自考英语Englishjy15031.doc

高等教育自学考试网上辅导英语（一）语法 名词从句一、概述：（一）分类：1.简单句（Simple sentence）2.并列句（compound sentence）3.复合句（Complex sentence）名词性从句 在复合句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。形容词性从句（定语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）（二）复合句的结构main sentence：主句，是句子的主干，体现句子的中心。clause：从句（引导词+陈述句）二、名词从句1.在复合句中担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的从句分别称为主语从句（subject clause）、宾语从句（object clause）、表语从句（predicative clause）和同位语从句（apposition clause）。这些从句在句中的作用相当于名词通常在句中所起的作用，因此统称为名词从句（noun clause）。同位语：For example：Abraham Lincoln, the American President was very popular with the people.亚伯拉罕林肯作为美国总统受到了人们的欢迎。2.引导词主从连词：that（无词义），whether（是否），if（是否）连接代词：who（谁），whom（谁），whose（谁的），what（什么），which（哪一个）连接副词：when（什么时候），where（什么地方），why（为什么），how（怎样）主从连词只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外，还充当从句中的某一个成分。（一）主语从句That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球环绕地球转动，这是我们大家都熟知的。What they are after is profit.他们追求的是利润。be after 追求what既是主语从句的连接词又在主语从句中做介词after的宾语。When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.会议什么时候召开还没有决定。按照英语的习惯，有些句子可以把it放在句首，作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。It has not yet been decided when the meeting is to be held.（二）宾语从句1.一般We know that a parrot cant really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。A little observation will show how the temperature changes.稍加观察就可以看出温度是怎样变化的。2.形式宾语主句中有make、find、see、hear等感官使让动词做谓语时需要用形式宾语。此时的宾语一般放在宾语补足语的后面，it作形式宾语。We find it necessary that we practise spoken English everyday .我们发现每天都练习说口语非常必要。（三）表语从句One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.我的问题是信息是怎样储存在长期记忆中的。This was just when our company was being formed.这正是我们公司成立的时候。When did you go home last night? 你昨天是什么时候回家的？Thats why we decided to put the discussion off.这就是我们决定推迟讨论的原因。put off推迟（四）同位语从句主语中有些词义比较抽象的名词，如belief, doubt, evidence, idea, fact, hope, possibility, thought, news, promise, truth等，同位语从句是用来进一步说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句的引导词只能用thatThere is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery. 毫无疑问，有许多人得益于心脏外科手术。I have an idea that parents should monitor the kind of television their children watch.我有一个想法，父母应该检查孩子看电视的内容。There is the news that some British customers will visit our company.有消息说几个英国客户要来我公司参观。Grammar Exercises1.The problem isAit may take time for new facts to become available.A. that B. howC. whatD. if2.Now you can seeCyou should consult the dictionary last, not first.A. whichB. what C. why D. how3.For thousands of years man dreamedAseemed impossible dreams about flying.A. what B. that C. which D. why4.Man made use of the factDhot air rises to make a balloon carry people up a short distance above the ground.A. why B. how C. where D. that5.This isBgood reading habits are not only an important study skill for the student, but also an important life skill for anyoneA. that B. whyC. where D. when 6.Because of his degree, he refused to doBhe thought low work.A. that B. what C. which D. who7.She hasnt decided withBshe should first make contact.A. who B. whom C. how D. whichmake contact with sb 和某人联系8.That isBwe differ.A. that B. where C. what D. whether9.It doesnt seem likelyAshe will be here.A. that B. how C. what D. who10.The fact remainsAwe are behind many othersA. that B. why C. where D. howSummary 1.核心单词distinguish 区别，辨别 adopt 采取；收养imply 暗示，含有的意思 superior 较好的assume 假定；假装 responsibility 责任，责任心；义务2.词组have effect on 对有影响