2014年《新发展英语》测试卷解答.docx

河海大学函授水利水电工程专业新发展英语1-2测验作业及答案参考资料做的不保证全对PartOne:VocabularyandStructure1.What_D_usmostinthatdisasterwastheirreadinesstogivetheirlivesforthepublichealth.A.depressed B.expressed C.exposed D.impressed2.IlikewatchingTV_B_tothecinema.A.morethantogo B.thangoing C.ratherthantogo D.morethangoing3.Hemovedawayfromhisparents,andmissedthem_B_enjoytheexcitinglifeinNewYork.A.enoughto B.toomuchto C.verymuchto D.muchsoasto4.He_A_alotofbadhabitsfromhiscompanions.A.pickedup B.pickedout C.selected D.elected5.Mostofmystudentsareableto_B_Englishdictionariesforunknownwords.A.insult B.consult C.result D.refer6.He_A_greatself-controlforherrudeness.A.exhibited B.inhabited C.exhausted D.existed7.The_C_ofthefogmadeitdifficulttoseewhereweweregoing.A.intensity B.liberty C.density D.penalty8.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_C_underlowtemperature.A.makes B.ismade C.bemade D.willbemade9.Idontthink_C_worthwhiletotakesomuchtroubletodothejob.A.this B.that C.it D.those10.Thispictureisbelieved_D_paintedbyTurner.A.itwas B.tobe C.tobeing D.tohavebeen11.Morepeoplethaneverbeforearerunning_A_thecitycouncil.A.into B.out C.across D.for12._B_theEnglishexam,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastMonday.A.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.Asfor13.Waterwillcontinuetobe_C_itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.A.how B.it C.what D.as14.Hewasluckytoescape_A_toprison.A.beingsent B.sending C.tobesent D.sent15.Thegoodswillbe_B_inaccordancewithyourinstructions.A.destructed B.delivered C.discovered D.deprived16.Hecontinuedonhisway,_A_ofthedangerwhichlayahead.A.ignorant B.identical C.ideal D.illegal17.Suchproblems_A_airandwaterpollutionshavetobesolvedassoonaspossible.A.like B.as C.of D.about18.Itwasgood_B_himtoinvitemetohisweddingfeast.A.for B.of C.in D.about19.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeinglate_ C_hiscarbrokedownontheway.A.why B.which C.that D.because20.Undernocircumstances_C_thoseunreasonableterms. A.weshallaccept B.mustweaccepting C.shallweaccept D.acceptwe21.Thedaywillcome_C_coalandoilwillbeusedasrawmaterialsratherthanfuels.A.as B.while C.when D.whether22.Youcanrelyonit_C_everythingwillbereadybyMonday.A.which B.when C.that D.what23.Thenumberofthestudentsinaforeignlanguageclass_C_usuallylimitedtonomorethanthirty.A.have B.are C.is D.willbe24.We_C_torealizethevalueofwhatwehavehaduntilthereisnomoreofitinourlife.A.pretend B.intend C.tend D.attend25.Ifyoucarry_C_withyourlifelikethis,youwillbringruinuponyourgloriousfuture.A.out B.away C.on D.for26.Taketimeto_B_beforeyourushintoanything.A.admit B.consider C.absorb D.acknowledge27.Atfirsthesaidnothing,thenhissilencegave_A_toanger.A.way B.birth C.room D.rise28.Whenitcomestomathematics,mysonfeelsconfident,whereaswhenitcomestoChinese,hefe_.A.concentrated B.frustrated C.destructed D.constructed29.Herapplicationhadbeenturned_A_repeatedly,butshenevergaveup,whichmovedthebosssodeeplyastoaffordherthechanceatlast.A.down B.up C.on D.off30.Whenyouliveinanalienland,itiswiseofyouto_B_yourselftothelocalcustomswhereyoua.A.adapt B.adopt C.abandon D.accusePartTwo:ReadingComprehensionQuestion3135arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic(预言的)becauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenImintheshower”.Ifitdoesringwhileyouintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemember.Ifitdoesntring,thatnon-eventprobablywontevenregister(留下印象).Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees”.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatoccursastheir“happeningtogether”isamonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleandpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorableisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues;carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.31.InParagraph1theauthorstatesthat_A_.A.reamscannotbesaidtopropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrueB.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrueC.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyrememberedD.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated32.By“thingslikehappeninthrees”inParagraph3,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve_C_.A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthenB.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogetherC.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatternsD.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime33.Theword“courtesy”inParagraph4probablymeans_A_.A.goodmanners B.appropriatespeech C.friendlyrelations D.satisfactoryservice34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AA.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeninginthreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.35.Itcanconcludedfromthepassagethat_D_.A.thereissometrutheveninthewildestdreamsB.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeoplesmeritsC.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldeventsD.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidenceQuestion3640arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriageandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamaninhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccess.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobecapable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminine(女性的)andanattractivemanmoremasculine(男性的)thanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionalfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualities3required.Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,popletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheorderthattheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.36.Theword“liability”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“_C_”.A.misfortune B.instability C.disadvantage D.burden37.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness_A_.A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredB.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableC.isofprimaryimportancetowomenD.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly38.Bowmansexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness_D_.A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen B.affectsmenandwomenalikeC.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeoplesviewsonbeautyareoften_B_.A.practical B.prejudiced C.old-fashioned D.radical40.Theauthorwritesthispassageto_C_.A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveB.giveadvicetojobseekerswhoareattractiveC.demandequalrightsforwomenD.emphasizetheimportanceofappearanceQuestion4145arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Anapplicationlettertheletteryouwritetoapplyforajobwillprobablybethemostimportantkindofletteryouwilleverwrite.Verylikely,itisaletterthatyouwillwriteseveraltimes,asmostpeoplechangeemployersseveraltimesduringtheirbusinesscareers.Yourfirstjob,aswellaseachofthosethatfollow,isalmostcertaintoinvolvesomewritingandmostemployerslookuponanapplicationletterasanexcellentindicatorofanapplicantswritingandothercommunicationskills.Thepurposeofyourapplicationletter,whichshouldgotogetherwithyourresume,istogetyouanin-personinterviewwiththeemployer.Iftheletterisagoodone,itmostlikelywillachieveitsobjective.Thegeneralplanofanapplicationlettercloselymatchesthatofasalesletter.Foranapplicationletter,the“product”youaresellingconsistsofyourknowledge,yourskills,yourpersonalityeverythingaboutyouthatwillenableyoutoperformthejobtothesatisfactionoftheemployer.Asaresult,youmustunderstandtheemployersneeds,knowthespecificrequirementsofthejobyouareseeking,andknowwhatyouhaveto“sell”.41.Theword“those”(underlined)refersto_A_.A.thejobs B.theletters C.thetimes D.theemployers42.Obviously,afteryouhavepresentedyourapplicationletter,youwill_B_.A.handinacopyofyourresume B.expectaface-to-faceinterview C.achieveyourobjective D.workfortheemployer43.Accordingtothepassage,yourapplicationletterisimportantbecause_C_.A.itmeanshowexperiencedyouareB.itindicateshowhardyoucanworkC.itshowshowwellyoucancommunicateD.ittellshowsuccessfultheinterviewwillbe44.Thewriterofthispassagecomparesanapplicationletterto_D_.A.astrongpersonality B.asatisfactoryskillC.anewproduct D.asalesletter45.Toensurethatthelettercansatisfytheemployer,youmust_A_.A.knowhisneeds B.tellyourrequirementsC.showyourknowledge D.getfamiliarwithhisproductQuestion4650arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheLondonUnderground(usuallycalled“thetube”)isthebiggestsubwaysystemintheworld.Itisalsothefastestwaytotravelinthecity.Thenetworkconsistsofninemajorroutes,called“lines”.Youcanbuyticketsatanyundergroundstation,ataticketoffice,orfromaticketmachine.Someoftheticketmachinesrequireexactmoney.Allofthemachinesdisplay“Changegiven”or“Exactmoneyonly”signs.Thepriceoftheticketdependsonthelengthofthetrip.Thelongerthetrip,thehigherthecostoftheticket.Trainsstopatallstations.Onsometrains,passengersneedtopressabuttontoopendoors.Everyundergroundtraincarhasmapsthatshowallthestationsonthelineyouaretravelingon.Thereisamapofthewholeundergroundsystemineverystation.Smokingisnotallowedonundergroundtrainsorinstations.46.Accordingtothepassage,theothernameofthesubwayinLondonis“_D_.”A.thesubwaysystem B.theunderground C.thelines D.thetube47.Thephrase“Exactmoneyonly”(Para.2)means_B_.A.changeisofferedB.nochangeisgivenC.nocoinsareacceptedD.onlycoinsareaccepted48.Onsometrains,ifapassengerwantstogetoff,hehasto_C_.A.informthedriver B.showhisticketC.pressabutton D.readamap49.Amapofthewholeundergroundsystemcanbefoundin_B_.A.everytrain B.everystation C.sometraincars D.someticketoffices50.Thispassagemainlytellsthereaderhow_A_.A.theLondonUndergroundworksB.theLondonUndergrounddevelopsC.apassengerbuysasubwayticketD.apassengertravelsonasubwaytrainPartThree:ClozeCanyouimaginehowdifferentyourlifewouldbeifyoudidnotknowhowtoreadandwrite?Manyofthethingsyou_B_forgrantedduringanordinaryday_A_nolongerbepossibleifyoucouldnotread.Youwouldmissthebasic_C_youdependonforsimpleactivities_D_fromfollowinginstructionsonamachinebottleto_B_trafficsighs.Ifyoucouldnotread_B_,newspapers,andmagazines,youwouldbeoutof_A_withtheworldaroundyou.Yourunderstandingofthatworldbelimitedevenfurther_D_theinsightprovidedbystories,poems,andnovels.Ifyou_C_notwrite,youwouldbeunabletorecordinformationandideasforotherpeople._A_Youwouldlosethepersonalpleasureofkeepinga_B_toexploreyourprivatethoughts,creatingan_C_worldinastory,oracapturingyourfeelings_D_thewordsofapoemofsong.Trytoimaginehowdifferentlifewouldbeif_D_couldreadandwrite.Theshapeofourentire_C_wouldchange.Obviouslytheprintingand_A_industrywouldnotexist.Theabsenceofreadingandwritingwould_B_asurprisingnumberofotherorganizations,_A_theautomotiveindustry,thebusinessmachinesandcomputerindustries,andelectroniccommunicationcompanies.Thereason,_C_isthattheprintingandpublishingindustryisaveryimportantpartofeveryoneoftheseorganizations.Modernlifedependsoncommunication,_D_writtencommunication.51. A.think B.