的过去时, 我们再进一步判断,该空后面句子的意思为 “他回到家后就哭,而且想着辍学”,由此我们判断这个地方所填的动词的感情色彩也应该为贬义的,与该句后面并列结构的感情色彩应该一直,我们不难判断该空应该填I) hid。总结:该题目的考查重点为平行结构以及句子所表达的感情色彩。49) 首先根据基本语法常识来判断, 该空所填的词应该是来修饰Spanish, 所以我们判断该空应该填一个形容词。首先我们从词性这个角度缩小了范围,迈出了成功解题的第一步。接着,我们来看一下上下文的含义。上文提到Mrs。 Malave是一位双语教师(a bilingual educator), 当教他数学和科学的时候用。 。从这里我们可以看出, 在49空前有个in这个词,这是一个信号词:表示当这位双语老师在教数学和科学的时候用某种语言。再根据句意判断,我们不难得出答案,应该填F) native总结:该题重点考查上下文的理解以及词性判断。50。 首先根据语法常识判断, 该空应该填一个动词,与confidence构成动宾搭配。 本题除了判断词性外, 还有三个地方的提示给解题提供了信号,对解题至关重要。 首先是given的理解, Given放句首,后跟名词或从句,然后再跟主句是固定句型,given充当介词使用,表示假设、假定、已知等意思。 该句的意思为 “假定给他一个展示他能力的机会的话” ; 其次是对于 “and”的准确理解, and表示一个并列平行结构, 后半句的意思是 “在学校开始取得成功” 通过这句可以表明前半句的感情色彩也应该是褒义的; 最后, 就是根据上下文意思的衔接来判断, 文章第一段说到对于英语他几乎不懂, 在学校躲着老师,在家就经常哭泣,总想着辍学,而语言对于他来说是一场nightmare(噩梦), 由此可以判断他对学习英语失去了信心, 而本句的后半句说他开始在学校取得成功,很明显这是重拾信心的表现。 。综上, 我们不难得出该空的答案为D) regained总结:该题考查的重点为词性判断, 上下文的理解,以及固定搭配(regain the confidence )。51。 根据语法判断, 我们很容易断定这个空应该填一个形容词来修饰doctor这个名词。 除此之外,解本题的关键还有一个小词, 就是today这个词, 这个词出现就说明文中隐含着时间对比的考点, 对解题有间接的指导和提示作用,对于这种小词的准确含义的理解,考生绝对不能忽视。 除了这个解线索之外, 在这个空的后面句子的意思为 “他开了自己的诊所, 而且在许多家医院工作” 这足以说明他在事业上的成功。感情色彩为褒义色彩。 再根据与doctor搭配的原则, 很快就能在几个形容词中锁定答案为J) prominent。总结:该题的考查重点为词性判断, 上下文衔接以及句子感情色彩的判断。52。 这个题目的难度应该说比较小。 根据语法知识判断, 该空所填的应该是一个动词。 除此之外,只要考生迅速发现所填的动词是与academic skills构成动宾搭配的话, 这个空就迎刃而解了, 很明显,根据句意:他用通过双语教学所学到的语言和获得的技能来治疗他的病人。 很快判断出该空应该填B) acquired 。 这个空的核心考点就是对固定搭配的掌握程度。总结:本题所考查的重点是词性判断, 特别是考生对固定搭配的掌握53。 这个题目的难度也不是很大。 根据判断, 该空所填的应该是一个形容词来修饰stories, 而又根据one of 的意思来判断, Robertos story只不过是众多成功故事中的一个, 所以我们很快就能锁定答案L) countless总结:本题重点考查词性判断,特别是上下文意思的理解。54。 本题的解题关键有两个。首先是根据语法常识来判断词性, 该空应该填形容词来修饰way。 其次根据整句话的意思来判断:本句的意思为 “研究表明双语教学对于教孩子英语以及保证他们在学术上取得成功是一种( )的方法” 。 本段开头正好讲了Robertos story成功的离子,双语教学给Roberto带来了成功。 因此我们可以判断这个地方所填的形容词应该是褒义的, 所以不难得出结论, 应该填H) effective。总结:本题除了继续考查词性判断外, 更重要的是考查对上下文感情色彩的整体把握。55。 本题的难度比较小。 根据语法常识判断, 此处该填一个副词来修饰动词outperform, 又根据句子的意思, 很容易判断出应该填C) consistently(持续地,一直地)。总结:本题考查的重点是词性判断以及句意理解。难度较小。56。 根据语法常识可以判断, 本空应该填一个名词来与rates来搭配,构成词组。 细心的同学又可以发现上文中出现了dropout rates(辍学率), 而本句又使用了比较级的手法, 由此可见肯定为比较考点。 通过常识判断, 这里肯定填G) acceptance, 与rates构成词组acceptance rate 表示入学率, 与前面所提到的dropout rates (辍学率)构成对比。 这个题目的命制, 再一次提醒考生上下文的衔接是相当重要, 任何题目都不是孤立的, 都是与上下文有联系的, 都可以在上下文中寻找到解题的线索。Questions 47-56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be (47)_wasteful to tear them all down and (48)_them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the (49)_carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest (50)_, the greatest home is the one that has already been built . But at the same time, nearly half of U.S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling, and (51)_our homes, offices, and other buildings. “you cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings,” says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some (52)_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. House built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that (53)_ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a (54)_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older home, from (55)_ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth.; they can help (56)_property owners from rising power costs.请注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上做答。 A ) accommod
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