Medical Terminology - Chiropractor ManhattanChiropractor …医学术语-曼哈顿脊椎按摩师….ppt

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY,Dr. Michael P. Gillespie,CATEGORIES OF MEDICAL TERMS,Descriptive descriptive medical terms describes the shape, size, color, function etc. of the anatomical structure. Eponyms literally “putting a name upon” - are used to honor someone who first discovered or described an anatomical structure, diagnosed a disease, or developed a medical instrument or procedure. Eponyms give no useful information about what the item is or where it is located.,EXAMPLES OF EPONYMS,Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes) Gabriello Fallopio Eustachean tubes (auditory tubes) Bartolommeo Eustachii,OBJECTIVES,Analyze words by dividing them into component parts. Do not simply memorize terms. Break words up into their component parts. Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body. The medical terms will be easier to understand if you know their context in health and disease processes. Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Some medical terms are pronounced alike, but spelled differently (i.e. ilium and ileum). Some medical terms are similar and a mispronunciation can lean to a misunderstanding (i.e. urethra and ureter).,ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL TERMS,Root the root is the foundation of the word. All medical words have one or more roots. Prefix word beginning. Usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning. Suffix word ending. Modifies the central meaning. Combining vowel usuallu an “o”. Links the root to a suffix or another root. Combining form combination of the root plus the combining vowel.,WORD ROOT,Therm = heat Hypothermia less heat Thermometer measuring heat,EXAMPLE,Myocarditis Prefix Root Suffix Myo = muscle card = heart it is = inflammation,PREFIX CHANGE,Myocarditis inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart Pericarditis inflammation of the outer layer of the heart Endocarditis inflammation of the inner layer of the heart,SUFFIX CHANGE,Cardiologist a physician specializing in the heart Cardiomyopathy damage to the heart muscle layer Cardiomegaly enlargement of the heart,3 GENERAL RULES,1. Read the meaning of the medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across. 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not “gastroitis”. 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology, not “gastrentology”.,HEMATOLOGY,HEMAT / O / LOGY Root / Combining vowel / Suffix Hemat means blood and logy means the process of study. Hematology means the process of study of blood.,ELECTROCARDIOGRAM,Electr / o / cardi / o / gram Root / CV / Root / CV / Suffix Elect means electricity Cardi means heart Gram means record Electrocardiogram means record of the electricity in the heart.,GASTRITIS,Gastr / it is Root / suffix Gastr means stomach It is means inflammation Gastritis means inflammation of the stomach.,GASTROENTEROLOGY,Gastr / o / enter / o / logy Root CV Root CV Suffix Gastr means stomach Enter means intestines Logy means the process of study Gastroenterology means process of study of the stomach and intestines,COMBINING FORMS,Hemat / o Root / combining vowel Gastr / o Root / combining vowel Cardi / o Root / combining vowel Combining forms are used with many different suffixes.,PREFIXES,Hypo / gastr / ic Prefix / Root / Suffix Below / stomach / pertaining to Hypogastric means pertaining to below the stomach Epi / gastric Prefix / Root Above / stomach Epigastric means pertaining to above the stomach,COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES,Itis = inflammation (tonsillitis, appendicitis, hepatitis) Osis = abnormal condition (cyanosis) Ectomy = to cut out remove (appendectomy, tonsillectomy) Otomy = to cut into (tracheotomy) Ostomy = to make a mouth (colostomy) A / an = without / none (anemia, areflexia),Common prefixes and suffixes,Micro = small (microscopic) Macro = large (macroscopic) Mega / megaly = enlarged (megacolon, organomegaly) Scopy / scopic = to look / observe (colonoscopy) Graphy