英语被动态用法总结.doc

动词的语态 主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。 常用被动语态的情况1.没必要指出动作的执行者时：The palace was built in 1900. He was elected president of the country.2.表客观说明的句型常用被动语态 如it is said that 或可用，sb. +be + -ed+ to be (believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）3.有些词习惯上常用被动语态：born, dress, situate, sit 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place, fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等无被动语态。 After the fire, very little remained of my house. This key just fits the lock. 2） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。 It sounds good.2） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 3） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her. 主动形式表示被动意义 1. 及物动词wash, cut, wear, break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。常与wont/ cant连用 This knife cuts easily. His book dont sell. His book are not sold主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock. （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked. （指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. blame, let, remain, keep, rent, 等。I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. let 、当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the stranger go.他们放陌生人走了。 - The strange was let go. 当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 3. 在need, require, want, worth, deserve, request, demand用动名词表被动。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 4. 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understoodExplain it clearly and make yourself understood. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。He is graduated from a famous university. 注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如： He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl. 注意：1）感官动词使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如： We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。 - He was seen to play football on the playground. 2)