2014年高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练.doc

2014年高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（7）议论文的阅读 方法点拨议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要由三部分组成：论点，论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨；而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。阅读议论文的方法：读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章的主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。 活学活用阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务Its natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixtyfive or seventyfive times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.Of course，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we dont have and we are curious.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要_.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？_.APeople are curious in the same way.BPeople in different countries are interested in different things.CMen and women are curious about different things.DPeople of different ages are interested in different things.2Scientists who work with the biological sciences study_.Athe earth，the oceans and the skyBmanmade thingsCplants and animalsDocean water3When you run，your muscles need _.Amore nutrition and oxygenBmore signalsCmore saltDwater4People are always curious because_.Athey cannot explain many thingsBthey know nothing about the worldCthey know little about the worldDthey want to be scientists5The passage mainly shows us that _.AScientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around themBwhat the people are curious aboutCeveryone has curiosity which makes the science develop quicklyDSometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions参考答案This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.1解析：根据第二段可知。答案：D2解析：根据第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”答案：C3解析：根据第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”答案：A4解析：推理题，正因为不能解释，才会产生好奇。答案：A5解析：中心概括题。本文通过事例论述人们对事物的好奇推进科学的发展。答案：C 活学活用根据前面所学阅读技巧，完成下列读写任务In September,2007，a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg，the capital of Canadas Manitoba Province，will send a satellite into space.The satellite，named after its home city，will be put into low orbit.Once in space，it can perform for a few months or up to several years，communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide，but this is the first highschool based program of its kind in Canada.30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite，in cooperation with space experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba，and with support from two other organizations.The Winnipeg Project is not something that goes on a piece of paper；it is realworld engineering，allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program.It is also regarded as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba.Designing，building and launching a satellite with highschool students will bring this worldclass educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.“These high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm and a strong love for discovery，” said Peter，Education，Citizenship and Youth Minister.“We want to make science more interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or in space，” Peter added.The Winnipeg Project mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students.It also shows Manitobas devotion to research.请用大约30词概括全文内容_.根据所读短文，选择正确答案1According to the passage，this satellite is _.Anamed after Manitoba and its shapeBintended for international communicationCdesigned，built and launched mainly by studentsDchallenged by university students around the world2According to the minister，_.Athe study of space can be practically made in classroomsBManitoba high schools are famous for the study of spaceCscientific research is too far away from high school studentsDthose Manitoba high school students are worth praising3The primary purpose of the project is to _.Ainspire a strong desire for discovery among the students Bfind the early signs of earthquakes Crelate studies to practice Dhelp high school students study realworld engineering4Which of the followi